Ludmila Dulskaya
Akwai yanayi mai wuyar gaske a kasuwar PPP: an dakatar da kayayyakin da aka shigo da su daga waje, farashin ya karu sosai idan aka kwatanta da bara, masu samar da kayayyaki suna buƙatar 100% kafin a biya. Menene yakamata manoma su shirya don a cikin waɗannan yanayi?
Don ƙarin bayani, mun juya zuwa Vladimir Alginin, Babban Darakta na Tarayyar Rasha na Masu Samar da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Tsirrai, da Dmitry Belov, Shugaban Sashen Haɓaka Samfura a Firma August JSC.
Nan da nan Vladimir Alginin ya bukaci da kada ya nuna halin da ake ciki kuma ya tunatar da cewa kashi 70% na yawan adadin kayan kariya na shuka da manoman Rasha ke amfani da su ana samarwa a Rasha. Daga cikin wadannan, 52% na kamfanonin cikin gida ne kuma 18% na kamfanonin kasashen waje ne suka samar da su a cikin yankin Tarayyar Rasha. Kusan kashi 30% na magungunan da ake shigo da su cikin kasarmu daga kasashen waje.
Kasuwar PPP tana cikin zazzabi
Dmitry Belov ya lura cewa canje-canje a cikin kasuwar kariyar kayan lambu ba a fara wannan shekara ba. “Cutar cutar ta haifar da karya sarƙoƙi. Wasu ci gaba da dama sun biyo baya, ciki har da, alal misali, gabatar da gagarumin takunkumi kan amfani da kwal da kasar Sin ta yi a shekarar 2021, wanda ya kai ga kafa kason amfani da wutar lantarki a masana'antun da dama. Farashi a kasuwar kayayyakin kariyar shuka ya fara girma har ma a lokacin, "in ji ƙwararren.
"Aikin soji na musamman, wanda ya fara a watan Fabrairun 2022, ya yi ƙarin gyare-gyare," in ji shugaban sashen haɓaka samfura na Firma August JSC. – Akwai matsaloli tare da samar da adjuvants daga Turai. Rabon da suke da shi a cikin jimillar adadin abubuwan da ake samarwa ba su da yawa, amma ana ba da abubuwa da yawa masu aiki ga Rasha daga China ta tashoshin jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen Turai - alal misali, Rotterdam (Netherland).
Dmitry Belov ya kira Maris 2022 a wata na tashin hankali: an dakatar da jigilar kayayyaki, farashin magunguna yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da canjin kuɗin Yuro, an saita kusan kusan wata ɗaya don samar da kayayyaki, wanda kuma ya shafi samar da gida. "Abin takaici, idan kamfanin masana'antu yana da ko da 90% na abubuwan da aka gyara, kuma 10% kawai ya ɓace, ba zai iya yin samfurin da aka gama ba," in ji masanin.
Ba za a yi karanci ba
Ba a sa ran dakatar da samar da kayayyakin kariya daga tsire-tsire ba, Vladimir Alginin ya tabbata.A cewar bayanin da Tarayyar Rasha na KhPPP Producers daga Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Turai ta samu, kamfanonin kasashen waje suna shirin cika wajibai na kasa da kasa na samar da kayayyakin kariya ga masu amfani. a cikin Tarayyar Rasha. Za a aika duk kundin da ake buƙata zuwa Rasha nan gaba kadan, ban da magungunan mutum ɗaya.
Babban Darakta na RSP KhPZR ya tabbata cewa ba za a sami karancin kayayyakin kariya na shuka ba a kasarmu a wannan shekara, tun lokacin da yawan samar da kayayyakin kariya na shuka a Rasha, idan aka kwatanta da 2021, zai karu, amma bukatar (a kan bangon baya). na manyan farashin) yana yiwuwa , zai ragu kaɗan.
A cewar Vladimir Alginin, kamfanonin da ke cikin Tarayyar Rasha na Masu Samar da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Sinadarai sun tsara siyan kayan aikin da ake buƙata a kan lokaci, kuma an samar da lokacin 2022 a farkon 2021. Kadan ne kawai daga cikin abubuwan da suka rage, wanda, saboda matsaloli tare da dabaru, an isar da su tare da jinkiri ta hanyar layin dogo na Trans-Siberian da tashar jiragen ruwa na Turai.
Masanin ya lura cewa yawancin kamfanonin sinadarai na ƙasa da ƙasa da ke aiki a cikin ƙasarmu ana ba su magunguna gabaɗayan 2022. Bugu da kari, wuraren samar da wadannan kamfanoni, godiya ga kokarin da Tarayyar Rasha na masu samar da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Tsirrai da Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Ciniki ta Tarayyar Rasha, ke kan yankin Rasha.
Shugaban sashen haɓaka samfura na Firma Avgust JSC gabaɗaya ya yarda da ƙwaƙƙwaran hasashen ci gaban halin da ake ciki, amma a ra'ayinsa, akwai yuwuwar maye gurbin magungunan kowane mutum har yanzu. Alal misali, akwai matsaloli tare da shigarwa na glyphosate da diquat cikin Rasha. Musamman diquat.
Babban matsalar, a cewar Dmitry Belov, ita ce. cewa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata an cire glyphosate daga jerin magungunan da za a iya amfani da su don desiccation. Kamfanonin noma gaba daya sun koma diquat, kuma akwai bukatar manyan kundila a kasuwa. A cewar masanin, maganin wannan batu ya dogara ne akan Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tarayyar Rasha. Dmitry Belov ya yi imanin cewa, "Yana yiwuwa a sanya takunkumi kan dokokin da aka amince da su a baya, za a gabatar da rangwamen wucin gadi - wannan al'ada ce ta duniya," in ji Dmitry Belov. "Alal misali, a Amurka, a lokuta da aka lura da yawan mamaye kwaro, an ba da izinin yin amfani da maganin kashe kwari na wucin gadi, wanda a baya an hana shi, na shekara ɗaya ko biyu." Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararren ya tuna, diquat yana da madadin a cikin nau'i na carfentrazone da glufosinate.
A nan gaba, ƙwararren yana sa ran samun ci gaba a hankali a cikin halin da ake ciki, ya jaddada cewa kamfanoni masu sana'a na cikin gida suna ci gaba da nema da siyan abubuwa masu aiki kuma za su yi ƙoƙari su samar da masu aikin noma tare da desiccats a rabin na biyu na kakar girma.
Hasashen farashin
Amma koma ga farashin. A farkon watan Maris, lokacin da farashin musaya ya karu sosai, an samu karuwar farashin kayayyakin kariyar shuka daga kashi 40 zuwa 70 na wasu kayayyaki. Akwai wasu samfuran da suka ninka farashin. Ga masu samar da noma waɗanda ba su da lokacin siyan magunguna don kakar wasa, wannan abin mamaki ne mara daɗi.
Ya kamata a lura cewa farashin kayayyakin kariyar shuka ya riga ya yi girma fiye da bara.
Vladimir Alginin yana ganin dalilin farko na haɓakar farashin kayan kariya na shuka a cikin hauhawar farashin kayan abinci masu aiki. A cewarsa, tun daga Oktoba 2021, masana'antun cikin gida na kayan kariya suna cikin babban tasiri har ma da matsin lamba daga hauhawar farashin kayan abinci masu aiki (duk AI an shigo da su 100%). "Akwai dogaro kai tsaye na farashin magungunan gida akan farashin kayan aiki da China ta tsara. Don samfuran mutum ɗaya, sun karu sau biyu ko sau uku, wanda ya haɓaka farashin kayayyakin kariyar shuka da aka samar a Rasha, - in ji babban darektan RSP HSZR.
Haɓaka dala kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mummunan abu, tun da ana siyan duk abubuwa masu aiki don kuɗin waje. "Avgust Firm JSC, alal misali, yanzu an tilasta wa siyan kayan aiki masu aiki a cikin 100% kafin lokaci a cikin kudin waje," in ji Alginin, "a baya zai iya amfani da jinkiri wajen samar da kayan aiki, kuma a lokaci guda yana da damar da za ta iya. bayar da jinkiri ga abokan cinikin sa. Amma a halin da ake ciki yanzu, abin yana kara wahala”.
Masana suna cikin haɗin kai: idan farashin kayan aiki masu aiki sun fara tashi a tsakanin masu samar da kayayyaki, masana'antun Rasha za su tilasta su amsa wannan ta wata hanya ko wata, in ba haka ba ba za su iya samar da samfurori masu dacewa ba.
Yanzu farashin musayar ruble ya daidaita, hanyoyin musayar yuan kuma. Canje-canjen farashin har yanzu yana yiwuwa, ko da raguwar 15-20% ba a cire shi ba. Amma, masana sun kammala, ba shakka ba za a sake komawa matakin da ya gabata ba.
Me yakamata manoma suyi?
"Aiki cikin nutsuwa," in ji Vladimir Alginin. – Shuka, girma, taki, kare amfanin gona da samar da kayayyakin da suma suka yi tsada. Kamfanonin noma suna da kowace dama da zarafi don ci gaba da samun riba.” Kuma babu buƙatar jin tsoron ƙarancin: "A yau babu irin waɗannan kwayoyi waɗanda ba za a iya maye gurbinsu da wasu ba."
Bugu da ƙari, a mafi yawan lokuta, rashin wasu kudade a kasuwa wani lamari ne na wucin gadi wanda ya haifar da buƙatu na gaggawa. “Wasu ma’adanin jiragen ruwa ma sun ƙare saboda ana yin ajiyar kuɗi. Manoma suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da kansu kuma, idan zai yiwu, suna siyan kayayyaki tare da ragi na tsawon lokacin kakar, kuma galibi kuma don faɗuwa, ”in ji masanin.
Abubuwan da za a yi don kakar 2023
An shirya wannan kayan ne a daidai lokacin da aka fara kamfen ɗin shuka a ƙasar. Amma masana'antun Rasha na samfuran kariyar shuka sun riga sun shirya don lokacin 2023.
"Yanzu mun tsunduma cikin sayan abubuwa masu aiki da kayan aiki don lokacin shuka na gaba," in ji Dmitry Belov, "Masana kimiyyar mu suna aiki don ƙirƙirar magungunan da suka fi dacewa waɗanda ke da inshora daga kayan aiki da sauran haɗari. Abin da zai faru da kayayyaki daga ketare bai bayyana ba tukuna."
Masanin ya lura cewa kamfanin "Agusta" yana da isasshen ƙarfin samarwa don samarwa da samarwa ga kasuwannin Rasha kusan dukkanin adadin da ake buƙata na kayan kariya na shuka. Amma yana da wuya a sayi kayan aiki masu aiki don samar da samfuran kariya na shuka a kan sikelin duniya - wannan matakin yana buƙatar manyan saka hannun jari kuma har yanzu ana tattaunawa. "A nan gaba kadan, za a yanke shawara inda za mu yi kokarin rage kasadar rashin samar da kayayyakin kariya ga manoman Rasha na yanayi masu zuwa kamar yadda ya kamata," in ji shi.
Manoma kuma suna tunani ba kawai game da yanzu ba, har ma game da makomar gaba.
A cewar kungiyar masu kera kayayyakin kare shukar sinadarai a kasar Rasha, a halin yanzu kamfanoni na cikin gida sun himmatu wajen kulla kwangiloli na samar da magunguna ga abokan huldar kasar Rasha, kuma ya zuwa yanzu wannan tsari yana ci gaba da tafiya kusan daidai da na bara. "Alal misali, JSC Firma Agusta ya riga ya yi kwangilar 74% na yawan adadin da aka tsara," Vladimir Alginin yayi sharhi. A cewar masanin, wannan sakamakon ya samu ne sakamakon hadin gwiwar da aka samu a tsawon shekarun da suka gabata na hadin gwiwa tsakanin masu samar da CPPP na Rasha da kamfanonin noma. Ya kara da kara fata kan wadannan alakar. "Ya kasance yana da mahimmanci inda ya fi arha. Yanzu yana da mahimmanci don ƙarfafa dangantaka don adana abin da duk muka yi nasarar cim ma. Ba za ku iya yin watsi da fasaha ba. Idan tanadin ya haifar da asarar amfanin gona, duk kasuwancin na iya zuwa ƙasa. Wajibi ne a adana fasahohi zuwa iyakar kuma ku kasance cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da amintattun abokan tarayya, ”in ji babban darektan RSP HSZR.
Wataƙila, a ƙarƙashin yanayin halin yanzu, wannan ita ce ainihin hanyar samun nasara.
K S