Yanki: 314,4 dubu murabba'in mita km
Yawan jama'a: Miliyan 1 da dubu 47
Matsayi na yanki: yankin yana kudu maso gabashin Siberiya ta Yamma. Yana da iyaka da Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo yankuna, Khanty-Mansi Okrug mai cin gashin kansa da yankin Krasnoyarsk. Wani bangare na gundumar Tarayyar Siberiya
Sauyin yanayi nahiya matsakaiciya. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Yuli shine +18 C, a cikin Janairu -19,2 C.
Taimako: lebur, sosai fadama. Yankin Tomsk wani yanki ne na al'amuran halitta na duniya - gulmar Yammacin Siberiya. Babu wani wuri a duniya da ake samun yaduwar fadama da dazuzzukan dazuzzuka kamar a wannan yanki. Wani muhimmin yanki na ƙasar Tomsk yana mamaye gandun daji (kimanin 51% na yankin), yawanci zuwa nau'ikan ruwa daban-daban, da kuma fadama (kimanin 31%), gami da peat bogs. Adadin peat tare da kauri fiye da 80 cm sun mamaye kusan kashi 24% na yankin yankin. Aikin bogin da ake ci gaba da yi ya shafi manyan yankunan yankin, a cewar wasu alkaluma, suna karuwa da hekta 1800 a duk shekara.
Kasar gona: automorphic, semi-hydromorphic da hydromorphic. Halin haɓakar hydromorphism, saboda yankin boggy, da kuma a cikin yankunan kudancin - ta hanyar daskarewa mai karfi da jinkirin thawing ƙasa. Daga cikin wasu takamaiman fasali, ya kamata a lura: kasancewar humus humus na biyu a cikin sod-podzolic da ƙasa gandun daji mai launin toka; kasancewar ortsands a cikin ƙasa na rubutu mai haske; ƙananan zafin jiki na ƙasa.
Yankin ƙasar noma: 1,2 miliyan hectare, wanda noma ƙasar - 676 kadada dubu. Samar da ƙasar noma a cikin yankin Tomsk yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a yankin Yammacin Siberiya, kowane mutum - 0,65 kadada. Don kwatanta, a cikin Altai Territory akwai 2,64 hectares na noma ƙasar da mazauna, a cikin Novosibirsk yankin - 1,36 kadada, a cikin Omsk yankin - 2,0 kadada. Matsakaicin ga gundumar Tarayyar Siberian shine kadada 1,15.
SAURARA 2018. FASAHA DA KYAUTATA YIELD
Dankali shine na biyu bayan burodi a abinci mai gina jiki na ɗan adam. Mazauna yankin Tomsk, kamar sauran yankuna na Rasha, suna mutunta wannan al'ada sosai.
Yankin Tomsk a kowane lokaci ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan tudu a cikin noman dankali a Siberiya. Duk da matsanancin yanayi na yanayi, yawan ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, ciyawa da kwari, masu shuka dankalin turawa Tomsk da masu shayarwa sun sami babban sakamako na samarwa.
Matsakaicin adadin dankalin turawa a yankin ya kai kashi 190 a kowace hekta, amma shugabanni, alal misali, shukar kiwo na Zavarzinsky, suna karɓar kusan centi 400 a kowace hekta, godiya ga amfani da ci gaban kimiyyar zamani, iri masu ban sha'awa da kuma tsananin bin fasaha. A karshen shekarar 2017, yawan girbin dankali a yankin ya zarce ton dubu 33.
GASKIYA. Ribar noman dankalin turawa a cikin 2017 a cikin yankin Tomsk ya wuce 17,5%.
A cewar Ma'aikatar Ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na kauyen Tomsk, a cikin 2018 yankin da aka shuka a karkashin dankali a cikin kungiyoyin aikin gona, gonaki da 'yan kasuwa guda ɗaya ya fi kadada dubu 1,5, ko kuma 17,5% na duk amfanin gona.
Dangane da sabis na kididdiga na yanki, mafi yawan masu samar da dankalin turawa a yankin Tomsk shine gonaki masu zaman kansu, inda a cikin 2018 an dasa dankali a kan yanki sama da kadada dubu 7.
TSARIN horon masana'antu
A cikin 2018, Ma'aikatar Social da Tattalin Arziki na Kauyen Tomsk ya fara aiki tare da ma'aikata da cibiyoyin ilimi na aikin gona akan samuwar sabbin ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don ƙwararrun matasa a cikin rukunin masana'antu. Ana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ɗayan mahimman fannonin aikin gona - agronomy.
Dangane da babban ilimi, an horar da masana aikin gona na gonaki na yankin Tomsk na tsawon shekaru 25 daga Sashen Aikin Noma da Fasaha da Kula da Kayayyakin Noma na Cibiyar Aikin Noma ta Tomsk, reshe na NSAU. A cikin 2018, ɗalibai 115 suna karatu a can. Sakin ƙarshe ya faru a cikin 2016, na gaba zai kasance a cikin 2019. Shirin yin rajista na 2019 ɗalibai ne na cikakken lokaci 20 da ɗalibai na lokaci-lokaci 30.
Daga cikin mafi kyawun jami'a akwai manyan masana aikin gona na gwamnatocin yankuna da manyan wuraren noma, da kuma shugabannin gonaki.
CIGABAN KASANCEWAR SARAUTA
A halin yanzu, yankin Tomsk ya wadatar da kansa a cikin dankali don 130-140%. Yana da muhimmin amfanin gona ga yankin, wanda ke matsayi na biyu bayan alkama a mahimmanci.
Don haka, OOO Kolpakov, babban gonar dankalin turawa a yankin Tomsk, yana samar da fiye da ton dubu 5 na kayayyaki a kowace shekara, yana shirin gina ajiyar dankalin turawa tare da damar tan dubu 2019 a ƙarshen 2,5. A yayin aikin, za a yi amfani da fasahohin zamani, wanda a karshe za su kara karfin ajiya har zuwa ton dubu 8 na kayan lambu da dankali a kowace shekara. Don haka, gonar za ta iya samar da hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci da cibiyoyin zamantakewa na Tomsk tare da samfurori masu kyau na gida a duk shekara.
FATIMA YAN SALATI
gonaki 33 (kamfanonin noma 8 da gonaki masu zaman kansu 25) suna tsunduma cikin samar da dankalin turawa na masana'antu a yankin, wanda 16 ke cikin yankin Tomsk. Kamfanoni uku suna da matsayi na girma iri (suna aiki bisa ga "super-super-elite", "super-elite" da "elite" makircinsu), suna samar da kayan dasa mai inganci ba kawai ga kamfanonin nasu ba, amma har ma. ga abokan aiki a cikin shagon.
Kamfanonin OOO Kolpakov, Favorit, Agrofirma Zorkaltsevskaya, Zarechnoye, manoma Mikhail Kolpakov da Vyacheslav Rychko da sauransu suna samun babban sakamako a ayyukansu.
Manyan gonakin dankalin turawa guda biyu suna cikin Shegarsky da gundumar Kolpashevsky ta arewa. Yankin Kolpashevo yana daidaita da nau'in yankuna na Arewa Mai Nisa, ko kuma matsanancin noma, amma ko a can masu noma sun koyi samun amfanin gona mai yawa.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTA
A arewacin yankin, akwai filayen gwaji na sashen Narym na Cibiyar Bincike na Siberiya na Aikin Noma da Peat na reshe na SFNCA RAS. Masana kimiyya na wannan sashe suna inganta fasahar noman dankalin turawa da tsarin kariyarsa daga cututtuka sama da shekaru 70 (ana yin kiwo tun 1938, kuma ana nazarin fasahar noma tun 1912).
Ana aiwatar da tsarin kiwo a cikin filin jujjuya amfanin gona na gona goma akan ƙasa mai yashi mai yashi-matsakaici podzolic tare da ƙarancin haihuwa na halitta.
A wuraren samar da sashen, an kaddamar da aikin samar da iri. Ana gudanar da samar da iri na farko bisa ga tsarin shekaru hudu: shekara ta farko - zaɓin tsire-tsire na farko; Shekara XNUMX - Shekara XNUMX gwajin clone; Shekara XNUMX - Shekara XNUMX gwajin clone; shekara ta hudu - super-super-elite gandun daji. Kungiyoyin noma suna ba da kayan iri iri-iri: Pamyati Rogachev, Solnechny, Yubilyar, Yugan, Sarovskiy.
A nan gaba, a kan tushen Narym Sashen na Siberiya Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, an shirya don ƙirƙirar cibiyar ci gaban zaɓi da iri a cikin dankalin turawa girma, iya samar da high quality cikin gida iri kayan don tattalin arzikin Siberiya. Cibiyar ta riga ta shigar da wani bangare na na'urorin lantarki na zamani, wanda ke hanzarta aiwatar da samar da iri sau da yawa. Fasahar da cibiyar nan gaba za ta yi amfani da ita ba za ta ba da izinin shirya haifuwa kawai ba, ban da kamuwa da tubers tare da ƙwayoyin cuta a kowane mataki, har ma da samar da minitubers ba tare da ƙasa ba duk shekara.
Fasali
Masana kimiyya na Sashen Narym na Cibiyar Bincike na Siberiya na Noma da Peat sun kirkiro nau'ikan dankalin turawa masu zuwa: Narymsky farkon (1961), Kolpashevsky (1966), Ideal (1967), Priobsky (1972), Narymka (1989), Yanga (1997) ), Tomich (1998), Nakra (2000), In memory of Rogachev and Antonin (2005), Solnechny (2006), Ketsky (2008), Yubilyar (2009), Yugana (2011), Sarovsky (2014). Ainihin, duk nau'ikan da aka jera an haɗa su a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Nasarar Kiwo da aka amince don amfani a cikin Tarayyar Rasha. Har ila yau, masana kimiyya na Cibiyar su ne co-marubuta na iri: Narymchanin (Polessky - 36), Uwar da halitta, amma ba zoned iri: Krasa Naryma, Taezhnik, Venus, Chaya, Belukha.
An bambanta nau'in zaɓin Tomsk ta hanyar juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta, mai kyau da dandano mai kyau, da kuma saitin wasu halaye masu kyau.
Iri na farko (Priobsky, Antonina, Yubilyar, Sarovsky) suna samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa a matakin 15-20 t / ha a ranar 60th bayan germination. Iri Ketsky, Solnechny, Pamyati Rogachev, Antonina suna halin haɓakar yawan amfanin ƙasa (50-60 t / ha da ƙari), amma suna tara babban girbi a kwanan wata. Iri Nakra, Pamyati Rogacheva, Solnechny, Yugan da farkon iri-iri Sarovskiy suna iya tara sitaci a cikin adadin 23% ko fiye. Irin dankalin turawa Tomich, Ketsky da Solnechny sun dace da yin kwakwalwan kwamfuta, Antonina - don daskarewa mai zurfi, Yugan - don yin soyayyen Faransa.
A halin da ake ciki yanzu, aikin kiwon dankalin turawa a sashen Narym na SibNIISHiT shi ne samar da nau'o'in nau'ikan da suke girma da wuri, wadanda za su iya girma da sauri a cikin kankanin lokacin girma a yanayin zafi na kaka, suna da juriya ga cututtuka da kwari, kuma suna da yawa. tuber ingancin Manuniya. A halin yanzu, nau'in bawo-jaja tare da daidai ko da siffar tubers sun fi buƙata.
HUKUNCIN DANKUNAN KUNGIYAR TOMSK
Shekaru da yawa a jere, an gudanar da bikin baje kolin kaka a yankin - yankin "Bikin Dankali". Kowace shekara yana ƙara girma da girma. A cikin 2017, kusan mazaunan Tomsk dubu biyar da baƙi na birni sun halarci biki, waɗanda suka karɓi jimlar 110 ton na dankali. Ana ba da babban nau'in dankalin turawa iri-iri a kowace shekara a wurin bikin ta wurin zama na dindindin - Cibiyar Bincike na Aikin Noma da Peat na Siberiya - reshe na SFNTSA RAS.
A lokacin hutu, ana gudanar da gasa mafi girma na dankalin turawa a kowace shekara. A cikin 2017, tubers-nauyin nauyi ga gasar sun bayar da mazauna Asinovsky, Pervomaisky, Molchanovsky, Tomsk, Shegarsky, Chainsky gundumomi. Dangane da sakamakon aunawa, tuber mai nauyin gram 1330, wanda aka girma a ƙasar Molchanov, ya sami lakabin "Bogatyr Dankali".
TOMSKY ZEMLE - MATASA DANKUNCI!
Sashen Narym na Cibiyar Bincike na Cibiyar Noma da Peat ta Siberiya a garin Kolpashevo, na yankin Tomsk, ta shafe kusan shekaru 10 tana aikin haɓaka dankali mai launi.
Masana kimiyya sun riga sun yi nasarar samun tubers na purple, blue-violet, da ja launuka (ba wai kawai launin bawo ba, har ma da ɓangaren litattafan almara). A cewar masu shayarwa, dankali yana da wadata a cikin antioxidants. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu, nau'in ba a riga an yi rajista ba, sabili da haka ana girma ne kawai a cikin gonaki masu zaman kansu. Samar da masana'antu zai yiwu ne kawai bayan an wuce gwaje-gwaje.
RANAR FILIN 2018: BANGAREN DANKUNAN
A cikin tsarin dandalin noma-masana'antu na kwanaki uku "Ranar Filin-2018" a cikin yankin Tomsk, an sadaukar da yini guda don bunkasa noman dankalin turawa. A kan tushen OOO "Kolpakov" a cikin Tomsk yankin - shugaban yankin a samar da dankalin turawa - wani offsite yi-daidaitacce taron karawa juna sani "Dankali a Siberiya: namo gwaninta da kuma ci gaban al'amurran" da aka gudanar. Taron ya tattara kusan masana kimiyya 50, masu shayarwa, masu shuka dankalin turawa daga yankunan Moscow, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk da Tomsk.
Shugaban kamfanin Denis Kolpakov ya gudanar da zanga-zanga na kayan aikin noman dankalin turawa na zamani, wanda akwai kimanin raka'a 40 a cikin gona. Taraktocin John Deer masu amfani da makamashi, injinan noma na Lemken, rukunin shuka dankalin turawa na Grimme, da dai sauransu suna aiki a filin. - dukkanin hanyoyin hanyoyin fasaha da sababbin abubuwa a cikin fasahar noma, wanda ke ba da damar gonar don gudanar da aikin filin daidai kuma a kan lokaci. An nuna wa mahalarta taron layukan zamani don shirye-shiryen dankalin turawa kafin siyar da dankali ( tattarawa a cikin gidan yanar gizo mai nauyin kilogiram 2,5 da kuma a cikin marufi mai ƙima da aka yi da rigar combi, vacuum packing na dankalin turawa).
Sha'awa ta musamman na masu shayarwa da masu aikin dankalin turawa-masu sana'a sun taso ne ta hanyar duba filayen dankalin turawa, inda a yau ana noma nau'ikan gida biyu - Kemerovochanin, Tuleevsky - da na kasashen waje (a karon farko a wannan shekara, dasa shuki na gwaji na irin dankalin turawa). an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Jamus).
"Mun kalli filayen gonakin Kolpakov LLC kuma mun gamsu sosai," in ji Anastasia Borovkova, shugaban sashen dankalin turawa na Ƙungiyar Seed ta Jamus (Moscow). - Fasahar da ake amfani da su a cikin kamfani, daga aikin gona zuwa kariyar shuka, - a matsayi mai girma. Idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin yanayi mai tsauri da kuma ɗan gajeren lokacin girma, matsakaicin yawan amfanin dankalin turawa na 220 a cikin gonakin shima ya cancanci girmamawa.
An kuma gabatar da mahalarta taron karawa juna sani game da aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na hanyoyin fasahar kiwo da samar da iri na amfanin gona na Cibiyar Bincike ta Siberiya ta Aikin Gona da Peat, reshe na SFSCA RAS a kauyen Bogashevo, inda bincike na zamani. ana aiwatar da shi don samun lafiyayyen dankalin turawa minitubers ta microcloning.