Mataimakin Ministan Noma Elena Fastova ya yi magana game da manyan canje-canje a cikin tsarin tallafi na jihohi ga bangaren aikin gona a cikin wata hira da Rossiyskaya Gazeta.
Da farko dai adadin tallafin da jihar ke baiwa fannin noma a bana bai kai na bara. Nawa kuka kara? Nawa ne na jimlar adadin da aka kashe wajen shuka?
Elena Fastova: Kasafin kudin farko na 2023 shine 445,8 biliyan rubles. Har zuwa yau, mun sami damar ƙara adadin da kusan 26,7 biliyan rubles - har zuwa 472,5 biliyan rubles. Don haka, a cikin kwata na farko mun ƙara kuɗi don jigilar kayan aikin gona - 4 biliyan rubles. Yin la'akari da halin da ake ciki tare da farashin hatsi, mun ƙara adadin adadin da aka tsara na 10 biliyan rubles na tallafi. Haɓaka abubuwan ƙarfafawa na gargajiya da tallafin ramawa ya kai kusan 5,5 biliyan rubles idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata. Wato kudaden an fi yin su ne don tallafawa masu noma kai tsaye. Dangane da lokacin shuka, a halin yanzu, manoma sun ware kusan ruble biliyan 12 don biyan kuɗin takin ma'adinai.
Shin iyakokin da aka ware akan lamunin fifiko zai isa ga manoma? Me aka fi kashewa a kai?
Elena Fastova: Lamunin da aka fi so sune mafi mashahuri ma'aunin tallafi. Kowace shekara muna ƙara iyaka akan su. Amma duk da haka, masu noma suna cikin damuwa cewa ba za su sami isassun kuɗin da aka ware musu ba. Idan aka kwatanta da lokaci guda a cikin 2022, har yanzu muna cikin waɗannan iyakokin. An ware 19 biliyan rubles don rance na gajeren lokaci. A zahiri a cikin watan Mayu mun ƙara adadin kuɗin wannan yanki, saboda masu noma da sauri sun karɓi kuɗin da aka ware tun farko. Har ila yau, ana amfani da lamuni don ayyukan zuba jarurruka a wannan shekara: idan shekarar da ta gabata an ware musu biliyan 2,8 na tallafin tallafi a duk tsawon lokacin, to wannan shekara - riga 5,5 biliyan rubles. Mun fahimci cewa irin wannan tallafin yana da matukar mahimmanci, saboda haka, yayin da aka saki tallafin da ba a ba da izini ba, nan da nan muna ƙara adadin sabbin lamuni. Muna sa ran za mu sami damar ƙara iyaka yayin yaƙin girbi.
Ana kashe lamuni (41%) akan noman amfanin gona. A cikin rancen zuba jari a wannan shekara, buƙatar kuɗin kuɗi don ayyukan da suka shafi sarrafa kayayyakin amfanin gona ya karu sosai. Kuma wannan yana da kyau, saboda muna buƙatar haɓaka ƙimar da aka ƙara a cikin wannan sashin.
Wadanne matakan tallafi za a iya la'akari da cewa ba su da farin jini a tsakanin manoma? Za ku soke su? Kuma, akasin haka, wane tallafi za ku gabatar?
Elena Fastova: Ba mu da wasu matakan tallafi da ba a yarda da su ba: aiwatar da kasafin kuɗi na shekara-shekara shine 99,9%. Amma ana shirin sauye-sauye. Yanzu akwai tallafi guda biyu - ƙarfafawa da ramawa. Mahimmanci, ra'ayin da ke tattare da tallafin ƙarfafawa shine ƙara yawan samarwa. Amma a yau a zahiri mun sami wadatar abinci a kowane fanni, kuma a wasu mun wuce shi. Don haka, an yanke shawarar cewa daga shekara mai zuwa za mu haɗu da waɗannan tallafin guda biyu, tare da cire abubuwan ƙarfafawa. Ayyukanmu shine adanawa da tallafawa samarwa, kuma ba ƙarfafa shi ba.
A bara, farashin noma ya karu sosai. Har yaushe tallafin gwamnati zai rama wannan ci gaban?
Elena Fastova: Babban aikinmu ba wai don rama farashin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ba ne, amma don kula da samar da noma. Amma kuna iya ƙididdige abin da rabon tallafin jihar ya kasance cikin tsarin farashi. Ya bambanta dangane da masana'antu. Ana samun mafi girman diyya a cikin noman kiwo, da kuma kiwon akuya da tumaki - 8,7%. Kuma, alal misali, a cikin samar da kayan lambu, ramuwa ba haka ba ne - a cikin 3%.
A wannan shekara, an riga an ware 472,5 biliyan rubles don tallafawa rukunin masana'antu - 26,7 biliyan rubles fiye da yadda aka tsara tun farko.
Kwanan nan, tallafin da ake bayarwa na jigilar kayayyakin amfanin gona ya karu. Wanene zai sami wannan kuɗin? Shin akwai wani shiri don sake duba wannan abin kashe kuɗi?
Elena Fastova: Dangane da cewa an samu karuwar farashin sufuri, kuma muna bukatar fitar da hatsi daga yawan amfanin gona na shekarar 2022, mun kara adadin kudaden da ake fitar da hatsi daga biliyan 7 zuwa ruble biliyan 11. Wannan tallafin yana karɓar kai tsaye daga masu noma. Ya kai kashi 25% na kashe kuɗi don kowane nau'in sufuri - titin jirgin ƙasa, teku, kogi, hanya. Har ila yau, akwai tallafin sufurin jiragen kasa na Rasha - an biya kamfanin 100%, kuma masu sana'a na noma suna jin dadin kuɗin da aka fi so don safarar hatsi, hatsi, samfurori da aka sarrafa sosai da kifi. A nan mun kuma ƙara tallafi daga farkon da aka tsara na biliyan 2,3 zuwa 6,3 rubles.
Tun daga wannan shekara, ƙananan 'yan kasuwa da masu sana'a na kansu za su iya samun tallafin gwamnati don noman kayan lambu da dankali. Shin wannan matakin tallafin yana buƙata?
Elena Fastova: An ware rubles biliyan 2023 don sabon shirin don haɓaka kayan lambu da dankalin turawa a cikin 5. Wannan ya ninka fiye da yadda aka ware a wannan yanki a 2022. A wannan shekara, a karon farko, filaye na sirri na sirri da ƙananan gonaki na iya samun irin wannan tallafin. Har zuwa yau, an ware 170 miliyan rubles a ƙarƙashin shirin. Amma ana biyan kuɗin da ake kashewa, kuma yanzu an rufe su a cikin kayan lambu. Saboda haka, za mu ga cikakken hoto (ciki har da nawa kashi na wannan adadin da aka dauka ta hanyar masu zaman kansu da ƙananan nau'i) a cikin kwata na uku. Na tabbata cewa wannan matakin na tallafi zai kasance cikin buƙata.
Shekara daya da ta wuce, mun gaya muku cewa kasa da kashi 10% na kayan amfanin gona a kasar nan suna da inshora. Me ya canza tun lokacin? Me yasa ba a bukatar shirin inshorar noma tsakanin manoma?
Elena Fastova: Mun fara daga ƙananan tushe - a cikin 2018 kusan babu inshorar noma. Kuma mun ƙare 2022 da 8,6%. Don haka akwai girma. Tun daga shekarar 2019, mun karu a kowace shekara da kashi 1 cikin dari a fannin aikin gona da ke da inshora. A waccan shekarar mun gabatar da sabon nau'in inshora - game da abubuwan gaggawa, wanda kuma ya haɓaka ɗaukar hoto.
Akwai dalilai guda biyu na rashin farin jinin inshorar noma. A baya can, masu samar da aikin noma suna da mummunar kwarewa: idan sun ba da inshora amfanin gona, sau da yawa ba su sami ramuwa ba. Saboda haka, yanzu yana da wuya a gamsar da su cewa lamarin ya canza. Kuma dalili na biyu shine watakila Rasharmu, lokacin da ba ku so ku kashe kuɗi a cikin bege cewa zai wuce. Duk da haka, muna da yankuna da suka ba da inshora fiye da 50% na acreage. Waɗannan su ne yankin Tambov, Trans-Baikal Territory, Primorye. Sun gane cewa ba tare da inshora ba za ku iya rasa dukan girbin ku ba tare da samun wani diyya ba.
A cikin noman dabbobi, sakamakon yana da kyakkyawan fata - a matsakaici a Rasha, 40% na dabbobi yana da inshora. Kuma akwai yankunan da wannan adadi ya kusanto 100%. Masu kiwon dabbobi sun riga sun fuskanci cewa an biya asarar hasara, babu abin tsoro, don haka suna zuwa inshora. Na yi imani cewa juyi kuma ya faru a cikin inshorar amfanin gona. Dangane da hasashen mu, a cikin 2023 za mu wuce matakin 9,5% na wuraren da aka shuka insured, kuma a shekara mai zuwa za mu kusanci 10%.
Ta yaya shigo da musanya software na kasashen waje ke faruwa?
Elena Fastova: Shekara guda da ta wuce, an kafa kwamitin masana’antu da cibiyoyin kula da noman noma da kiwo da sarrafa su guda uku, kuma a shekarar 2023, cibiyar ta hudu ta bayyana. Ayyukan su shine haskaka waɗannan samfuran software waɗanda a halin yanzu ana shigo da su kawai kuma suna buƙatar sauyawa. An riga an zabo muhimman ayyuka guda shida tare da amincewa da hukumar gwamnati, guda biyu a kowane bangare. Daga cikin wadannan, uku sun riga sun fara aiki, biyu sun karbi tallafin gwamnati. Aikin yana gudana, kuma kasuwanci yana da hannu sosai a ciki.