Hanyar Leshchenko, Ministan Noma na Yankin Novosibirsk
Yanki: 177,76 dubu sq. km
Yawan jama'a: 2 798 170, wanda kaso 79,21% mazauna birni ne.
Matsayi na yanki: Yankin Novosibirsk yana kudu maso gabashin Yammacin Siberian Plain. A arewa, tana iyaka da yankin Tomsk, a kudu maso yamma - da Kazakhstan, a yamma - da yankin Omsk, a kudu - da yankin Altai, a gabas - da yankin Kemerovo.
Sauyin yanayi nahiyoyi, sun fi na Yammacin Turai da Amurka tsananin yanayi iri ɗaya. Ana bayyana lokutan huɗu na shekara. Hankali mai tsananin tsayi tare da tsayayyen murfin dusar ƙanƙara daga 20 cm a kudu maso yamma zuwa 50-70 cm a arewa, a wasu lokuta tare da iska mai ƙarfi da guguwar dusar ƙanƙara. Matsakaicin zazzabin Janairu: -18 ... -20 ° С. Yanayin bazara suna da zafi, amma sun ɗan gajeru - daga kwanaki 90 zuwa 100 a arewa har zuwa kwanaki 120-130 a kudu. Wata mafi zafi ita ce Yuli (+ 19 ... + 25 ° С).
Lokutan miƙa mulki (bazara, kaka) gajeru ne kuma suna da yanayi mara kyau, dawowar yanayin sanyi. Frosts na ƙasa yana farawa a rabi na biyu na Satumba kuma ya ƙare a ƙarshen Mayu.
Matsakaicin yanayin shekara-shekara shine 414 mm (daga 290 zuwa 540 mm). Har zuwa kashi 70% na ruwan sama ya faɗi a cikin yanayin ruwan sama, galibi ruwan sama tare da hadari. Daga cikin waɗannan, 20% ya faɗi a watan Mayu-Yuni, musamman, a cikin lokacin daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba akwai (a kan matsakaita) 330 mm na hazo, a cikin lokacin daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris - 95 mm. Yankin kudu maso kudu da kudu maso yamma sunyi nasara. Ana lura da busassun iska da fari a yankuna kudanci steppe. Lokacin girma: daga kwanaki 144-148 a arewa zuwa kwanakin 158-163 a kudu.
Taimako: yawanci lebur Wani yanki na yankin, wanda yake gefen hagu na Kogin Ob, yana zaune ne ta hanyar wani fili mai kasa (120 m sama da matakin teku) wanda yake da tudu mai kama da na 3-10 m. Bankin dama na Ob yana da girma da tsauni. A gabashin yankin akwai dutsen Salair tare da mafi girman yanki a yankin (502 m sama da matakin teku).
Ilsasa: mafi yawa podzolic da launin toka daji. Saboda fadama na wani muhimmin yanki na yankin, gishirin da ke haifar da duwatsu da ruwan karkashin kasa, yalwataccen ƙasa mai gishiri a nan: makiyaya-chernozem, makiyaya, boggy, fadamun gishiri, lasin gishiri da malt.
Yankin ƙasar noma: 7752,475 kadada dubu.
Yankin Novosibirsk ya kasance na biyar a cikin Tarayyar Tarayyar Siberia dangane da noman dankalin Turawa. Muna magana da Ministan Aikin Gona na Yankin Novosibirsk E.M. Leshchenko game da mahimmancin wannan al'ada ga yankin da kuma shin akwai damar samun ƙaruwar samarwa.
- Evgeny Mikhailovich, ba za a iya kiran dankali babban amfanin gona na yankin Novosibirsk ba. Amma har yanzu yana da cikakken sananne a cikin ɓangaren amfanin gona?
- A shekarar 2019, yankin da aka shuka wannan shukar a gonakin dukkan nau'ikan ya kai hekta 19,7, a shekarar 2020 kadan - dubu 18,3.
Ina so kuma in lura cewa duk yankuna yankin suna cikin noman dankali. A cikin 2019, an sami mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin yankin Novosibirsk - tan dubu 47,9, Ordynsky - tan dubu 30, Moshkovsky - tan dubu 26,3.
Idan muka yi magana game da bangaren masana’antu, to a cikin shekarar 2019 kungiyoyin noman da gonakin manoma a yankin sun ware kadada dubu 3,6 don noman dankali. Yawan girbin da aka samu ya kai tan dubu 72,5. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 213,3 c / ha.
A shekarar 2020, an dasa dankali a yanki mai girman hekta 2736.
A jimilce, masana'antun noma 13, da manoma 32 (na gona) da kuma ɗaiɗaikun 'yan kasuwa suna cikin noman dankalin turawa a yankin. Dukansu suna amfani da fasahar noman zamani.
Babban kulawa ga wannan amfanin gona (suna da kashi 67,6% na yawan adadin dankalin da aka samar a masana'antun noma, gonaki da daidaikun 'yan kasuwa) ana biyan su ta: ZAO SPH "Yarkovskoe", IE Leonidov AP, OOO LEONiS, OOO OPH "Dary Ordynska", LLC "Lambunan Giant". An sami mafi yawan ribar dankalin turawa a cikin LEONiS LLC (268,8%), Sady Giganta LLC (121,4%), SIBKRA LLC (120,7%).
- Shin akwai shirye-shiryen yanki don tallafawa noman dankalin turawa a cikin yankin Novosibirsk?
- Dangane da dokar da Gwamnatin Novosibirsk ta bayar na kwanan wata 02.02.2015 Lamba 37-p "A shirin jihar na yankin Novosibirsk" Ci gaban aikin gona da daidaita kasuwannin kayayyakin amfanin gona, kayan masarufi da abinci a yankin na Novosibirsk "akwai jerin matakan tallafi na jihar da aka tallafawa daga tarayya da kasafin kuɗi na yanki: sake biyan wani ɓangare na kuɗin aiwatar da hadaddun ayyukan ƙarancin aiki, sake biya wani ɓangare na kuɗin siye da na asali, sake biya wani ɓangare na kuɗin siyan hanyoyin fasaha da kayan aiki.
- Wadanne irin dankalin turawa ne akasarinsu suke nomawa a yankin? Shin an bunkasa noman dankalin turawa?
- Dangane da bayanin da reshen Hukumar Kula da Kasafin Kudi ta Gwamnatin Tarayya "Rosselkhoztsentr" a cikin yankin na Novosibirsk, dangane da nazarin rahoton kan irin da aka shuka tsawon shekaru uku (2018-2020), wadannan nau'ikan da ke gaba sun fi shahara a gonakin noma na yankin Novosibirsk: Gala, Tuleevsky, Rozara, Red Scarlett, Lina.
Yankin ya cika buƙatunsa na ingantaccen kayan iri. Sib-NIIRS (reshe na ICG SB RAS), KFH "Nastenka", ZAO SPH "Michurinets" sun kware wajen noman dankalin turawa a yankin.
- Kamfanin PepsiCo zai bude shuka don samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta a yankin Novosibirsk. Shin kamfanonin aikin gona suna shirye don shuka irin dankalin turawa?
- Tabbas, masu samar da aikin gona sun karbi shirye-shiryen kamfanin PepsiCo na gina masana'antar sarrafa kayayyaki a yankinmu tare da matukar farin ciki. A nan gaba, gonaki da yawa suna son zama ɗayan manyan masu samar da shi. Dangane da haka, a cikin 2020, masu aikin gona na yankin sun haɓaka yankin dasa kwakwalwar dankalin turawa.
Tabbas, dukkanmu mun fahimci cewa samar da irin wannan samfurin yana buƙatar cikakken ilimi da ƙwarewa, amma mutane a shirye suke su koya.
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2019, yayin baje kolin masana'antu na kasa-da-kasa na "Makon Agrarian na mako," an shirya tebur zagaye "Hadaddun fasahohi don noman dankalin turawa", wanda ya tattaro yawancin masu noman noma. Mahalarta taron sun sami bayanai da yawa (gami da wakilin PepsiCo) game da dokokin shirya ƙasa, abubuwan da aka keɓance da dasa dankalin turawa. Kuma ina tsammanin wannan ba shine taron ƙarshe na irin wannan ba.
- A cikin shekarar 2017-18, kafofin yada labarai sun wallafa bayanai game da kirkirar rukunin dankalin turawa dan Rasha da China a yankin Novosibirsk. Shin wannan aikin zai ci gaba?
- Abun takaici, a 'yan shekarun nan, noman dankalin turawa a yankin na raguwa saboda wasu dalilai. Matsayin wadatar kai a cikin samfurin shine 84,0% (tare da amfanin mutum a cikin ƙimar 94,1 kg kowane mutum). Idan aka yi la’akari da wannan, kirkirar rukunin dankalin turawa da Rasha da China a yankin a halin yanzu an yarda da cewa ba shi da wata mahimmanci. Amma duk da haka, ba mu kawo ƙarshen wannan aikin ba kuma tabbas za mu koma ga tunaninta lokacin da wadatar ɗari a cikin dankali ya kai 100%.
- Shin kamfanonin Noma na Novosibirsk suna samar da dankali a kasashen waje?
- A cewar sashin kula da lafiyar dabbobi na yankin da kuma kula da lafiyar dabbobi, a cikin shekarar 2019, masu noman Novosibirsk sun fitar da kimanin tan 60 na dankalin turawa. An kai kayan agaji zuwa Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan. Lambobin ba su da yawa, amma a nan gaba muna shirin kara yawan kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da kuma samar da taimako ga masu samar da aikin gona da ke son yin aiki da wannan hanyar (tuni ana aiwatar da tallafi a cikin tsarin yankin na "Fitar da kayan amfanin gona").
- Shin tsarin bunkasa dankalin turawa ya bunkasa a yankin?
- Kamfanoni 27 na aikin gona na da karfin su na adana kayan lambu da dankalin turawa a yankin, jimillar wurin ajiyar tan 60,4. A lokaci guda, kamfanoni uku suna da manyan ɗakunan ajiya waɗanda ke ba da izinin sanya samfuran a cikin adadin tan dubu 15-16,5.
A yanzu haka, aikin sake gina wurin ajiyar dankalin turawa (wanda zai iya daukar tan dubu 12) a cikin JSC SPH "Yarkovskoye" yana gudana.
- A shekarar 2015, yankin na Novosibirsk sun yi bikin cika shekaru 120 da fara aikin farfadowa a cikin matattarar Barabinskaya. Shin yankin ya hau kan inganta ƙasa a yau? Shin yankin ƙasar ban ruwa yana girma?
- Tun daga shekarar 2015, muke aiwatar da wani karamin shiri na shirin jihar "Ci gaban sake farfado da filayen noma a yankin Novosibirsk". A wannan lokacin, masana'antun aikin gona sun karɓi rubles miliyan 108,9 a matsayin tallafi na ƙasa, gami da rubles miliyan 77,9 daga kasafin kuɗaɗen tarayya, dala miliyan 31,0 daga kasafin yanki, 5 tsarin haɓakawa tare da yankin ban ruwa gaba ɗaya aka sake ginawa. 1,9 kadada dubu.
Yankin kasar da aka yi ban ruwa a yankin Novosibirsk ya kai hekta dubu 36,9, wanda daga cikin kadada dubu 35,8 filin noma ne.
- Kafafen yada labarai sun yi rubutu da yawa game da fari a yankin Novosibirsk a wannan shekarar. Shin yanayin yanayi mai wahala zai shafi amfanin gona na dankalin turawa?
- A farkon watan Agusta, an gabatar da yanayin gaggawa na matakin birni saboda bushewa daga cikin ƙasa a cikin gundumomi 17 cikin 30 na yankin, yawancinsu suna kudu da kudu maso yamma na yankin. A yanzu haka ana ci gaba da tantance barnar a yankunan da abin ya shafa. A cikin yankuna da gaggawa, an ƙirƙiri hedkwata don tsara ayyuka da tattara bayanan aiki. Hedikwatar, tare da hadin gwiwar shugabannin kungiyoyin noma, shugabannin gonakin manoma, daidaikun ‘yan kasuwar da ke ayyukan noma, daukar matakan rage barnar. Babu shakka, ba za a sami girbi mai faɗi a wannan shekara ba, amma halin da ake ciki a gonakin dankalin ba shi da mahimmanci: a halin yanzu, ba a lura da mutuwar dasa dankalin turawa ba.