Soltan Basiev, Jami'ar Agrarian ta Jihar Gorsky
Domin nau'in dankalin turawa ya kasance cikin buƙata tsakanin manoma na Arewacin Caucasian Federal District, dole ne ya kasance da wuri game da ripening, kantin sayar da kayan abinci don manufarsa, mai tsayayya da nematode na zinariya kuma yana da farin nama. Koyaya, wannan saitin halayen, ba shakka, ba cikakke ba ne kuma ba na duniya bane ga yanki wanda ya haɗa da yankuna masu yanayi daban-daban na yanayi da yanayi. Kara karantawa game da wannan a cikin hira da Soltan Basiev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Farfesa, Shugaban Sashen Noma, Shuka Shuka, Kiwo da Girman iri, Faculty of Agronomy, Gorsky State Agrarian University, Jamhuriyar Arewa Ossetia-Alania.
Jami'ar Gorsky Agrarian tana aiki a kan zaɓi da samar da iri na dankali kusan shekaru 13, wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci ne, idan aka ba da hakan.
samun iri ɗaya yana ɗaukar matsakaicin shekaru 12-15. Ayyukan masu shayarwa sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'o'in nau'i mai girma da kuma hybrids. Amincewa da sabbin samfura yana faruwa akan filayen Zolsky Potato LLC. Masana kimiyya kuma suna tsunduma cikin samar da microplants da minitubers na nasu irin dankali. Ana shuka kananan tubers a cikin tsabtataccen yanayin phytosanitary na yankin tsaunuka na Jamhuriyar Arewa Ossetia
- Alanya, a tsayin mita 1400 sama da matakin teku. A nan ne tarin gandun daji na jami'a, wanda ke tsiro fiye da 100 nau'in dankalin turawa na gida da na waje. Jami'ar na gudanar da aiki a kan shuka kananan shuke-shuken dankalin turawa a cikin nata rukunin agro-biotechnological.
HANYOYIN KIWON DANKUNAN
Mafi mahimmancin halayen dankalin turawa shine lokacin girma. A kan yankin Arewacin Caucasian Federal District, ana buƙatar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan nau'in, duk ya dogara da takamaiman yankin namo. Alal misali, a Arewacin Ossetia, za ku iya girma da wuri, da matsakaici da wuri, da matsakaici, har ma da marigayi irin dankali. A cikin tsaunin Arewacin Caucasus - a Kabardino-Balkaria, sassan Karachay-Cherkessia, Ingushetia, Chechnya - manoma suna samun girbi mai kyau na ƙarshen iri. Kuma a Dagestan, yanayin ya fi bushewa, don haka kawai nau'ikan farko ne kawai ke dacewa a can.
Gabaɗaya, masu shayarwa da ke aiki akan haɓaka nau'ikan nau'ikan na Arewacin Caucasus suna ba da fifiko ga nau'ikan farko (tun da yawancin
wani ɓangare na yankuna yana yiwuwa a sami amfanin gona guda biyu na dankali).
Babban mahimmanci na gaba na iri-iri shine juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban. A duk duniya cutar da ta fi hatsari ga dankali
An gane cutar marigayi. Hakanan zai iya haifar da babbar illa ga tattalin arzikin Arewacin Caucasus. Har ila yau, dankalin turawa a yankinmu yana fama da rhizoctonia, cututtuka na asalin fungal (scab na kowa, powdery, fusarium, da dai sauransu), cututtuka na hoto,
wanda kuma ya kamata masu kiwon dabbobi su yi la’akari da su. Yanzu, juriya ga nematode na zinariya yana ƙara zama mahimmanci, saboda yawancin filayen suna kamuwa da wannan kwaro.
Kada mu manta cewa an raba iri bisa ga manufa.
Babban burin aikin Gorsky SAU masu shayarwa shine nau'in tebur, amma muna kuma ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar nau'ikan don sarrafawa. Ya yi da wuri don yin magana game da sakamako a cikin wannan hanya, amma na tabbata cewa idan akwai dama da mutanen da suke son yin wannan, duk abin da zai yiwu.
Bugu da ƙari, dacewa don ajiya na dogon lokaci, yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma, ba shakka, gabatar da tubers suna da mahimmanci ga nasarar iri-iri.
A Arewacin Ossetia, alal misali, nau'ikan da ke da naman rawaya ba a buƙata. Ina tsammanin babban dalilin shine Ossetian pies.
tare da dankali, wanda farin cika ya fi kyau. Kodayake dankali mai launin rawaya ya fi koshin lafiya, suna da ƙarin carotenoids, abubuwan gina jiki, amma da yawa ba su sani ba game da shi.
Fasali
Akwai nau'ikan iri ɗaya kawai da aka haɗa a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Nasarar Kiwo a cikin fayil ɗin masu shayarwa na Jami'ar Agrarian ta Jihar Gorsky - Ossetian.
Wannan shi ne tsakiyar farkon iri-iri don amfanin tebur. Ya bambanta a cikin kyakkyawan dandano, babban ƙimar kasuwa da kiyaye inganci.
Resistance zuwa causative wakili na dankalin turawa ciwon daji, zinariya dankalin turawa cyst nematode, wrinkled, banded mosaics da leaf curl.
Wani iri-iri - Farn (da nisa daga Ossetian - zaman lafiya, wadata, yalwa, farin ciki) - yana fuskantar gwaji iri-iri na shekara ta biyu. Mun samu
yana da kyakkyawan bita, amma ya yi wuri don taƙaita sakamakon. A cikin 2023, muna shirin ƙaddamar da nau'in nau'i na uku don gwaji iri-iri, har yanzu ba ta da suna. Na lura cewa wannan nau'in, kamar Farn, an ƙirƙira shi azaman ɓangare na FSTP.
Jami'ar Agrarian ta Jihar Gorsky ita ce mai aiwatar da hadadden aikin kimiyya da fasaha "Samar da ingantaccen nau'in dankalin turawa iri iri na gida a cikin yanayin da ba shi da kwayar cuta na yankin tsaunuka na Jamhuriyar Kabardino-Balkarian", abokin cinikin wanda Kamfanin Zolsky Potato LLC ne. Ana aiwatar da aikin a cikin tsarin ƙaramin shirin "Haɓaka zaɓi da samar da iri
dankali a cikin Tarayyar Rasha” na Shirin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Tarayya don Haɓaka Noma na 2017-2025.