Dankali ta girma daga yankin Sverdlovsk
A kakar da ta gabata, kamfanonin noma na yankin Sverdlovsk sun shuka dankali a yanki mai girman kadada dubu 13,9. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa an daidaita shi a 180,4 c / ha. Yawan girbin da aka samu na shekara ya kai tan dubu 250,7.
Yanki: 194 sq. km, tsayi daga arewa zuwa kudu kilomita 307, daga yamma zuwa gabas - kilomita 660.
Yawan jama'a: 4 325 256 mutane, wanda kashi 84,78% mazauna birane ne. Matsayin kasa: wanda yake kan gangaren gabas na tsaunukan Ural kuma yayi iyaka da West Siberian Lowland. A kudu maso yamma, yankin ya fadada zuwa gangaren yamma na Urals na tsakiya.
Sauyin yanayi: nahiya, amma saboda tsawon yankin tare da meridian na fiye da 600km da bambance-bambance na taimako, an lura da yanayin yanayi iri-iri a cikin yankin.
A filayen, an daidaita matsakaicin zazzabin Janairu a -20 ° С a arewa da -16 ° С a kudu. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a watan Yuli ya bambanta daga 16 ° С a arewa zuwa 19 ° С a kudu. Yayin da kake matsawa daga dutsen kuma ka matsa zuwa kudu, jimlar yanayin yanayi mai kyau yana ƙaruwa kuma adadin damina na shekara-shekara yana raguwa. Babban yankin filayen yana cikin yankin mai yanayin yanayi, kuma an riga an haɗa kudu maso gabas da ɓangarorin kudu maso yamma na yankin a cikin yankin mai yanayin yanayi tare da mafi kyawun yanayin yanayi na noma. Yanayin bel na tsaunuka ba shi da nahiya, tare da yanayin zafi na ƙarancin zafi da zafi fiye da na filayen. Matsakaicin yanayin shekara-shekara shine 350-400 mm a kudu maso gabas da 500 mm a arewa, kuma a yankunan tsaunuka na kudu maso yamma ya wuce 500-600 mm. Dangane da waɗannan yanayin yanayin, matsakaicin lokacin girma a cikin yankin Sverdlovsk kusan kwanaki 130 ne.
Taimako: yankin yammacin yankin yana tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Urals, kuma ɓangaren gabas yana gefen yamma na yammacin Siberian Lowland. Yankin Ural na Tsakiya yana kama da tudu - a yamma, tsayin dutsen yana zuwa daga mita 300 zuwa 500, kuma a gabas, yankin yana da sassauƙan taimako tare da matsakaita tsayi daga mita 200 zuwa 300. Matsayi mafi girma a cikin yankin shi ne Konzhakovsky Kamen peak (tsawo 1539 m).
Kasar gona: An gano nau'o'in kasa guda 35 na kasa - daga tsauni-tundra da podzolic a arewacin yankin zuwa chernozems da chernozem-makiyaya a kudu. Podzolic da soddy-podzolic sun mamaye (33,2% na jimlar murfin ƙasa), ƙasa mai duhu mai launin toka an bazu akan kashi 20% na yankin. Grey da ƙasa mai launin toka sun mamaye 13,1%. Ana samun Chernozems a ƙananan yankuna a kudu da kudu maso yamma na yankin. A cikin ɓangaren tsaunuka, tsaunuka-taiga da ƙasa na tuddai-tundra sun bazu.
Agricasar noma: 4082,6 ha (21,0%) ..
Dankali ta kasance wata mahimmin amfanin gona na tsakiyar Urals. Yankin Sverdlovsk ya daɗe yana riƙe da tabbataccen matsayi a cikin manyan larduna goma masu girma a Rasha.
Duk da haka, bisa ga sakamakon farko na ƙididdigar ayyukan Noma na shekarar 2016 ta Sverdlovskstat da aka buga, tun daga 2006, yankin da ake noman dankalin Turawa a yankin ya ragu daga 50,3 zuwa 48,9 dubu ha. Lambobin sun ragu sosai saboda raguwar filaye a cikin shirye shiryen tallafin na 'yan ƙasa.
Amma a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin aikin gona da gonaki a wannan lokacin, adadin sarari da aka ware don dankali, akasin haka, ya ƙaru. Manuniya na haɓaka kuma sun karu sosai: a gonaki ta amfani da fasahar zamani, waɗannan adadi yau suna daidai da nasarorin Turai.
Kodayake a wasu shekaru, sha'awar al'adu tsakanin masu samar da kayan gona har yanzu ya ragu. Don haka, a cikin 2016, a cikin masana'antun masana'antu na yankin, an rage raguwar kayan shuka dankalin turawa (idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2015) kusan kadada dubu ɗaya. Yawancin gonaki (musamman ƙanana da matsakaici) sun ƙi aiki tare da amfanin gona, tunda farashin dankali ya kasance ƙasa ƙarancin yanayi da yawa.
A kakar da ta gabata, a cikin gonakin kayayyakin masarufi na yankin Sverdlovsk, an shuka dankali a wani yanki na 13,9 dubu ha. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa an gyara shi a 180,4 c / ha. Dangane da sakamakon shekarar, yawan amfanin gona ya kai tan dubu 250,7.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTA
Babban taimako ga ci gaban zaɓi da iri iri na dankali a yankin da ƙasa baki ɗaya, Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Ilimin Ilimin Ilimin Kimiyya ta ralasa da Gwamnatin Tarayya ta yi. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an tara babban gogewa a cikin namo sabbin nau'in dankali. An haɗa nau'ikan da yawa a cikin Rajistar Jiha na Aasar Sakamakon Federationwararru na Federationasar Rasha, gami da sanannun ba kawai masu dankalin Turawa Ural Mayak, Otrada, Amur, Bravo, Gornyak, Lux, Fara, da dai sauransu.
FSBI Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kimiyya ta FSBI ta kasance ta farko a cikin Rasha don gudanar da takaddar ƙwayar halittar ɗabi'arta da kuma mafi kyawun ƙwayoyin cuta: ta wannan hanyar, zaɓi da zaɓi bisa ga halaye masu mahimmanci masu amfani ana aiwatar da su sosai da gangan. A shafin gwaji a kowace shekara an gwada fiye da 20 genotypes.
Tun daga 2013, Cibiyar Nazarin Ural Research of Agriculture, tare da AIC AO Belorechensky, suna aiki a kan aiwatar da aikin haɗin gwiwa na Cibiyar Kiwon Seedanyen Dankalin Ural. Fiye da rubles miliyan 100 an riga an saka hannun jari a cikin aikin, wanda miliyan 23 daga cikin su asusun tallafi ne na ƙasa.
Aikin Cibiyar Kula da Seeda isan isa :an shine gudanar da ayyukan shuka iri: aiki tare da iri iri 15-20 na dankali, wanda aƙalla kashi 60% nau'ikan zaɓin kansa ne da zaɓin Cibiyar Nazarin Ural, wani 40% - nau'ikan kiwo na Rasha da na waje.
A yanzu haka, an kammala matakin farko na aikin: manyan dakunan gwaje-gwaje na yaduwar dankali da kayan gwaje-gwaje (Ural Dankali daya ne daga cikin cibiyoyin kiwo na zamani don kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje), an gina gidajen katako guda shida don masu karamin karfi.
Ana sa ran cewa a cikin 2018 za a samar da raka'a dubu 70 a cikin cibiyar kiwo iri. an samu shuke-shuke a cikin vitro kuma an samu guda dubu 560. minitubers, a cikin 2019 - tan 200 na tsaba na rukunin "ƙarni na farko", a cikin 2020 - tan 1400 na nau'in "super elite". Kuma daga shekarar 2021, an shirya fara samar da tan dubu 10 na iri na rukunin "fitattu" don samar da masu noman noma a yankin da sauran yankuna na Rasha. Bugu da ari, dankalin kasuwa mai sayarwa zai girma kai tsaye a gonaki (farkon haifuwa).
DALILAI NA POTATO Zabi na FGBNU "URAL NIISH"
Minene. Matsakaici da wuri, samar da har zuwa 62 t / ha; sitaci 14-19%; palatability 4,3-4,8 maki; mara kyau digestibility (nau'in B).
Damu da cutar kansa da kuma cyst-forming dankalin turawa nematode (RO1). Babu rauni shafi marigayi blight da scab.
Dajin yana da tsayi, kafaɗa; fure yalwatacce, tsawo. The inflorescence ne yada, mai yawa-flowered. A whisk fari ne. Ilimin Berry yana da wuya kuma yana sakandare.
Tubersasoshin suna zagaye, rawaya; idanu kanana; kwasfa na raga; jiki mai haske rawaya.
An halin da a kai a kai babban yawan amfanin ƙasa tuber da low nitrate abun ciki a cikinsu, da kuma jure fari.
AMUR. Matsakaici da wuri, samar da har zuwa 48 t / ha; sitaci 12-14%; palatability maki 4,0-4,4; matsakaici digestibility (nau'in B).
Yin tsayayya da cutar kansa. Matsakaici shafi marigayi Blight a kan fi. Babu wuya shafi scab na kowa.
Dajin yana da tsayi, yaduwa; fure mai matsakaici, gajere. The inflorescence ne yada. Corolla haske purple. Ilimin Berry dai yana da wuya.
'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace daidai ne, ja; ƙafafun lebur, ƙananan idanu; kwasfa tana da santsi; jiki mai haske ne launin rawaya, ba ya yin duhu lokacin dafa abinci.
An bambanta ta farkon tuberization da tara tarin amfanin gona a farkon kashi na farkon girma, babban kasuwa da kuma bayyanar kyakkyawa.
Bravo. Matsakaici da wuri, samar da har zuwa 57 t / ha; sitaci 12-14%; palatability maki 4,0-4,2; mara kyau digestibility (nau'in B).
Damu da cutar kansa da kuma cyst-forming dankalin turawa nematode (RO1). Matsakaici shafi marigayi Blight a kan fi. Ba ya da rauni shafi na kowa scab.
Dajin yana da tsayi, yaduwa; fure mai matsakaici, gajere. A inflorescence ne m. Corolla haske purple. Samun Berry yana da wuya.
Tubersan wasan suna zagaye, ja; idanu kanana; kwasfa tana da santsi; jiki mai haske ne launin rawaya, ba ya yin duhu lokacin dafa abinci.
Yawancin nau'in nau'in mai saurin ne, wanda ake yawan amfani dashi koyaushe, kuma yana tsayayya wa fari.
LUX. Da wuri, samar da har zuwa 49 t / ha; sitaci 13%; palatability 17,0-4,2 maki; mara kyau digestibility (nau'in B).
Damu da cutar kansa da kuma cyst-forming dankalin turawa nematode (RO1). Matsakaici resistant zuwa marigayi Blight. Babu wuya shafi scab na kowa.
Isan daji yayi ƙasa, mai yaduwa; fure mai rauni ne, gajere. A inflorescence ne m. Corolla haske purple. Samun Berry yana da wuya.
'Ya'yan ƙwayayen suna elongated m, ja; ƙafafun lebur, ƙananan idanu; kwasfa tana da santsi; jiki mai haske ne launin rawaya, ba ya yin duhu lokacin dafa abinci.
Ya bambanta a farkon farkon yawan aiki, matakin digiri na tubers; kyakkyawa bayyanar. M zuwa gabatarwar high allurai ma'adinai da takin mai magani.
Fara. Da wuri, yawan aiki har zuwa 50 t / ha; sitaci 13-17,7%; palatability maki 3,9-4,6; matsakaici digestibility (nau'in B).
Damu da cutar kansa da kuma cyst-forming dankalin turawa nematode (RO1). Ba ya da rauni shafi marigayi Blight a cikin ganyayyaki. Matsakaici resistant zuwa na kowa scab. Babban tsayayya da ƙwayoyin cuta Y, X, S, M, L.
Dajin yana da tsayi, yaduwa; fure yalwatacce, yalwa da yawa. Corolla ja-violet. Abincin Berry shine matsakaici.
Tubersan wasan suna zagaye, ja; idanu ƙanana, ja; kwasfa tana da santsi; jiki mai haske rawaya.
An bambanta shi da yawan amfanin gonar farkon wuri, manyan kulab; babban abun ciki na bitamin C (26 mg /%).
INFRASTRUCTURE
An mai da hankali sosai ga ƙungiyar adana kayan lambu da dankali a cikin yankin: ɗakunan ajiya na zamani sun ba masu masana'antar noma damar samar wa mazauna yankin kayayyakin amfanin gonar har zuwa kaka mai zuwa.
A cikin 2014, yankin ya ƙaddamar da wani shirin yanki don gina shagunan kayan lambu. A cikin shekaru biyu na aikin shirin a cikin yankin, masu firiji don adana kayan lambu Ural tare da nauyin tan 27.
A yau, wadatar da kantin sayar da kayan lambu a cikin yankin Sverdlovsk ya kai kashi 84%.
Tsarin TAFIYA
Horar da ma'aikata don masana'antar dankalin turawa a yankin Sverdlovsk ana aiwatar da ita a ɗayan manyan jami'o'in yankin - Jami'ar Ugra ta Jami'ar Ural (Jami'ar Agrarian ta Ural). Tsawon shekaru 78 na aiki, Jami'ar Agrarian ta Ural ta horar da kwararru sama da dubu talatin da biyu don kusan dukkanin rassa na masana'antar agro-masana'antu.
A yau, fiye da ɗalibai 7 suke karatu a jami'a, ana aiwatar da shirye-shirye a fannoni 32 na shirye-shiryen karatun gaba, da kuma fannoni 9 na karatun sakandare.
Daukar ma'aikata a shekarar farko ana yinsu ne a wuraren da ake kasafin kudi na 947 (a cikin 2018, daukar ma'aikata na irin wannan fannoni kamar injiniyan aikin gona, likitan dabbobi, harkar dabbobi, gudanar da filaye da dai sauransu,). Bugu da kari, a wannan shekarar rakodin masu rike da kayan kwastomomi sun karu (daga kashi 30% zuwa 50%). Don haka, Ma’aikatar Aikin Gona ta na shirin “ci gaba” mafi ƙwararrun kwararru a cikin karkara kuma suna ba da kwarin gwiwa ga ma’aikata a fannin aikin gona.
A ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 23, a cikin yankin Sverdlovsk (ƙauyen Kochnevskoye, gundumar Beloyarsky), a kan ginin masana'antu na Belorechensky, za a gudanar da Ranar Fiye Dankali ta Rasha, wanda, kamar yadda masu shirya gasar ke fatan, za su zama hutu ga duk masu noman dankalin Turawa a cikin ƙasar.
An shirya kayan ta amfani da bayanan kafofin watsa labaru da kuma hanyoyin buɗe.