Masu bincike daga kasar Sin da Jamus sun yi watsi da kwayar halittar dankalin turawa a karon farko, in ji rahoton TASS. Wannan ya taimaka musu su bayyana tarihin juyin halitta na wannan shuka da kuma haskaka mahimman yankuna na DNA da ke da alaƙa da girma da juriya na cututtuka. Bayani game da wannan an buga ta sabis na manema labarai na Cibiyar Kiwon Tsirrai ta Jamus (IPZ).
"Tsarin kwayoyin halittar dankalin turawa zai ba mu damar ƙaddamar da shirye-shiryen kiwo masu girma waɗanda za su haifar da sababbin nau'o'in da ke da girma kuma suna da tsayayya ga dumamar yanayi, wanda zai zama mahimmanci a cikin shekaru masu zuwa," in ji IPZ Farfesa Korbinian Schneeberger.
Yawancin cututtuka na fungal da na kwayan cuta suna tsoma baki tare da noman dankalin turawa, da kuma kwari iri-iri kamar Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro da nematodes. Masana kimiyya da masu kiwon kiwo suna ƙoƙarin yaƙar su ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa na al'ada da na halitta.
Farfesa Schneeberger da takwarorinsa sun fito da wata hanyar da za ta magance wannan matsala a wani gagarumin aiki da ke da nufin tsara tsarin halittar dankalin turawa gaba daya. A da, masana kimiyya sun riga sun yi ƙoƙarin samun wannan bayanin, amma wannan ya sami cikas saboda tsarin tsarin halittar dankalin turawa - ya ƙunshi nau'i nau'i guda hudu na chromosomes masu dauke da adadi mai yawa.
Sabbin fasahohin bin diddigin DNA da algorithms don nazarin bayanan kwayoyin halitta sun taimaka wa Jamusawa da Sinawa masana ilimin halittar jini su magance wannan matsala ga nau'in Otava. Don gano kwayoyin halitta, masana kimiyya sun tattara adadi mai yawa na nau'in pollen, wanda kwayoyin halitta ya ƙunshi guda biyu kawai, ba kwafi hudu na chromosomes ba.
Wannan hanya ta sauƙaƙa aikin sosai, amma a lokaci guda tana buƙatar ɓata adadi mai yawa na gutsuwar DNA da haɗuwarsu ta gaba ta amfani da algorithms na kwamfuta. A ƙarshe, masana kimiyya sun sami kwafin cikakken nau'in halittar dankalin turawa, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan haruffa biliyan 3,1 - nucleotides kuma ya ƙunshi fiye da 38 kwayoyin.
Binciken tsarin su na gaba ya bayyana hadadden tarihin juyin halitta na dankalin turawa. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa wannan al'ada ta ɗan daɗe ta tsira daga ninkawar kwayoyin halitta sakamakon haihuwa. Bugu da kari, masanan sun bankado bambance-bambancen da ba a saba gani ba a matakin ayyukan kwafin kwayoyin halitta iri daya da ke kan kwayoyin chromosomes daban-daban, wadanda ke iya yin tasiri kan ingancin ketare nau'ikan dankalin turawa daban-daban.
Wannan bayanin, masana kimiyya suna fata, zai taimaka wajen haifar da sabbin nau'ikan ko canza kwayoyin halitta ta yadda dankali zai yi girma da sauri, ya fi tsayin daka da sauran cututtuka, sannan kuma ba zai iya kamuwa da matsalolin damuwa daban-daban ba.