Kayan aiki da ƙimar amfani
Daraktan Kasuwanci da Tallace-tallace na Augusta Mikhail Evgenievich DANILOV ya ci gaba da labarin game da tasirin abubuwa daban-daban akan tasirin magungunan kashe qwari. Littattafan da suka gabata sun tattauna tasirin ingancin ruwa da yanayin yanayi akan halaye na maganin aiki da kuma halayen ɗigon ruwa yayin fesa. Yanzu za mu yi magana game da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
Ga mafi yawan amfanin gona, ana amfani da feshin albarku sau da yawa. Wannan shine "makamin" wanda ko dai za mu buga abin da aka yi niyya daidai kuma a kan lokaci, ko kuma za mu rasa. Sabili da haka, tasirin magungunan kashe qwari ya dogara da halaye da yanayin sa yayin aikace-aikacen.
SHIRIN MAGANI
Mataki na farko na aikin sprayer, kafin ainihin magani ya fara, shine shirye-shiryen maganin aiki. Kuma aikinmu shine mu samar da mafita mai aiki don a rarraba magungunan a ko'ina cikin duka girmansa, ba ya tara a cikin wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi na sprayer, ba ya haifar da sediments ko ƙumburi na inverse emulsion, da sauransu.
Maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin bayanin shirye-shiryen maganin aiki shine "tare da mai kunnawa yana gudana (akan)" a cikin bambance-bambance daban-daban (za'a iya kwatanta mai motsawa a matsayin" inji", "na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa", "aiki da kyau" ko "aiki akai-akai" ).
Kwanan nan, an sabunta jiragen ruwa na sprayer a gonaki da yawa, amma bambancin su dangane da inganci har yanzu yana da girma. Kuma a cikin aikina, na ci karo da masu feshi (ba zan yi talla ko talla ga kowa ba) inda injin motsa jiki zai fara aiki kawai lokacin da mai fesa ya motsa, don haka ka'idar shirya maganin "tare da mai kunnawa" shine. kawai ba zai yiwu ba. Don rage haɗarin sedimentation na miyagun ƙwayoyi masu narkewa (a cikin nau'i na SP ko VDG, alal misali), a cikin irin wannan yanayi yana da ma'ana don shirya wani bayani mai aiki na jari.
Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa lokacin da kuka ƙara irin wannan sprayer a cikin tanki, yawancin kwayoyi, saboda yawansu, wanda ya fi na ruwa, za su nutse zuwa kasa. Kuma wannan, a cikin yanayin shirya cakudawar tanki, na iya haifar da samuwar hazo mai narkewa. Tsabtace kayan aiki na gaba ya zama aiki mai wuyar gaske. Na taɓa lura da azabar da irin wannan mai fesa lokacin ƙoƙarin yin cakudawar tanki na "Agusta" Tornado da Herbitox: "kamfanin" da aka kafa a kasan mai sprayer ba za a iya motsa shi ba tare da mai motsawa wanda ya kunna kawai lokacin motsi. .
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa lokacin shirya maganin aiki, adadin (ba kamar lissafi ba) ya dogara da sake tsara sharuɗɗan a cikin lissafin. Misali, da yawa kwayoyi a cikin nau'i na emulsion concentrates (EC) ayan samar da abin da ake kira inverse emulsion. A sauƙaƙe, lokacin da muka ƙara wani magani a cikin ruwa, an samar da ƙananan ɗigon ruwa na tsari a cikin ruwa - emulsion, wanda muke ƙoƙari mu samu, amma idan muka zuba ruwa a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, muna samun ƙananan ɗigon ruwa a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi. wato emulsion mai juyayi. Yana iya zama mai kauri sosai da kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana iya zama da wahala sosai don emulsify ta ƙara ruwa da motsawa. Haka kuma, wannan tsari yana tare da toshe duk wani abu da kowa da kowa a cikin sprayer tare da daidai sharhi daga ma'aikatan inji da agronomists jawabi ga developers. Dole ne a kiyaye haɗarin samuwar "emulsion na baya" a hankali, tunda iri-iri na sprayers tare da hanyoyi daban-daban na ɗaukar kwayoyi na iya haifar da abubuwan ban mamaki.
Ci gaba da tattaunawa game da adadin da ke canzawa daga sake tsara sharuɗɗan, dole ne a shirya cakuda magunguna a cikin tsari (yawanci daga ƙasa mai narkewa zuwa mai narkewa) kamar yadda masana'antun suka ba da shawarar, ƙara kowane magani na gaba bayan na baya ya narke gaba ɗaya. Sai kawai maganin da kansa ko maganin mahaifiyarsa ana cajin ta cikin pre-tanki, amma ba ruwa ba. Kuma don rage yiwuwar "mamaki" riga a cikin sprayer, kuna buƙatar fara duba magungunan kashe qwari don dacewa (musamman lokacin da muke magana game da samfurori daga masana'antun daban-daban da haɗuwa da ba ku sani ba daga kwarewa).
SHAFIN SPRAYER
Muna ɗauka cewa ta hanyar farawa na sprayer, duk hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na sprayer, daga famfo, bututu, masu tacewa da kuma ƙwanƙwasawa da kansu, suna cikin tsari mai kyau, matsa lamba a cikin tsarin ana kiyaye shi a matakin da ake bukata, babu wani abu da ya ɓace. kuma yaduwar kwararar ruwa a cikin masu fesawa yayin gwaji baya wuce 10%. Idan a baya an tsabtace nozzles tare da awl, screwdriver ko goga na ƙarfe kuma mutum zai iya yin mafarki kawai na 10% yadawa da tsarin fesa uniform, to ana maye gurbin su tare da nozzles masu aiki.
Me zai faru idan ba ku kula da allurar ba? Mun taɓa samun tambayoyi daga abokin ciniki game da tasirin tasirin herbicide Lazurit akan sha'ir da aka shuka bayan dankali. Mun isa wurin, kuma filin kamar an tsefe shi da tsefe mai fadi da hakora, kuma kowace mita ko makamancin haka akwai layukan layi daya na kasa maras kyau tare da rashin tsiro. Kuma kusa da shi akwai mai sprayer "na hannu" tare da ƙananan ƙananan nozzles na lantarki, kowannensu yana samar da ba kawai "girgije" na fesa ba, amma har ma da matsala na aiki. Ya bayyana cewa an yi amfani da wannan feshin na musamman a cikin gonar dankalin turawa ta irin wannan hanya a bara. Kuma shi, ba shakka, ya ƙara adadin metribuzin zuwa kowane bututun ƙarfe wanda ya ninka sau da yawa fiye da duk ƙa'idodi. Abin da ya sa sha'ir ya zama "combed".
ZABEN INJECTORS
Takaddun rajista na kowane magungunan kashe qwari koyaushe suna nuna ƙimar aikace-aikacen ruwan aiki a kowace kadada don amfanin gona da aka bayar. Zai iya bambanta da yawa dangane da miyagun ƙwayoyi, tsarin aikin sa, babban wurin da aka yi niyya tare da bayanin martabar ƙwayar ciyayi, yawan yawan alfarwarsa, da sauransu. Saboda abubuwan da suka dace na tsarin rajista a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, ga yawancin masana'antun da magungunan kashe qwari, waɗannan ka'idodin yawanci suna farawa a 200 l / ha. Kuma don shirye-shiryen tuntuɓar sun ƙare tare da ɗimbin ƙa'idodi mafi girma - 400 l / ha, kuma ga wasu tsire-tsire masu tsayi masu tsayi suna iya wuce 1000 l / ha.
Adadin aikace-aikacen ya samo asali ne daga ma'auni (girman) na mai fesa, nisa tsakanin nozzles na fesa akan albarku, matsa lamba da saurin feshi. Saboda ka'idojin ISO da aka kafa, ana fahimtar ma'aunin bututun ƙarfe gabaɗaya yana nufin fitarwar bututun ƙarfe a cikin galan Amurka a minti ɗaya a matsa lamba na 40 psi. Wannan yana nufin cewa ma'aunin 01 yana ba da galan 0,1 US (galan ɗaya daidai da lita 3,785) a matsa lamba 2,8. Ma'auni 02, 03 ko 04 yana nufin adadin kwarara na 0,2, 0,3 ko 0,4 gpm a matsa lamba 2,8. Don rage ruɗani mai yuwuwa, ana fentin masu fenti iri ɗaya a cikin launuka iri ɗaya.
Amma ba kwa buƙatar nutsewa cikin duk wannan ilimin lissafi da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun gallon-fam na Amurka. Domin akwai masu lissafin da suka dace don zabar sprayers a cikin aikace-aikacen hannu na masana'antun da yawa na magungunan kashe qwari (alal misali, a cikin aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ta Augusta), masu feshi ko sprayers, waɗanda za a iya sauke su daga Google Play da App Store. Kuma duk abin da ke cikin su ana iya ƙididdige su bisa ga al'ada kilomita, mita da lita. Bayan da aka ba da irin wannan shirin ƙimar da ake buƙata na maganin aiki a kowace hectare, nisa tsakanin nozzles na sprayer da saurin da ake sa ran motsi, za mu sami saiti na yuwuwar nozzles.
Muhimmiyar sifa ta mai fesa ita ce girman digo da yake yi. Bari in a taƙaice tunatar da ku azuzuwan ɗigon ruwa bisa ga ma'aunin ISO 25358: VF/ mai kyau - mai kyau sosai; F/ lafiya - karami; M / matsakaici - matsakaici; C / m - babba; VC / m - babba sosai; XC/ matsananci m - babba mai girma kuma UC / Ultra m - babban digo mai girma. Ana iya samun cikakken bayanin azuzuwan (a halin yanzu a cikin Ingilishi kawai) a cikin sabon kundin tarihin Lechler: www.lechler.com/fileadmin/media/kataloge/pdfs/agrar/EN/lechler_agriculture_catalogue_2020_en.pdf.
Ingancin sarrafawa, kamar yadda muka rubuta a baya, yanayin yana tasiri sosai - da farko yanayin zafin jiki da zafi, da saurin iska. Haka kuma, waɗannan abubuwan suna tasiri tasirin feshi daban-daban dangane da halayen nozzles (girman ɗigon digo da suka samar) da ƙimar aikace-aikacen. Don haka, fesa mai kyau a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi, matsakaicin zafin jiki da iska ya kamata ya haifar da ƙarin cikakken ɗaukar hoto na saman da aka bi da shi, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga lamba da shirye-shiryen tsarin gida. Amma a daidai adadin aikace-aikacen, amma a lokacin bushewa, zafi da iska, ƙananan digo za su kasance ƙarƙashin bushewa da kuma zurfafawa zuwa filayen makwabta, don haka, a cikin irin wannan yanayin, aikace-aikacen babban digo ya fi dacewa (musamman ta yin amfani da masu fesa allura, wanda ke yin amfani da alluran fesa. rage haɗarin komawar faɗuwar faɗuwar ruwa daga saman da aka yi magani) . A zamanin yau, drift ya zama mafi mahimmancin halaye, kuma ɗigon ruwa masu girman ƙasa da 150 microns ana ɗaukar su gabaɗaya, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar amfanin gona na kusa. Ba zai yiwu a kwatanta duk iri-iri da fasalulluka na nozzles na fesa ba a cikin iyakar wannan ɗan gajeren labarin. Cikakkun bayanai na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun masu fesawa dangane da girman su (caliber), nau'in ƙirar feshin da suke samarwa, girman ɗigon ruwa, haɗarin ɓarna, dacewa don tsarin tsarin ko tuntuɓar magungunan kashe qwari, kazalika da mahimman shawarwari game da tsayin haɓakar sprayer sama da abin da aka bi da shi ya dogara. akan kusurwar feshi da nisa tsakanin nozzles suna cikin kayan kamfanonin Lechler da TeeJet. Ya kamata a sami wannan bayanin akan gidajen yanar gizon www.lechler.com/fileadmin/media/kataloge/pdfs/agrar/RU/lechler_agrar_broschuere_feldbau_ru.pdf и www.teejet.com/ru/spray_application/nozzles.aspx
Hakanan akwai shirye-shiryen zaɓin bututun ƙarfe waɗanda ke la'akari da yanayin yanayi. Wannan shi ne, alal misali, aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na Jacto Smart Selector daga ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin duniya wajen samar da kayan feshi - kamfanin Jacto, kuma akwai don shigarwa a cikin Google Play ko App Store. Baya ga yanayin, wannan shirin yana la'akari da halayen magungunan kashe qwari - herbicide / fungicide / kwari da tsarin / lamba / ƙasa.
Wani aikace-aikacen hannu mai ban sha'awa wanda Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Abinci ta Yammacin Ostiraliya ta haɓaka ana kiranta "SnapCard", https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-015-0309-y. Yana ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙimar ɗaukar hoto (tare da bambancin juzu'in samfurin gwaji, ba shakka) dangane da yanayin yanayi don ma'auni uku (02, 03, 04) da nau'ikan nozzles na TeeJet guda huɗu - TT, TP, XK da AIXR. Har ila yau, shirin yana ba da damar yin amfani da takarda mai mahimmanci na ruwa: ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto ta amfani da wayar hannu, za ku iya ƙayyade yawan adadin sararin samaniya tare da maganin aiki.
Ƙwararrun masu bincike na iya amfani da takarda mai raɗaɗi na ruwa don kwatanta kiyasin ɗaukar hoto tare da ainihin sakamakon don tantance yadda hanyoyin Yammacin Ostiraliya suka kwatanta da yanayin gida.
Bari mu maimaita: duk wani fesa yana tasiri da abubuwa da yawa. Daga cikin su akwai ƙimar amfani da maganin aiki, nau'in bututun ƙarfe (matsi na aiki, ƙirar fesa, girman da halaye na droplets, kusurwar hari), nisa tsakanin nozzles, da tsayin bututun. Zazzabi, zafi, matsa lamba na iska, saurin iska da saurin fesa duk suna da mahimmanci. Abin da ke da mahimmanci shine yawan yawan ciyayi, wurin da abin da aka yi niyya yake, kusurwar karkata saman da aka yi masa magani zuwa ƙasa, da kaddarorin da aka yi masa magani. Kada mu manta game da maida hankali, tashin hankali na sama, danko na maganin aiki, da sauransu. A lokaci guda, abubuwa da yawa suna aiki a wurare daban-daban, kuma don nau'ikan aiki daban-daban na sprayer suna "tafi" ko dai don fa'idar inganci ko ga rashin amfani. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a la'akari da cewa yin amfani da gaurayawan tanki daban-daban na iya haifar da karuwa a cikin taro a cikin maganin aiki ba kawai abubuwa masu aiki ba, har ma da kaushi da adjuvants, wanda zai iya haifar da phytotoxicity.
INA AL'ADA?
Gwaje-gwaje da yawa da duka masu zaman kansu da ƙungiyoyin da suka dogara da masana'anta ko kayan aiki, ko magungunan kashe qwari, galibi ba sa ba da cikakkiyar amsa game da wane tsarin mulki ya fi kyau. Da yawa ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin yanayi, matakai ko digiri na amfanin gona / ciyawa / kwari / cuta. A sakamakon haka, a cikin wani kakar za mu iya ganin gagarumin bambanci wajen fesa yadda ya dace a 100 da 150 l / ha, kuma a wani ba mu ga wani bambanci tsakanin 25 da 200 l / ha.
Me za mu iya cewa game da gwanintar aikin masana aikin gona? Wani zai tabbatar da kumfa a bakin cewa duk wani magani yana aiki daidai a cikin adadin 25 l / ha (wasu Faransanci mai basira ya ce yana yin haka kullum), ɗayan kuma, tare da irin wannan zafin, zai ba da labarin yadda a cikin zafi da fari Na ƙone alkama na hunturu tare da fesa mai kyau-digiri tare da cakuda magunguna bisa 2,4-D, florasulam, propiconazole tare da cyproconazole da lambda-cyhalothrin. Kuma duka biyun za su yi daidai, saboda wannan shine kwarewar kowa da kowa da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman amfani da takamaiman samfuri a cikin takamaiman yanayi, kuma ba binciken meta-bincike ba.
Bugu da ƙari, har ma da gwaje-gwajen da suka fi dacewa daga ra'ayi na hanyoyin kwarewa na filin suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci. Ana gudanar da su kusan lokaci guda, sabili da haka kada ku yi la'akari da irin wannan factor a matsayin lokacin da ake bukata don magani, kuma kawai amsa tambaya game da abin da tsarin spraying ya fi kyau a yanzu da kuma wani yanayi na musamman a filin. Kuma ƙwararren masanin aikin gona wanda ba ya gudanar da bincike, amma yana aiki a ainihin lokacin - matsalolin ƙungiyoyi, windows "windows", rashin ma'aikatan injin da kayan aikin karya - yana da zaɓi mai wuyar gaske. Mene ne mafi kyau - la'akari da nau'in feshin da ake da su da kuma kayan aikin samar da ruwa, a yi feshi a cikin kwanaki bakwai tare da shawarar adadin lita 200 a kowace hectare ko a cikin kwanaki hudu zuwa biyar tare da adadin lita 100 / ha? Ko watakila za mu iya sarrafa komai a cikin kwanaki uku tare da yawan amfani da 50 l / ha? Kuma lalle ne: a lokuta da yawa yana da kyau a yi aiki ƙasa da inganci dangane da matakin ɗaukar hoto, amma a kan lokaci, fiye da yin aiki qualitatively, amma kasancewa latti - saboda ciyawa da ciyawa, matakan da ba su da hankali na kwaro, ko a irin wannan lokaci. na cutar a lokacin da ko da mafi m likitoci ba za su iya kara warkewa da kuma kawar da wakili.
Tabbas, daga la'akari na gaba ɗaya, idan kuna da sprayer don 10 - 15 - 30 - 50 hectares (kamar yadda lamarin yake da manoma a Turai), kuma ruwan ba shi da wahala, ba gishiri kuma ba datti ba, to za ku iya yin aiki. a cikin adadin 200 - 300 - 400 l / ha, kuma kuyi tunani a kan dakika (lokacin da aka kashe akan aiki). Amma idan kuna da mai feshi ɗaya na ɗaruruwan (ko ma dubbai) na hectare, to ya kamata ku kula da lokaci tare da girmamawa sosai.
HUKUNCE-HUKUNCE DA BABU
Idan kaya a kan sprayer yana da girma, yana tura shi fiye da iyakokin ƙa'idodin rajista, za mu iya ba da shawara a takaice. Idan muna magana akai tsarin herbicides (waɗannan sun haɗa da, alal misali, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, sulfonylureas, florasulam, clopyralid, picloram), wanda matakin ɗaukar hoto da shiga cikin ƙananan ciyawar ba ta da mahimmanci saboda su. motsi tare da phloem, to, don ƙara yawan aiki (a zahiri, la'akari da haɗarin rushewa), zaku iya aiki tare da rage yawan ƙimar amfani da maganin aiki. Ko da ƙananan ciyawa na shekara-shekara tare da ingantacciyar ɗaukar hoto mara daidaituwa lokacin amfani da manyan nozzles za a lalata su ta hanyar glyphosate fiye da waɗanda suka girma, saboda ƙayyadaddun yanki na musamman. Don irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, ƙimar amfani har zuwa 100 l/ha suna da karɓa sosai. Kuma idan muka dubi halin da ake ciki tare da rajistar irin waɗannan samfurori a cikin ƙasashe inda suke amfani da gallons da kadada, to, a can yana farawa sau da yawa tare da daidaitattun dabi'u na kawai a karkashin 50 l / ha.
Koyaya, rage shawarar aikace-aikacen ƙima yana buƙatar babban taka tsantsan. Gaskiyar ita ce, duk wani nau'i na shirye-shiryen an haɓaka don amfani a cikin nau'i na emulsion ko dakatarwa a cikin wani taro. Lokacin da aka rage yawan amfani da ruwa sau da yawa, ana iya samun emulsion mai aiki mara ƙarfi ko dakatarwa.
domin anti-cereal herbicides lamarin ya kara dagulewa. Ganyen hatsi koyaushe suna kusa da a tsaye, kuma ƙari, sau da yawa ba su da yawa fiye da ganyen albarkatu masu yawa na dicotyledonous (ba duka ba, ba shakka). Sabili da haka, kodayake akwai kuma ƙwarewar nasara ta yin amfani da matsakaicin adadin ruwa mai aiki don shirye-shiryen rigakafin hatsi, har yanzu bai cancanci rage yawan kwararar ƙasa 100 l/ha ba.
Tambaya daban - ƙasa herbicides. Shawarwari sau da yawa suna nuna cewa ya kamata a yi amfani da su ta hanyar da za a rufe ƙasa da kyau, sabili da haka kawai yawan yawan amfani da maganin aiki ya halatta (muna magana game da ƙa'idodin da ba sa buƙatar shigar da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin ƙasa bayan haka). spraying). Amma a nan, kuma, duk abin da karfi ya dogara da ikon herbicide don motsawa, a wannan yanayin ba a cikin shuka ba, amma a cikin ƙasa. Idan muka yi magana game da pendimethalin, ba ya motsawa a cikin ƙasa kuma a cikin ragowar shuka - inda ya fadi, ya gyara can. Kuma chloroacetamides (C-metolachlor, propisochlor, acetochlor) da triazines (prometrin, metribuzin, terbutylazine) da in mun gwada da high motsi, sabili da haka a gare su sosai high amfani rates na aiki bayani, wanda ake bukata ta pendimethalin, ba lallai ba ne.
To, amma ga tuntuɓar magungunan herbicides (bentazone, desmedipham, phenmedipham), sannan fesa tare da babban matakin ɗaukar hoto ya fi dacewa a gare su, wanda aka samu da farko ta hanyar ƙimar aiki mafi girma da kuma fesa mai-droplet.
domin fungicides da kwari Matsayin ɗaukar hoto, isa ga ƙananan bene da baya na ganye yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci fiye da na tsarin ciyawa. Wannan buƙatun don magungunan tuntuɓar ya bayyana ga kowa, amma ga magungunan tsarin yana da mahimmanci. Tsarin fungicides da kwari ko dai na cikin gida ne (suna iya shiga ta cikin ganye ko motsawa tare da samanta, suna motsawa kaɗan ta cikin lokacin tururi), ko xylem-systemic (wasu triazoles, strobilurins, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors), wato, suna iya motsawa kawai. ta hanyar shuka acropetally, ƙasa sama. Kuma ba kamar glyphosate ba, da zarar sun isa saman bene na shuka, ba za su iya ƙarewa a cikin ƙananan sashe ko a cikin tushen ba. Sabili da haka, idan zai yiwu, yana da daraja yin amfani da magungunan kashe kwari ko fungicides tare da ƙimar maganin aiki na akalla 100 l / ha. Har ma ya fi kyau a yi amfani da aƙalla ƙananan ƙimar da aka ba da shawarar don sarrafawa (idan, ba shakka, kayan aikin fasaha da samun ruwa tare da kayan aiki masu dacewa sun yarda).
Akwai yanayi lokacin da dole ne a ƙara yawan adadin maganin aiki kuma dole ne a kiyaye su daga waje. Alal misali, ya kamata a yi haka a lokacin da ake yaki da asu na kabeji, wanda ke zaune a ƙarƙashin wani ganyen rapeseed mai zamewa wanda aka lulluɓe da wani kauri mai kauri.
Amma kuma - "ka'idar ta bushe, abokina, amma itacen rai kore ne." Amfanin fungicides, lokacin da cutar "ta tafi" a tsakiyar lokacin shiryawa, yana raguwa sosai. Kuma lokacin shiryawa don tsatsa ganye a kan hatsi, a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau, na iya zama cikin mako guda. Saboda haka, wani lokacin dole ne ka yi aiki ba da kyau ba (rage yawan adadin aiki), amma a kan lokaci, tun da yin jiyya kwanaki uku zuwa hudu a baya ya zama, kamar yadda classic ya ce, "archivally muhimmanci."
Bugu da kari, wasu fungicides (alal misali, triazoles na tsarin) a babban taro a cikin maganin aiki (har ma a cikin gaurayawan tare da herbicides, wanda ba sabon abu bane), musamman lokacin da ake amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan saukad da bushe da yanayin zafi (lokacin da digo yana da lokaci). don bushewa a kan hanyar zuwa abin da aka yi niyya kuma har yanzu yana ƙaruwa da hankali) na iya nuna phytotoxicity. An rinjayi, ba shakka, da halaye na amfanin gona da kuma bambancin hankali, amma idan bayyanar irin wannan phytotoxicity ba sau da yawa faruwa a kan hatsi da kuma kadan tasiri a kan yawan amfanin ƙasa, sa'an nan a kan daban-daban "m" kayan lambu ko dankali zai iya zama haɗari.
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Elena POPLEVA ta shirya
Photography Lechler и Amazon
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Mikhail Evgenievich DANILOV
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