Yaya za ku iya sanin ko dankalin iri ba shi da cuta?
Masana'antar iri dankalin turawa ta Amurka tana da wahalar kewayawa. Kowane yanki ko jiha yana da nasa ka'idoji don tabbatar da iri, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa.
“Shirye-shiryen dankalin turawa iri sun bambanta dangane da kasuwannin da suke yi. Idan wata jiha tana da gagarumin samar da kasuwanci, babban burinta na iya zama samar da iri ga gonakinsu na kasuwanci," in ji Nina Zidak, Jami'ar Jihar Montana, mataimakiyar farfesa ta bincike, mai tabbatar da dankalin turawa.
Babu masana'antar dankalin turawa ta kasuwanci a Montana, don haka an mai da hankali kan iri, in ji Zidak.
Manufar shirin ba da takardar shaidar dankalin turawa iri ba shine samar da iri mara cuta ba, amma don tabbatar da cewa iri ya cika ka'idojin inganci da aka yarda da su, in ji Kasia Duellman, mataimakiyar farfesa kuma kwararre kan dankalin dankali a Jami'ar Idaho.
"Shirye-shiryen ba da takardar shaida iri suna ba da tabbaci na ɓangare na uku masu zaman kansu na ingancin dankalin iri," in ji Alan Westra na Ƙungiyar Inganta amfanin gona ta Idaho, manajan yankin kudu maso gabas. Certifying hukumomin ƙayyade abin da kayyade ingancin dankali. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa jikin takaddun shaida ba zai iya buƙatar rashin wasu cututtuka ba.
"A yawancin shirye-shirye, ka'idoji suna nuna rashin haƙuri ga wasu cututtuka da juriya ga wasu," in ji Duellman. "Wasu cututtuka ba a yarda da su kawai don manyan haifuwa iri ko ga dukan tsararraki da aka yi niyya don takaddun shaida."
Wannan yana nufin cewa duk wani nau'in iri da aka samu yana da cutar ba za a tabbatar da shi ba, in ji Duellman. A wasu lokuta, duk da haka, ana iya kafa juriya. "Idan an wuce haƙuri, ingancin iri iri ya ragu ko dai an ƙi," in ji ta.
Takaddun shaida na iya bambanta ta tsararraki. Ana sayar da iri mai girma (na asali) ga wasu masu shuka iri waɗanda ke ninka su shekara guda kafin su kasance masu amfani ga masu sana'a. Suna saya daga baya tsaran dankalin turawa tsaba, yawanci tsara 3 zuwa sama. Ma'auni na iya zama mafi girma ga al'ummomin da suka gabata, saboda duk wata matsala tare da waɗannan iri za su ninka ne kawai yayin da masu samar da iri suke girma sannan kuma ta masu noman kasuwanci.
Shirin takardar shedar Jami'ar Montana yana da kyakkyawan suna. Wannan na iya kasancewa saboda masu samar da jihar sun maida hankali wajen samar da iri. "Muna ƙoƙarin samar da iri da za a iya sake tabbatar da samar da dankalin turawa a wasu jihohi," in ji Zidak.
Saboda shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida sun bambanta sosai, mun ji ra'ayoyi iri-iri kan abin da kowane shiri ya kamata ya ƙunshi.
Wakilai daga Jami'ar Montana sun gwada duk tushen dasa shuki da ƙarni na 1st don cutar mosaic (PVY). Har ila yau, suna gudanar da gwajin bayan girbi, suna aika samfurori daga duk filayen noma zuwa Hawaii don girma a duk lokacin kakar. Ƙungiyar ta bincika kuma ta ɗauki ganye daga kowace shuka, sannan a mayar da su zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ana gwada ganye don kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku: PVY, ƙwayar dankalin turawa X (PVX) da cutar dankalin turawa A (PVA).
Shirin Takaddar Dankalin Dankali na Wisconsin ba wai kawai yana duba amfanin gona sau biyu a lokacin bazara da bayan girbi ba, har ma a wuraren ajiya da jigilar kaya. Kamar yadda ci gaba da ci gaba da faruwa, yana da mahimmanci don sabunta ƙa'idodin gwajin gwaji don gano ƙwayoyin cuta da hanyoyin da za a iya iyakance haɗawar cultivar, a cewar Russell Groves, farfesa kuma ƙwararrun tsawaitawa a Jami'ar Wisconsin kuma darektan wucin gadi na Shirin Takaddun Shaida na Dankali na Wisconsin Seed.
Takaddun bayanai kuma maɓalli ne. Ba sabon abu ba ne don iri su ketare layin jihohi inda suke buƙatar cancanta don wani shirin takaddun shaida. "Wani bangare na ingantaccen tsarin ba da shaida shine kawar da tsire-tsire," in ji Brian A. Charlton, darektan wucin gadi na Klamath Basin Potato Department a Jami'ar Jihar Oregon.
Koyaya, takaddun shaida kaɗai ba zai iya maye gurbin dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin masu samar da iri da masu shuka ba. "A ganina, amincewa da shiga sun fi gwaji mahimmanci," in ji Reagan Grabner, mataimakin shugaban CSS Farms, mai samar da iri a jihar Washington. "Masu samar da iri da masu sana'ar kasuwanci suna buƙatar samun kusanci da daidaitawa kan abin da ake nufi don isar da samfur mai inganci."