Boris Anisimov: INA KASANCEWA DA KWANA A GABA DANGANTA DANKON DASU RASHI!
Boris Vasilievich Anisimov fitaccen masanin kimiyyar Rasha ne a fagen narkar da dankalin turawa da samar da iri, daya daga cikin kwararrun kwararru a wannan masana'antar.
Yana da takaddun shaida na haƙƙin mallaka 18 da kuma haƙƙin mallaka don ƙirƙira abubuwa da nasarorin zaɓi; shine mai haɓaka ayyukan 7 na jihohi, manyan yankuna da kuma ƙirar masana'antu don potatoesan dankali, marubucin fiye da ɗab'i 200. A cikin 1999 an zabe shi cikakken memba na Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta ta Rasha (RANS). An bayar da lambar azurfa don tunawa. N.I. Vavilov (2003). An bayar da lambobin yabo "Ma’aikacin Girmama na Compleungiyar Agroindustrial Russia" da "Mai Girma Ma'aikacin Aikin Gona na Jamhuriyar Arewacin Ossetia-Alania".
Shekaru da yawa yana aiki a Cibiyar Bincike ta Tarayya im. A.G. Lorkha. A cikin shekara ta ɗari na wannan ƙungiyar kimiyya, mun nemi Boris Vasilyevich ya raba wa masu karanta mujallar cikakken bayani game da tafarkinsa a fannin kimiyya.
- Boris Vasilievich, ta yaya ya faru har kun daure makomarku da harkar noma?
- Na girma a Sakhalin, a cikin ƙaramin garin Okha. Anan ne a cikin shekaru 30 aka tura iyayena don sake tsugunar da su daga lardin Penza.
Bayan na kammala makaranta, sai iyayena suka tura ni zuwa "babban yankin" domin in sami damar zuwa kwaleji. Don haka a watan Yunin 1954, na kasance tare da kawata a Stavropol kuma na fara shirin shiga Cibiyar Noma ta Stavropol.
Shin wannan zaɓin zaɓi ne na sana'arku ta gaba? Mai yiwuwa ba haka bane. Akwai jami'o'i uku a cikin Stavropol: likita (mafi daraja), ilimin koyarwa da aikin gona. Thearamar gasa ita ce don ƙwarewar ilimin ilimin gona - mutane 9 a kowane wuri. Kuma na tafi "wurin masana ilimin gona". Amma zan iya cewa nayi gaskiya: Cibiyar aikin gona ta Stavropol ta shahara a wadancan shekaru saboda al'adun tarihi, sanannun masana kimiyyar aikin gona wadanda suka jagoranci manyan sassa na musamman a fannin ilimin aikin gona. Kari akan haka, Yankin Stavropol ya kasance mafi yawan aikin gona.
- Shin son dankalin turawa ya fara yayin karatun ka?
- A'a, da yawa daga baya. Labari ne mai tsawo duk da haka. Bayan na karɓi difloma, sai aka tura ni Kalmykia. A can na yi aiki na wani lokaci a matsayin shugaban Sarpinsky interdistrict kariya tsire-tsire.
Ina tuna matattakalar da ba ta da iyaka, "guguwar baƙar yashi" a lokacin iska mai ƙarfi, ambaliyar ruwa tare da ciyawar dawa, inda ɗumbin ofan fari suka fito suka kafa. Aikina tsawon shekara uku, aikina shi ne shirya yaƙi da fara, fararen linzamin kwamfuta, linzamin bera, gophers, wanda a wannan lokacin akwai tarin abubuwa masu yawa. Kuma hakan ya faru ne cewa na je yankin Pskov, zuwa Cibiyar Noma ta Velikie Luki don ci gaba da horo tare da zurfin ƙwarewa kan kariya ta tsire-tsire. Bayan karbar difloma, ya zama mataimaki a sashen aikin gona na gaba da shuka a Cibiyar Noma ta Velikie Luki, ya koyar da daliban kwalejin kare tsire-tsire kwasa-kwasan aikin gona gaba daya kuma ya yi aiki a wannan matsayin na tsawon shekaru biyar.
A lokaci guda, ya gudanar da bincike a karkashin shirin da ya yarda da VIZR, kuma ya shirya shirya tatsuniyoyi kan matakan yaki da ciyawa a cikin amfanin gona na sukari da dabbobin fodder. Amma ba da daɗewa ba salon noman sukari ya gushe, musamman tunda a cikin yanayin yankin Arewa maso Yamma na masana'antar wannan masana'antar ba za ta wanzu ba. Don haka, ba a gabatar da takaddar ba. Sannan kuma ni da matata (ta yi aiki a sashen samar da iri) mun yanke shawarar shiga karatun cikakken digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Tattalin Arzikin Dankali (IKH). A wancan lokacin mun riga mun cika shekaru 28 da haihuwa.
A lokacin da na yi karatun digiri na biyu (1967-1969), a cikin tsarin karatun digiri na biyu wanda Majalisar Ilimi ta amince da shi, na gudanar da bincike kan kimiyyar sinadarai tare da matukar kwazo a Sashin Ilimin Kimiyyar Jiki da Kimiyyar Halittu a karkashin jagorancin wani shahararren masanin kimiyya, Doctor of Biological Sciences David Vladimirovich Lipets. A wancan lokacin yana aiki ne a fannin kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyyar dankalin turawa, daga baya kuma koyaushe ina alfahari da kasancewarta makarantar kimiyya.
Menene dalilan da suka sa aka sami gagarumin canji a bangaren aikin karatuna? Gaskiyar ita ce bayan na kammala karatun digiri na biyu kuma na yi nasarar kare kundin karatun na, sai aka tura ni dakin gwaje-gwajen na Ulyanovsk na NIIKH, inda na dauki mukamin mataimakin darakta a aikin kimiyya. An gudanar da babban aiki cikin nasara a tashar kan zaɓi da samar da iri na farko na asalin iri Volzhanin, Volzhsky, Ulyanovsky, wanda sanannen mai kiwo Lezhepekov ya ƙirƙira don yanayin yankin na Volga na Tsakiya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, na fara shiga harkar dankali da noman iri.
- Kuma daga baya ya ci gaba da wannan aikin a matsayin ma'aikaci na Cibiyar Dankalin Noma?
Haka ne, a ƙarshen 1972, na sake komawa cibiyar kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka zaɓe ni shugaban sashen samar da iri, sannan kuma mataimakin darektan cibiyar tare da ɗora alhakin a kan ci gaban binciken kimiyya da inganta ƙaddarar dukkanin tsarin noman dankalin Rasha.
- An san cewa kuna da gogewa a aikin waje. Kun bunkasa dankalin turawa a Afirka ...
A waccan zamanin, ana sanya shuwagabannin matasa cikin rumbun ma'aikata na sashen aikin gona na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU. Kuma wata rana ajiyar "harbi".
An kira ni kuma aka gaya min, kamar yadda aka saba a wancan lokacin: "Akwai ra'ayin da zan tura ku zuwa kasashen waje a matsayin darektan cibiyar kimiyya ta kasa da kasa don ilimin halittar jiki, wanda aka kirkira bisa yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Gwamnati tsakanin USSR da kasar Afirka mai tasowa ta Habasha." A zahiri, cibiyar ce ta zamani (ta hanya, har yanzu tana nan), sanye take da sabbin kimiyya da fasaha.
Mun kirkiro wuraren nurtu na musamman, inda muka gudanar da kimantawar rigakafin rigakafi ta daruruwan dubban hanyoyin da aka samu bisa yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa tare da mashahuran cibiyoyin bincike na kasa da kasa na kungiyoyi daban-daban na amfanin gona, gami da Cibiyar Dankali ta Kasa da Kasa (CIP, Peru), don masara da alkama ( CIMIT, Mexico), bugun jini (ICARDO, Aleppo, Syria), da Cibiyar Rayayyun Halittu (PGRC, Jamus) a Addis Ababa.
Musamman mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a gare mu shine aikin da ya danganci keɓancewar al'adu masu tsabta na ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma nazarin ƙirar launin fatar na yawan al'ummomin da ke fama da ƙarancin dankalin turawa, waɗanda aka kirkira a lokacin damina a cikin nau'ikan kayan lambu masu yawa na dare da danginsu na ƙarni da yawa.
yana ƙaruwa da adadi mai yawa a ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Abubuwan da muke ci gaba akan nazarin cututtukan tsatsa na amfanin gona, septoria, bacteriosis da ƙwayoyin cuta na phytopathogenic a Afirka ta Tsakiya suna da mahimmancin gaske.
- Kuma bayan balaguron kasuwancin ku na Afirka, kun sake magance matsalolin kimiyyar ƙasa?
A karshen 1986, na dawo NIIKH na yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin babban darakta na wata kungiya mai zaman kanta don noman dankalin turawa, shugaban cibiyar zaben VNIIKH.
Kuma lokacin da manyan canje-canje suka fara a kasar ta bangaren sake fasalin masana'antar noma, an ba ni damar komawa Babban Ofishin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Abinci a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Babban Daraktan samar da Masarufin - shugaban Sashe na Dankalin Turawa da Kayan lambu a cikin Sashen Masana'antu. Ya kasance a wannan lokacin, tare da goyon bayan Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na Rasha, cewa shirye-shiryen ilimin kimiyya da fasaha na bangarori da manyan ayyukan kasuwanci na yanki don ci gaban masana'antar haɓaka dankalin turawa a cikin yanayin sauyawa zuwa tattalin arzikin kasuwa a cikin rukunin masana'antar noma da masana'antar Rasha.
- Wadanne ayyuka ne na wancan lokacin kuke tunawa a matsayin mafi mahimmanci da ban sha'awa?
t 1 Ina ga kamar an sami sakamako mai amfani yayin wannan lokacin a aiwatar da aikin da A.M. Chuenko (JSC "Doka", Zelenograd). An tsara aikin ne don haɓaka masana'antar masana'antar masu ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba su da ƙwayoyin cuta don ainihin noman dankalin turawa. Har ila yau, an sami gagarumar ci gaba a cikin ci gaban fasahar masana'antu don samar da dankali a yankuna na Rasha a cikin tsarin Shirin da Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha ta amince da shi, wanda aka haɓaka a ƙaddarar LLC Management da Production Systems (wanda LV Orlova, Samara ke jagoranta).
Ba zan iya ambata ambaton aikin ba don ƙirƙirar ƙirar dankalin turawa da aka gyara ta irin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke jure wa ƙwarin dankalin turawa na Colorado bisa tushen Cibiyar Nazarin Bioengineering ta Kwalejin Kimiyyar Rasha a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Academician na Kwalejin Kimiyyar Rasha K.G. Scriabin. Tare da sa hannun marubucina, an gabatar da nau'ikan guda uku don jarabawar jihar, rajista ta hukuma kuma ana kiyaye ta ta hanyar haƙƙin mallaka da takaddun mallaka.
A lokaci guda, aikin kasa da kasa "Tassis", wanda Babban Bankin Turai na Sake Gyarawa da Ci Gaban (EBRD), ya samu nasarar aiwatarwa, a cikin tsarin da aka kirkiro dakunan gwaje-gwaje hudu na yanki da aka samar da kayan aiki a cikin Moscow, Leningrad, Samara yankuna da Jamhuriyar Udmurt. A cikin wannan aikin, na yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararre daga ɓangaren Rasha.
- Amma mataki na gaba na tarihin rayuwar har yanzu aikin kimiyya ne?
A 2004, Na zama Mataimakin Daraktan Bincike a NIIKH kuma na yi aiki a wannan matsayin sama da shekaru goma (har zuwa 2016). Duk wannan lokacin cibiyar ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Evgeny Alekseevich Simakov.
Sannan ya sami nasarar hada kan kokarin masana kimiyyar halittar jini da manyan masu kiwo (I.M. Yashina, N.P. Sklyarova, Kh.Kh. Apshev, A.A. Meleshin, A.A. Mityushkin, A.A. Zhuravlev, V.A. Zharova, S. Kirsanov, V.A Biryukova, da sauransu) kuma suna tabbatar da ci gaba mai mahimmanci game da ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'ikan alkawurran amfani daban-daban da ake son amfani da su, tare da rikitattun halaye masu amfani na tattalin arziki, haɓaka ƙimar masarufi da kewayon iya daidaita yanayin yankin Russia.
Tare da matukar godiya cewa a lokacin da muke haɗin gwiwa tare da E.A. Simakov da abokan aikinsa, na sami damar shiga cikin marubucin game da kirkirar sabbin nau'ikan ra'ayoyi na Violet (2014), Fritella (2016), Gulliver (2019), Sineglazka (2019), Sadon (2019), da sauransu.
A lokaci guda, babban ƙoƙarina a lokacin an mayar da hankali kan ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin samar da iri. Yankunan binciken da suka fi fifiko sune: haɓaka ingantattun fasahohi don samowa tare da sanya micropropagation na ainihin kayan in vitro da ƙirƙirar Bankin ingantaccen dankalin turawa (BZSK) (tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da EV Oves da sauran abokan aiki). An ba da hankali sosai ga ci gaban gargajiya da madadin fasahohi don haɓaka masu ƙaramin abu (aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da O. Khutinaev), haɓaka sabbin fasahohi na zamani don tallafawa kiwo, abin da ake kira pre-ire-iren (masu ba da gudummawar matasan da aka sauya zuwa Gwajin Jiha), da ci gaban samar da iri na asali da ingantaccen tsarin kula da inganci da takaddun shaida iri. dankali tare da hadin gwiwar V.N. Zeyruk (sashen kariya), A.I. Uskov, Yu.A. Varitsev (Ma'aikatar Biotechnology da Immunodiagnostics), S.M. Yurlova (dakin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyyar iri).
- Boris Vasilievich, bari ka sauka sakamakon su ne, ba shakka, da wuri. Amma har yanzu: kun yi nisa, kun cimma da yawa. Shin kun gamsu da sakamakon da kuka samu?
Akwai lokuta masu kyau da yawa masu wahala da yanayi a rayuwa da aiki. Amma a cikin danginmu ba al'ada ba ce ta fusata Allah ko yin gunaguni game da kaddara.
Babban ƙa'idarmu mai tabbatar da rayuwa koyaushe ita ce taken: Kada ku yi sanyin gwiwa! Kada ku hukunta kowa! Kada ka cusa wa kowa rai! Kuma koyaushe ku girmama mutanen da muke hulɗa da su cikin girmamawa da girmamawa.
A yanzu haka, na ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga daraktan kamfanin A.G. Lorkh "Sergey Valentinovich Zhevora, da kuma shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje na gano nau'ikan halittu kuma shine malamin kimiyya na abokan aiki na matasa Sergei Zebrin da Irina Gracheva, tare da su tare muke aiwatar da kimantawa game da bambancin asalin halittar da kuma wasu alamun ingancin kayan asalin asalin ta hanyar tsarin sarrafa ƙasa na masu noman ƙaramin abu, 1st tsaran filin daga minitubers, super-super-fitattu kan sabbin nau'ikan kyawawan halaye, waɗanda aka kirkira a cikin cibiyar kiwo ta VNIIKH.
Ina da kwarin gwiwa game da makomar noman dankalinmu na Rasha kuma ina fatan cewa aikina kan al'adun dankalin turawa bai wuce ba tare da wata alama ba.