An gabatar da sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa, fasahohin kare tsire-tsire daga cututtuka da kwari a wani taron karawa juna sani da samar da kayayyaki a Cibiyar Binciken Noma da Noman Dankali ta Kudancin Ural (YUNIISK) a Chelyabinsk. Shugabanni da ma'aikatan cibiyar sun yi jawabi game da sabon sakamakon noman dankalin turawa.
Yin aiki Mataimakin Ministan Noma na farko na yankin Chelyabinsk Alexander Zavalishchin da Shugaban Ma'aikatar Shuka Shuka da Kananan Tsarin Gudanar da Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma na Yanki Yuri Zasypkin, sabon shugaban SUNIISK da aka nada - reshe na Cibiyar Nazarin Agrarian Tarayya ta Ural. Ural Branch na Rasha Academy of Sciences (Ural Agrarian Scientific Center) Nikolai Glaz, kazalika da wakilan maroki kamfanonin na shuka kariya kayayyakin, kimiyya cibiyoyin Sverdlovsk da Orenburg yankunan, agronomists na South Ural dankalin turawa-girma Enterprises.
Da yake bude taron karawa juna sani, Alexander Zavalishchin ya lura cewa a yau yankin Chelyabinsk ya samu nasara mai kyau wajen samar da kayayyakin kiwo, musamman kaji da naman alade - a cikin kididdigar yankunan Rasha, bi da bi, ya mamaye layi na biyu da na shida. Yankin ya kuma nuna sakamako mai kyau wajen sarrafa hatsi, da noman mai. Ana kuma noman dankali a cikin adadi mai yawa, duka a cikin kamfanoni na gama gari da kuma cikin gidaje.
- A cikin 2018, ƙungiyoyin dankalin turawa da gonaki ne kawai suka girma kuma suka girbe tan dubu 146 na dankali, - in ji mai yin aikin. Mataimakin minista na farko - a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, wannan wani babban girbi ne ga yankin. Daga cikin wannan juzu'in, ana fitar da tan dubu 40 na dankalin turawa don siyarwa a wajen yankin. Tare da haɓakar ƙarar kayan aiki, masana'antun suna fuskantar matsalar siyar da duk waɗannan samfuran. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu siye da sarƙoƙi masu siyarwa ba su gamsu da wani abu ba. Wajibi ne don nazarin yanayin kasuwa, buƙatun ciniki da yin aikace-aikacen ga masana kimiyya - don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan da ake buƙata akan kasuwa.
Shugaban cibiyar, dan takarar kimiyyar aikin gona, ya yi magana game da sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa a YUNIISK kuma ana gudanar da gwaji iri-iri na jihar a yau. Nikolay Glaz :
- Alƙawari mai ban sha'awa a gare mu shine ƙirƙirar nau'ikan da suka dace da sarrafa masana'antu. A halin yanzu, nau'in dankalin turawa na Zakhar yana fuskantar gwajin nau'ikan jihar kuma yana nuna kyakkyawan sakamako na farko. Muna fatan cewa bisa ga sakamakon gwajin 2020, za a raba wannan nau'in. Kashtak iri-iri dankalin turawa - nau'in m - an ƙaddamar da shi don gwajin jiha a cikin 2018.
A cikin 2019, ana shirya sabon nau'in da ke da tsayayya da cutar kansa da nematodes don canja wurin zuwa binciken iri-iri na jihar, a ƙarƙashin taken aiki "Albatross". Wannan nau'in yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa na ton 50 a kowace hectare, abun ciki na sitaci - 18 bisa dari, dandano mai kyau. Babban ƙimar juriya na cuta, da ingantaccen ingancin kiyayewa yayin ajiya.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin kiwo na zamani shine ƙirƙirar nau'in nau'in tubers masu launi, - Nikolay Glaz ya ci gaba. - Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan samfuran ana shirin ƙaddamar da shi don gwaji nan gaba kaɗan. Nasarorin da cibiyar ta samu a cikin noman dankalin turawa, sun jawo sha'awa sosai a tsakanin al'ummar yankin Chelyabinsk. Masu amfani sun yaba da babban dandano na mu iri. Kula da ingantaccen iri na tubers na dankalin turawa ana tabbatar da shi ta hanyar warkar da meristem da samar da iri na asali.
Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka yi amfani da su a YUKNIISK a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma suna fuskantar gwaji iri-iri na jihar, yana da daraja ambaton Kuzovok, Braslet, Kavaler, Itzil. Ana sayar da waɗannan nau'ikan a matsayin masu jure cututtuka kuma an kiyaye su da kyau.
A yau masana'antun dankalin turawa, galibi suna girma dankali na nau'in Nevsky - fiye da rabin tsarin dashen masana'antu a cikin yankin Chelyabinsk - hectare 1549. Ire-iren da YUNIISK ya haifa sun mamaye mafi girman kaso - nau'in Tarasov - kadada 22, nau'in Spiridon - kawai kadada 5. Adadin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ake girma a yau a cikin yankin Chelyabinsk shine 25, wanda nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyar ne kawai aka keɓe don noma a Kudancin Urals. Baya ga Nevsky, mafi yawan shuke-shuken suna shagaltar da nau'ikan Romano da Rosara, na zaɓin Dutch da Jamus, bi da bi.
Gaskiyar cewa ya zama dole a kara yawan noman dankalin turawa, a cikin jawabinsa shugaban sashen kula da shuka da kananan nau'in noma na ma'aikatar noma ta yankin Yuri Zasypkin. Ya lura cewa a shekarar da ta gabata an sake tsara Cibiyar Noma ta Kudancin Ural na Noma da Noman Dankali ta hanyar shiga Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ural Agrarian a matsayin reshe kuma, dangane da haka, an sami sabon ci gaba don ci gaba.
Yuri Zasypkin ya ce "Bisa ga ma'aunin hasashen, kusan tan dubu 2019 na dankali za a noma a cikin masana'antar noma a shekarar 120." - Wannan juzu'i ya isa ya samar da yanayin zamantakewa da kuma yawan al'ummar yankin, la'akari da kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su. An fi mayar da hankali kan noman dankalin turawa a yankunan da ke kusa da Chelyabinsk - waɗannan su ne gundumomin Argayashsky, Sosnovsky da Krasnoarmeysky. Suna da fiye da kashi 75% na yawan noman dankalin turawa a yankin. Stably manyan yankunan karkashin dankali a cikin AO SCHP "Krasnoarmeyskoye" (400 kadada), AO "Chernovskoy" (400 kadada), KFH Mursalov - (270 hectares), JSC "Sovkhoz Akbashevsky" (250 kadada). Yankin dashen dankalin turawa mafi girma yana cikin gonar Makhmadov - fiye da kadada 600; wannan gona kuma abokin tarayya ne na cibiyar noman dankalin turawa a yau.
Yuri Zasypkin ya shaida wa mahalarta taron karawa juna sani dalla-dalla game da tallafin da jihar ke samu na kamfanonin da ke noman dankalin turawa. Masu noman dankalin turawa na iya yin amfani da tallafin da ba su da alaƙa: a cikin hanyar shuka dankalin iri da kayan lambu na buɗe ido a cikin kasafin kuɗi na yanki a cikin 2019, an ba da 23 miliyan rubles, a cikin hanyar shuka dankalin abinci da albarkatun mai - miliyan 35. Don tallafawa noman iri-iri - 101 miliyan rubles. Bugu da ƙari, kasafin kuɗi yana ba da tallafin jihohi don siyan kayan aikin gona a cikin adadin shekara-shekara na 200 miliyan rubles, tallafin gina wuraren aikin gona, alal misali, wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa, a cikin adadin 115 miliyan rubles. Jimlar tallafin jihar don siyan takin ma'adinai shine miliyan 40 rubles, don dawo da ƙasar noma zuwa wurare dabam dabam na aikin gona - 30 miliyan rubles.
A yayin taron karawa juna sani, an gabatar da muhimmin batu na kare dankali daga cututtuka daban-daban: marigayi blight, nematodes, Alternaria da sauransu. Lyudmila Kuznetsova, wakilin yankin na kamfanin a yankin Chelyabinsk, ya ba da rahoto game da shirye-shiryen Bayer da ke tsayayya da cututtuka. Ta yi magana game da fungicides da ke da tasiri a kan dukkanin cututtukan dankalin turawa, da kuma ciyawa.
Ksenia Vanina, shugabar sashen kare tsirrai na reshe na Cibiyar Kasafin Kudi ta Tarayya "Rosselkhoztsentr" a yankin Chelyabinsk, ta shaida wa mahalarta taron karawa juna sani game da yanayin shuka dankalin turawa a Kudancin Urals a cikin 2019. Daga cikin masu magana har da mataimakin shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta Ural (Yekaterinburg), dan takarar kimiyyar aikin gona Alexander Shanin.
Ya yi magana game da halin da ake ciki tare da kiwo dankali a cikin Ural Federal District da kuma a Rasha gaba daya. Shugaban sashen noman dankalin turawa na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Tarayya don Tsarin Halittu da Fasahar Noma na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha, Doctor of Agriculture Alexander Mushinsky, ya shaida wa masu sauraro game da sakamakon gwajin nau'in dankalin turawa na zaɓin YUNIISK a cikin yankin steppe na yankin Orenburg.
A cikin tsarin taron, mahalarta taron sun ziyarci filaye na gwaji a fagagen YUNIISK, inda suka yi nazari kan shuka na gwaji na nau'in dankalin turawa da kuma dandanon abincin da aka shirya daga wadannan dankalin.
Latsa cibiyar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona
Chelyabinsk yankin