Ritasar yankin: muraba'in mita dubu 39.6. Km
Yawan jama'a: 1 mutane, daga cikinsu kashi 135% suna zaune a birane.
Matsayi na yanki:
Yankin yana cikin tsakiyar yankin Turai na Rasha, yana daga cikin gundumar Tarayya ta Tsakiya da Yankin Tsakiyar Tattalin Arziƙi na Tarayyar Rasha.
Climate: yanayin yanayi.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki na watan Janairu shine 10 ° С, Yuli + 20 ° С. A kan matsakaici, 500 mm zai faɗi a shekara (25-30% a yanayin dusar ƙanƙara).
Yankin ƙasar noma: 2323,3 dubu ha, gami da ƙasa mai gona - 1468,1 dubu ha. A cewar Ryazanstat, yankin da aka shuka a cikin dukkan nau'ikan gonaki a cikin 2014 sun kai 811,3 dubu ha, wanda ya kai 4,0% ƙasa da amfanin gona na 2013.
Dankali ita ce samfurin da muke buƙatar ƙara haɓakar fitarwa!
Ganawar Ministan Noma da Abinci na Yankin Ryazan Boris Viktorovich Shemyakin.
- Boris Viktorovich, yankin Ryazan ya kasance sananne ne koyaushe saboda dankalin ta a duk faɗin Rasha. Gaya mana kadan game da "tarihin dankalin turawa" na yankin.
- Yanayi mai ban tsoro da yanayin yanki na yankin Ryazan sun dace da samar da dankalin turawa. Yankin ya kasance koyaushe mai samar da dankalin turawa ga manyan cibiyoyin masana'antu da kuma arewacin kasar. An sami babban girbin dankali a shekarar 1975 kuma yakai tan dubu 1750. Sannan yankin da aka shuka shi ne kadada dubu 158, gami da na gama gari da gonaki na jihohi - kimanin kadada dubu 110, ƙari a cikin waɗannan shekarun kawai yankin Bryansk ne kawai ya shuka kuma ya samar da dankali a cikin ƙasar. Tare da sauyawa zuwa dangantakar kasuwa, yankin da aka shuka don dankali ya ragu sosai, filayen talla na sirri sun zama manyan masu kerawa. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda jan hankalin saka hannun jari, an sami sauyi zuwa sabon matakin ƙira na asali.
- Ta yaya zaku iya kwatanta yanayin ci gaban dankalin turawa a yankin?
- Yankin Ryazan yanki ne mai dogaro da kai ta fuskar manyan nau'ikan abinci. A yau, noman dankalin turawa ya ninka noman sau 2,5.
A cikin 2014, yankin da aka shuka a cikin dukkan nau'ikan gonaki ya kai hekta dubu 25,7, kusan kashi 20% daga cikinsu - yankin na masana'antun noma da gonaki, inda ake yawan shuka dankali ta hanyar amfani da fasahohin zamani. Ana amfani da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, takin ma'adinai, kayayyakin kariya na shuka a nan, canje-canje iri-iri da sabunta iri-iri ana aiwatar dasu a kan lokaci. Saboda haka, akwai gagarumin bambanci a cikin nasarori idan aka kwatanta da filayen gidaje masu zaman kansu: a cikin 2014, yawan amfanin gona a gonaki masu zaman kansu ya kai 142 c / ha, a cikin kamfanonin noma - 195 c / ha.
A gare mu, waɗannan ƙananan lambobi ne: girbin dankalin turawa a kakar wasa ta ƙarshe ya shafi yanayin a watan Agusta, lokacin da yayin ci gaban aiki na tubers akwai ƙarancin danshi da yanayin zafin jiki mara kyau. Amma fasahohin zamani suna ba da damar kawar da yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Misalin wannan shine LLC "AgroSoyuzSpassk", inda amfani da fasahar zamani da ban ruwa suka sanya aka sami damar tara sama da tan dubu 19 na dankali mai inganci, yawan amfanin gona ya wuce 600 c / ha don ban ruwa.
A yau noman dankalin turawa da noman kayan lambu suna daya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan noma. A karshen shekarar 2014, ribar dankali a yankin ta fi 40%, kuma ribar ta ninka sau hudu idan aka kwatanta da 2013. Wannan yana bayanin kyawun masana'antar ga masu saka hannun jari waɗanda ke saka hannun jari ba kawai a cikin noman rani na zamani ba, har ma da haɓaka ɗakunan ajiya da shirye shiryen saye da sayarwa.
A cikin 2015, gonakin yankin suna shirin haɓaka yankin ta 0,5 dubu ha, kuma filayen filayen ban ruwa za su karu (daga 0,8 zuwa 1,3 dubu ha).
- Shin kuna shirin bunkasa nomanku?
- Wannan aiki ne mai matukar wahala. Tun da farko, wani tsarin aiki mai kyau wanda ke aiki a yankin: ƙungiyar samarwa Ryazansem-Dankali ta ƙunshi gonakin jihar 12 waɗanda suka samar da ingantattun iri. Cibiyar sadarwar yankuna na yanki ta ba da cikakkiyar gonaki na kasuwanci tare da seedsactivean haihuwa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu noman dankalin turawa sun sami tsararrun tsaba a cikin yankunan Moscow da Samara, Jamhuriyar Belarus, Jamus, da Netherlands. Koyaya, a wannan shekara, dangane da yunƙurin gonaki da yawa, a kan tushen SPC Luch a cikin gundumar Kasimovsky, an kirkiro MaryKlon LLC, tare da shirye-shiryen dogon lokaci don kafa samar da tsararren dankalin turawa a cikin adadin da ya kai tan 7 tan. Ina fatan cewa lokaci bayan lokaci kamfanin zai zama mai samar da abin dogaro na tsaba ba wai kawai don gonakin dankalin turawa ba, har ma don amfanin gonar.
- Me za a iya cewa game da kayayyakin masana'antar: har zuwa yaya aka wadatar da yankin da kayan marmari na dankalin turawa na zamani, layuka don shirye-shiryen fara dankali?
- Kasuwa na yawan neman bukatun ingancin dankalin turawa da kayan lambu, ba tare da wani tushe na zamani ba na adanawa da shirye shiryen siyarwa ba za'a iya cimma matakin ba. A 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, Gwamnan Yankin Ryazan, Oleg Kovalev, ya sanya aikin samar da hanyar sadarwar kayayyakin zamani domin gonaki su adana amfanin gona har zuwa bazara kuma su sayar da shi a farashi mafi dacewa. A yau, a cikin masana'antun noma da gonaki, ƙarfin ajiya ya fi tan dubu 110 na ajiyar lokaci ɗaya. Waɗannan sune dankalin turawa dankalin turawa da 63 da kuma kayan lambu guda 8, waɗanda suke tabbatar da lafiyar ɗaukacin amfanin gonar.
Irin waɗannan manyan asan masana'antun kamar Avangard LLC na yankin Ryazan (storages 6 dankalin turawa tare da ƙarfin 9 dubu tan), gonar gama gari Zaveta Ilyicha (kantin dankalin turawa 3 na ton dubu 4,5 da kantin kayan lambu don ton 1,2 dubu tare da sabbin kayan aikin firiji) suna da iko na zamani. kayan aiki da layin kayan kwalliya) da gona zuwa gare su. Lenin, Kasimov gundumar (tashoshi 4 a cikin tan dubu 8).
An jawo hankulan masu saka hannun jari don ƙirƙirar da sabunta tushen ajiya. Don haka, LLC "Aikin Noma na Nngor" yana aiwatar da aikin gina katafariyar kayan lambu tare da kayan sanyi da kayan aikin iska don tan 49 a Rybnoye, an gabatar da kashi na farko na tan 7,5 dubu tan. A cikin gundumar Spassky, Agrosoyuz-Spassk yana gina hadaddun don adanawa da sarrafa aiki na dankali da kayan lambu (rarrabuwa, daidaituwa, wanki, kwantena). Rikewar Aikin gona na Shilovsky yana haɓaka matattararsa: aikin ya samar da ginin hadaddun don tan 10, wuraren ajiya biyu na tan 2 dubu da aka kunna. A cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa, kusan kamfanoni 5,5 ke shirin gina sabbin wuraren adana abubuwa, fadada da kuma sabunta kayan aikin da ake dasu.
- Shin akwai wasu masana'antun sarrafa dankalin turawa a cikin yankin (ko shirin don halittar su)?
- aya daga cikin masana'antar sarrafa dankalin turawa ta zamani a cikin ƙasar tana aiki akan yankin Ryazan
- CJSC Masana'antar Abinci Miloslavsky, yana cikin ofungiyar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu Kuntsevo. An ƙaddamar da matakin farko a cikin Janairu 2011. A yau, kayan aikin da aka sanya a cikin kamfanin sun ba da damar samar da kusan kilogram 550 na dankalin turawa a kowace awa, ajiyar dankalin turawa don tan dubu 18 yana aiki.
Ana samar da flakes ba tare da ƙari ba, tare da kayan ƙanshin halitta da samfuran bushe-bushe. Ana sayar da samfuran PC na Miloslavsky zuwa Moscow da kuma yankin Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladimir, Tver, yankuna Vologda, Krasnodar Territory, Siberiya, Tatarstan, ƙasashe kusa da nesa (Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Poland, Belgium, Chile, Brazil, Argentina) ) Nan gaba, suna shirin haɓaka tushe don adana dankali sau 4,2 da ƙarfin layin sarrafawa sau biyu.
A cikin shekarar 2014, an sarrafa ton dankali dubu 16,4, wanda aka samar da (abin da yawansu yakai tan miliyan 7,6) a Ryazan Dankali, kamfani na aikin gona. Hakanan shuka ta sayi kayan abinci daga wasu gonaki a yankin. Kasancewar irin wannan babban processor a yankin na samar wa manoma kasuwa, gami da karamin dankali.
- Ta yaya ake warware matsalar zaban ma'aikata a masana'antu?
- Ma’aikata sharadi ne da ya zama dole don ci gaban ba noman dankalin kawai ba, har ma da dukkan masana’antar aikin gona. Jami'ar Ryazan State Agrotechnological University mai suna bayan V.I. P.A. Kostychev da fiye da 15 sakandare na musamman ilimi cibiyoyin.
A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, muna da kyawawan halaye na jawo hankalin matasa: a cikin 2014, sama da matasa ƙwararru 100 sun zo aiki a masana'antar noma. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar aiwatar da shirin ci gaba na karkara mai dorewa, wanda a cikin abin da aka gina gidaje (a bara an sami iyalai 90 da suka karɓi biyan kuɗi na zamantakewa a cikin adadin zuwa 92% na ƙimar su) kuma an inganta abubuwan more rayuwa a ƙauyuka, ana gina dukkanin ƙauyukan ci gaba mai ɗorewa (tuni akwai 15 a yankin). Ga ƙwararrun matasa, lokaci ɗaya (86600 rubles) da kuma izinin wata-wata (4330 rubles) suna da inganci na shekaru uku na farko na aiki.
Ma'aikata na yau da kullun a cikin masana'antar masana'antu da masana'antu ya kamata su ji daɗi a nan gaba, wannan yana yiwuwa ne lokacin da mutane suka karɓi albashi mai tsoka don aikinsu. A yau, a cikin yankin Ryazan, haɓaka albashi na ɗaya daga cikin yanayin gonaki don karɓar tallafi daga kasafin kuɗi. Godiya ga wannan hanyar, a cikin 2014 ya yiwu a sami karuwar matsakaicin albashi a masana'antar da 13,9% idan aka kwatanta da 2013 (a cikin kungiyoyin aikin gona ya kai 17342 rubles, wanda hakan kyakkyawan alama ne ga yankinmu).
- Wadanne gonaki ne suka fi bada gudummawa wajen bunkasa noman dankalin turawa a yankin?
- Daga cikin mafi kyaun gonakin dankalin turawa guda 30 a Rasha akwai gonar hadin gwiwa da aka sanyawa suna Lenin na gundumar Kasimovsky. Babban gudummawa ga ci gaban dankalin turawa a yankin ana yin sa ne ta hanyar Kasimovsky Zavety Ilyich gama gari, Ryazansky Avangard LLC, Ryazan Potato CJSC a cikin gundumomin Miloslavsky, da kuma sabbin gonaki - AgroSoyuzSpassk LLC da Agroholding Shilovsky LLC.
- Ka bamu labari game da tsare-tsaren yankin na cigaban noman dankalin turawa. Waɗanne ayyukan gaggawa ake shiryawa?
Farmungiyar gona ta gamawa mai suna bayan Lenin, gundumar Kasimovsky - Memba na Kungiyar Rasha ta Masu Noman Dankali. Yana amfani da fasahohin noman Turai, aikin yana da cikakkiyar inji (daga nome zuwa rarraba amfanin gona). Yankin da ke karkashin dankali yana da kadada 320 a kowace shekara. A cikin 2014, an girbe tan dubu 9 na dankali tare da matsakaita yawan amfanin ƙasa 281 c / ha. Gidan gona yana da tushe na zamani, wanda ke ba ku damar adanawa da sayar da girbi a duk shekara. Avangard LLC, yankin Ryazan - ɗayan mafi kyawun masana'antun noma a Rasha ta Tsakiya. An rarraba gonar daban-daban: tare da noman gargajiyar gargajiyar da kuma shuka shuke-shuke, noman dankalin turawa da aikin lambu na bunkasa. A cikin 2014, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin dankali ya kadada 327, an girbe tan dubu 8 tare da amfanin ƙasa 246 c / ha. Gidan gona yana samar da abinci da dankali iri. Gidan gonar Mansurov a cikin gundumar Klepikovsky an kafa shi a 2007. Haɗa ilimin kimiyya tare da aikace-aikace, yin amfani da takin zamani da ingantaccen iri iri suna bada fruita fruita. Zuwa 2014, duk yankin da aka shuka a gonar ya kai kadada 370, wanda daga cikin kadada 140 na dankali. An girbe tan dubu 3 tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa 211 c / ha. 'Ya'yan itacen dankalin turawa da manoma ke samarwa ba sa buƙatar talla ta musamman - har ma sun zo musu daga wasu yankuna na Rasha. |
- Babban alkiblar aiki a nan gaba shine karuwar yawan fili da samar da dankalin turawa, kirkirar wuraren ajiya na zamani, gami da hadin gwiwa. Muna shirin kara fito da fasahohin zamani dan bunkasa dankalin turawa (za a ba da muhimmanci na musamman kan amfani da damar ban ruwa - duka a cikin manya da kananan gonaki). Inganta ingancin dankalin zai taimaka ga ci gabanta zuwa wasu yankuna, saboda dankali shine samfurin da muna buƙatar haɓaka ƙarfin fitarwa ta fitarwa.
A bit of history
A farkon karni na 511, an noma nau'o'in dankali 50 a ƙauyen Kostino, gundumar Ryvnovsky, lardin Ryazan. Nikolai Yakovlevich Nikitinsky, ɗaya daga cikin farkon makiyaya na Rasha, mai ba da gaskiya ga furofaganda na "kwanciyar hankali na biyu", wanda ya yi imanin cewa dankali ne wanda zai ceci Rasha daga yunwa. Zamanin da ake kira Nikitinsky "sarkin dankalin turawa". Kuma taken ya cancanci cancanta. Gidan ya yi amfani da tsaba da aka samo daga ƙetare shigowa da iri na gida, kuma ta yi ƙarya ga girbin da ba a taɓa ji ba (daga tukwane 150 zuwa XNUMX a kowace daji).
A cikin 1920, an ba da dankali na nau'in "Nikitinsky" zuwa tashar Korenevskaya (yanzu Cibiyar Binciken Tsarin Dankali ta Farm) wanda aka shirya a kusa da Moscow. Don haka tare da dankali Ryazan fara tarihin Soviet dankalin turawa girma.