Yanki: 60 sq. M. km
Yawan jama'a: 643,3 mutane dubu, wanda 72,2% mazauna birni ne.
Matsayi na yanki: a kudu yana iyaka da yankin Ivanovo, a yamma - tare da yankin Yaroslavl, a arewa maso yamma da arewa - tare da yankin Vologda, a arewa maso gabas da gabas - tare da yankin Kirov, a kudu maso gabas - tare da yankin Nizhny Novgorod. .
Sauyin yanayi: nahiya mai tsananin zafi, tare da yanayin zafi mai zafi da sanyi, lokacin sanyi mai dusar ƙanƙara. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin Janairu shine -12 ° C, a cikin Yuli +18 ° C. Adadin hazo: 550-600 mm a kowace shekara (mafi yawa a lokacin rani). Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 110-140.
Taimako: Yankin yana tsakiyar yankin Gabashin Turai. A yamma, Galich-Chukhloma Upland ya tashi daga arewa zuwa kudu. Ƙwayoyin tsaunuka na Arewa suna shiga yankin arewa maso gabas, suna zama maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don raƙuman ruwa na Volga da Arewacin Dvina. Hakanan akwai wurare masu yawa a yankin: Kostroma, Unzhenskaya da Vetluzhskaya.
Kasar gona: Soddy-podzolic kasa mamaye, tare da haske da matsakaici loamy inji abun da ke ciki, halin da low halitta haihuwa: 68,4% na noma ƙasar da aka halin da low kuma low humus abun ciki. Matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin humus shine 1,9% (bayanai daga rubutun Shirin Jiha na Yankin Kostroma "Haɓaka Noma da Ka'idodin Kasuwanni don Kayayyakin Noma, Raw Materials da Abinci a Yankin Kostroma", 2018). Muhimman wurare na ƙasar suna cike da ruwa, da fadama, kuma cike da duwatsu. Wasu kasa suna da yawan acidic kuma suna buƙatar liming.
A cewar Rosreestr tun daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2019, filin noma shine kadada dubu 1964,5, wanda filin noma shine kadada dubu 859,8 (43,8%), filin noma shine kadada dubu 597,9.
Rukunin masana'antun noma na yankin Kostroma na daya daga cikin muhimman sassa na tattalin arzikin yankin. Noma a yankin ya kware wajen samar da amfanin gona da kiwo da na shanu. Kason da ake noman dabbobi a jimillar abin da masana'antu ke samarwa shine kashi 56%, kaso 44% na noman amfanin gona.
Dankali shine amfanin gona na gargajiya ga yankin, kodayake ba shine mafi yaduwa ba. Koyaya, a cewar Kostromastat, wadatar yankin a cikin dankali a cikin 2019 shine 97%.
Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin dankali (kimanin 87%) ana girma a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu. Amma tun daga shekarar 2014, ana samun ci gaba a yankin da ke karkashin dankali a bangaren masana'antu.
Sha'awar amfanin gona a tsakanin masu samar da noma ya sami tallafi daga sashen masana'antar agro-masana'antu na yankin Kostroma, yana gabatar da shirin maƙasudin sashen "Haɓaka samar da dankalin turawa da sarrafawa a yankin Kostroma na 2015-2017." Godiya ga wannan shirin, masu noman dankalin turawa za su iya samun tallafi daga kasafin kuɗi na yanki don mayar da wani ɓangare na kuɗin gini da sake gina wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa, sarrafawa da kuma tattara kayan aiki.
Adadin babban rasit shima ya karu gabaɗaya, kodayake a wasu shekaru sakamakon ƙarshe ya sami tasiri ta hanyar abubuwan waje, musamman yanayi.
Don haka, 2017 ya zama mai wahala, saboda ruwan sama, an fara kamfen ɗin girbi bayan makonni uku fiye da yadda aka saba, wanda ba zai iya shafar adadin girbin ba. Amma a cikin 2018, yanayi ya kasance a gefen masu noman dankalin turawa, kuma sun girbe rikodin rikodi na 38,5 ton dubu.
Babban nau'ikan da aka girma a yankin (bisa ga Ƙungiyar Dankali ta Tarayyar Rasha, 2018): Meteor, Impala, Sudarynya, Zhukovsky farkon, Nevsky, Red Scarlett, Udacha, Scarb, Pirol, Gala, Valiza, Vega, Merlot, Kibits , Adret-ta, Inara, Innovator, Wendy, Volat, Manifesto, Alvara, Safiya, Vectar Belarusian, Yanka, Damaris, Zhigulevsky, Breeze, Zorachka, Uladar, Zhuravinka, Lily Belarusian, Estrella, Delphine, Molly, Lyubava, Krepysh, Aurorara , Kyakkyawa, Blue, Nacra.
A cewar reshen Kostroma na Cibiyar Kasafin Kudi ta Jihar Tarayya Rosselkhoztsentr, gonaki 2019 a yankin na da hannu a yakin neman girbin dankalin turawa na 66.
Daga cikin manyan masu samar da dankalin turawa a yankin sune LLC Viva, JSC Zavolzhskoye (wannan kamfani kuma yana tsunduma cikin nazarin samfuran samfuran iri-iri da kuma samar da irin wannan albarkatu mai ban sha'awa da sabbin kayan amfanin gona kamar Urushalima artichoke), LLC Sushchevo, LLC Minskoye, LLC Mechta ", LLC "Kostromskoy Dankali", LLC "Agro-Profi", LLC "Susaninsky Nursery", SPK "Collective Farm Rodina".
SIRRIN SEED
Yankin Kostroma yanki ne da ke da dukkan karfin da za a iya samun nasarar samar da irin dankalin turawa.
Abubuwan amfani sun haɗa da: yanayi mai kyau (isasshen hazo, tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana, matsakaicin yanayin zafi a lokacin rani); in mun gwada da ƙananan cututtuka, rashin samar da manyan sikelin.
Makarantar koyon aikin gona ta jihar Kostroma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa noman irin dankalin turawa na asali a yankin. The Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, aiki a Sashen Agrochemistry, Biology da Shuka Kariya na KSAA, ƙware a cikin namo na microplants, greenhouse minitubers, kazalika da samar da iri dankali na farko filin tsara, super-super-elite. , fitattu. Ana sayar da kayan iri zuwa gonaki na yanki (Susaninsky Nursery LLC, Agro-Profi LLC) don haɓaka haɓaka, kuma ana aika wa abokan ciniki daga sauran yankuna na Rasha (sayar da labarin ƙasa: daga Arkhangelsk zuwa Krasnodar). A kowace shekara dakin gwaje-gwaje na samar da kimanin minti 150 na nau'in dankalin turawa na gida da na waje.
Tun shekara ta 2015, wani dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka amince da shi don gano cututtukan dankalin turawa ya fara aiki a kan reshe na Hukumar Kasafin Kudi ta Tarayya "Rosselkhozcenter" a yankin Kostroma, wanda ya kasance sakamakon babban kokarin da shugaban reshen E.N. Shaharova. Tun daga shekarar 2018, wannan reshe kuma yana tantance samfuran dankalin turawa iri daga yankuna daban-daban na Rasha ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kula da ƙasa. A cikin 2019, reshen ya shirya aikin samar da mintubers na greenhouse.
Kamfanonin noma 13 ne suka tsunduma cikin samar da dankalin turawa iri iri a yankin. Yawancin gonakin suna cikin gundumomin Kostroma, Susaninsky da Nerekhta.
LLC "Susaninsky gandun daji"
Susaninsky gundumar Head - Fedor Fedorovich Puzdrya
Tun shekarar 2012 ne gonar ta fara noman irin dankalin turawa. Located in a sosai m phytosanitary zone. Kowace shekara, kasuwancin yana gwada sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan dankali da nau'ikan dankalin turawa (a cikin 2019, kusan nau'ikan 100 da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 50 na cibiyoyi na gida an haɓaka su kuma an yi karatu a cikin filayen Susaninsky Nursery). Tun 2014, an haɗa shi a cikin Rajista na masana'antar shuka iri na yankin Kostroma don dankali.
Kamfanin a kai a kai yana shirya tarukan karawa juna sani ga kwararru daga masana'antun aikin gona na musamman don musanya kwarewa da tantance sakamakon gwaji.
LLC "Agro-Profi"
Shugaban yankin Kostroma - Sergey Kirillovich Bekin
An kafa kamfanin a cikin 2006. Babban wuraren aiki shine: gwada nau'ikan dankalin turawa masu albarka na zaɓi na gida da na waje; samar da iri da dankalin abinci, da kuma kayan lambu. A cikin 2014, Agro-Profi LLC ya fara babban-sikelin aiki don tsara asali da kuma ƙara matakin Elite iri samar (a cikin mafi m phytosanitary yankin a cikin Nerekhta yankin, tun bisa ga m bukatun ga iri samar da amfanin gona, ya zama dole. don ware dashen dankalin turawa daga shuka abinci). Tun 2014, an haɗa shi a cikin Rajista na masana'antar shuka iri na yankin Kostroma don dankali.
A cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen jihar da ake da su, Susaninsky Nursery LLC da AgroProfi LLC suna samun tallafi mai kyau, don haka hukumomin yankin suna fatan kiyaye babban matakin samar da iri na dankalin turawa a cikin waɗannan kamfanoni.
TAFIYA
Horarwar kwararrun masu matsakaicin matsayi na bangaren aikin gona a yankin ana gudanar da shi ta OGBPOU "Galich Agrarian College of the Kostroma Region", OGBPOU "Sharya Agrarian College of the Kostroma Region", da dai sauransu.
Kuna iya samun ilimi mafi girma a cikin bayanan aikin gona a Kwalejin Aikin Noma ta Jihar Kostroma (Kostroma State Agricultural Academy) - cibiyar ilimin kasafin kudi na jihar tarayya na ilimi mai zurfi. Jami'ar tana ba da horo a fannoni shida: Agribusiness, Architectural and Civil Engineering, Magungunan Dabbobi da Kimiyyar Dabbobi, Injiniya da Fasaha,
Tattalin Arziki, Wutar Lantarki. A kan shekaru 70 na aiki, jami'a ta horar da game da 40 dubu kwararru.
GOYON BAYAN KIMIYYA GA MASANA'AR NAMA DA DANKUNAN
Taimakon kimiyya ga masana'antar noman dankalin turawa a yankin yana samuwa daga Cibiyar Aikin Noma ta Jihar Kostroma da Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta Kostroma. A nan gaba, za mu iya sa ran wani tsanani ƙarfafa irin wannan goyon baya, tun da tarayya hukumomin sun yanke shawarar haifar a kan tushen All-Rasha Research Institute of Dankali Farming mai suna bayan. A.G. Lorkha Federal Research Center (FRC) don Dankali, wanda ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa za ta haɗa da Cibiyar Nazarin Kostroma ta Aikin Noma a matsayin reshe na FRC don Dankali.
AH, DANKARANTA, DANKUNAN
Tun daga shekara ta 2013, yankin Kostroma ya shirya bikin girbi na shekara-shekara, babban halayen abin da, ba shakka, shine kullun ƙaunataccen dankalin turawa. Shirin bikin ya hada da gasa daban-daban (don mafi sabon abu kuma mafi girma dankalin turawa; ga mafi kyawun fasahar dankalin turawa; ga mafi ban sha'awa game da dankali, da dai sauransu), wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyoyin kiɗa, nunin dafa abinci da ingantaccen siyar da dankali da kayan lambu ga jama'a. .