YankiGirma: 1. km.
Yawan jama'a: 3 mutane, wanda 723% mazauna birni ne.
Matsayi na yanki: Yankin Tyumen yana cikin Yammacin Siberiya. Yana da iyaka: a kudu - tare da Kazakhstan, a kudu maso yammacin - tare da yankin Kurgan, a yamma - tare da yankin Sverdlovsk, a arewa - tare da Khanty-Mansi Okrug mai cin gashin kansa, a gabas - tare da yankunan Tomsk da Omsk. .
Sauyin yanayi: sharply nahiyar, tare da low iska yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu, iskõki na gagarumin gudun da kuma wuce haddi danshi a lokacin rani. Babban fasali na musamman shine nisa daga Tekun Atlantika, fifikon filayen da ke buɗe don shigar da iskan Arctic mai sanyi da iska mai dumi daga tsakiyar Asiya.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin Janairu shine -29 ° C, a cikin Yuli: +18 ° C. A tsakiyar yankin zafin jiki a cikin Janairu: -23 ° C, Yuli: + 16-18 ° C; a kudu -19-17 ° C a watan Janairu, +19 ° C a watan Yuli. Hazo daga 200 zuwa 600 mm a kowace shekara.
Permafrost ya yadu a arewa. Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 50-162.
Taimako: yankin ya mamaye mafi yawan filayen Yammacin Siberiya. A yamma, a cikin yankin, akwai gangaren gabas na Arewa, Subpolar (tsawo har zuwa 1895 m, Dutsen Narodnaya) da Polar Urals. Bangaren lebur yana da ruwa sosai, tare da tafkuna masu yawa.
Kasar gona: Soddy-dan kadan podzolic kasa sun fi hali ga yankin; gandun daji gishiri gishiri; duhu launin toka daji solodized gleyish; makiyayar ambaliya; Meadow-chernozem solodized; makiyaya - fadama.
Gabaɗaya, yankin yana da saurin sauye-sauye na ƙasa daban-daban a cikin iyakataccen sarari. An fi bayyana wannan a cikin yankin daji-steppe.
Mafi mahimmancin yanayin ƙasa na gandun daji-steppe na yankin Tyumen shine salinity. Ƙasar chernozem na zonal sun haɗa da solonetzes na makiyaya, turf solonetzes, meadow solonchaks, meadow-swamp kasa, da dai sauransu. Rabon waɗannan ƙasa a cikin gidaje na iya kaiwa 30-50%. Ƙasar da ke cikin kwararowar kogi na da ma'ana sosai. Ƙasar da ke cike da ambaliyar ruwa ta yaɗu - makiyaya, mai-lafi da ƙazamin ƙasa.
Yankin ƙasar noma: hekta dubu 2.
An bambanta yankin Tyumen da yanayi mai tsauri da yanayin yanayi, amma a lokaci guda suna ba da damar samun nasarar shuka dankali da kuma samar da cikakken samar da yawan jama'ar yankin tare da samfurin.
Kamfanonin noma 97 ne ke aikin noman dankalin turawa a yankin. Suna karɓar kusan kashi 40% na yawan samfuran da ake nomawa a yankin. Jimlar girbin dankalin turawa na shekara-shekara a fannin masana'antu ya fi ton dubu 200.
Don haka, a cikin 2018, an shuka kadada 8 na dankali, inda aka samar da tan dubu 923 na girbi mai girma tare da yawan amfanin gona na kadada 238,9.
Don kwatanta: a cikin 2017, yankin da aka dasa ya kasance a matakin hectare dubu 8,7, yana yiwuwa a tattara tan dubu 231,4 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 262,7 c / ha. A cikin 2016, an noman dankali a cikin masana'antu akan hectare dubu 9,6, yawan amfanin gona ya kai ton dubu 185,1, matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona ya kai 194 c/ha.
Mafi yawan iri da ake nomawa a yankin sune: Rosara, Red Scarlett, Gala, Juyin Halitta, Impala, Tuleyevsky, Brook, da dai sauransu.
Manyan masu samar da dankalin turawa a yankin sune Agrofirma KRIMM LLC, Peasant Farm Druzhba LLC, Yasen-Agro LLC. Dukkaninsu suna aiki ne ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin fasaha na zamani, wanda ke ba su damar samun mafi yawan amfanin gona a gundumar Ural Federal.
A cikin 2019, masu samar da aikin gona na Tyumen sun shuka dankali a kan wani yanki mai girman kadada 8. Babban yankunan girma: Armizonsky, Nizhnetavdinsky, Tyumensky, Uporovsky, Yurginsky, Yalutorovsky, Yarkovsky, da Golyshmanovsky da Zavodoukovsky gundumomi. An fara girbi a cikin kwanaki goma na farko na watan Agusta (a lokacin da aka shirya wannan labarin - 600/6.08.19/40 - an girbe dankali daga hectare 374. Tare da yawan amfanin gona na XNUMX a kowace hectare, babban girbi ya kai kusan daya da rabi. ton dubu).
Sakamakon girbi ana sayar da shi a cikin yankin (ana buƙatar ton dubu 130-135 don amfani da yanki), kuma ana ba da shi ga maƙwabta (ga Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug mai cin gashin kansa - Yugra, zuwa yankin Yamalo-Nenets Okrug, Chelyabinsk da Sverdlovsk. ). Ana kuma fitar da kayayyaki zuwa Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan da Uzbekistan.
GOYON BAYAN CIN DAN KUNSHI
Tare da haɗin gwiwar kudaden kasafin kuɗi na yanki, an gina wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa da dama a yankin, sanye take da hanyoyin zamani na kiyaye ma'aunin da ake bukata ta atomatik. Kayan da fasaha tushe na masana'antu ƙware a cikin namo da kuma ajiya dankali da aka zamani. An maye gurbin injunan noma da taraktoci da ingantattun ingantattun na'urori masu inganci. An rage amfani da aikin hannu zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta.
Hakanan ana ba da tallafi ga shuka dankalin turawa a cikin yankin ta hanyar biyan kuɗi na ɗan lokaci don siyan kayan iri, da kuma biyan wani ɓangare na farashin liming da phosphorite na ƙasa acidic da aka yi niyya don dasa dankali.
KYAUTA DA KYAUTA
Masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Agrarian na Jihar Arewa Trans-Urals da Cibiyar Bincike na Aikin Noma na Arewa Trans-Urals suna tsunduma cikin zaɓin dankalin turawa a yankin. Daga cikin jerin nasarorin da aka samu a baya-bayan nan, ana iya lura da iri-iri mai suna bayan Scout Nikolai Kuznetsov, wanda masu shayarwa na Jami'ar Agrarian suka kirkira a cikin 2016. Wannan dankalin turawa ya dace daidai da yanayin Siberiya kuma yana ba da girbi mai kyau duka a cikin yanayin fari da kuma lokacin bushewar ruwa; iri-iri yana jure wa cututtuka da yawa, yana da ɗanɗano mai kyau kuma baya yin duhu bayan kwasfa, duka danye da dafaffe.
Jami'ar Noma tana da dakin gwaje-gwajen kiwon dankalin turawa. Tun daga 2018, ƙwararrun sa sun shiga cikin wani aikin kimiyya da fasaha mai zurfi: "Kiwo, samar da iri da sarrafa nau'ikan dankalin turawa na gida a cikin yankin Tyumen" tare da abokin ciniki na aikin - Agrofirm KRiMM LLC. A yau, mahalarta aikin suna fuskantar aikin ƙirƙira da kuma gabatar wa kasuwa sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa guda biyu na gida. Lokacin aiwatar da aikin ya kasance har zuwa 2025.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan ba shine farkon kwarewa na shiga cikin aikin kiwo ga kamfanin noma "KRIMM". Kwararrun kamfanin, tare da UralNIISKH (masu kiwon dabbobi - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences E.P. Shanina), sun kirkiro nau'ikan dankalin turawa (Lux, Otrada, Bravo, Mishka, Gornyak), waɗanda ke cikin Rijistar Jiha na Nasarar Kiwo.
Kamfanin noma na "KRIMM" shi ma yana aikin samar da iri na farko kuma yana da nasa dakin gwaje-gwaje don samar da dankalin da ba shi da kwayar cutar bisa ga tushe. Kamfanin yana daya daga cikin shugabannin uku a Rasha wajen samar da dankalin turawa. Kamfanin noma yana ba da kayan iri ga gonaki a yankin da sauran yankuna: daga Krasnodar zuwa Khabarovsk, da kuma zuwa kasashe makwabta.
Sauran gonakin da ke yankin su ma suna mai da hankali sosai wajen bunkasa noman iri. Daga cikin su akwai gonar manoma "Druzhba", wanda ke gudanar da samar da iri a cikin kusanci da Cibiyar Agrotechnological na Jami'ar Agrarian na Arewa Trans-Urals. An samar da filin gwaji a gonar, ana ci gaba da aikin kiwo na hadin gwiwa, ana kuma nazarin sabbin iri.
SAURARA
A bana, kamfanin sarrafa dankalin turawa wanda Agrofirma KRIMM LLC ya gina zai fara aiki a yankin Tyumen. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan zuba jari a yankin, ana aiwatar da shi tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin yankin da kuma gudanarwa na gundumar Uporovsky.
Tsarin da aka tsara na kamfanin shine ton dubu 30 na albarkatun kasa a kowace shekara. Don samar da kayan aiki da albarkatun ƙasa, riƙewar noma ya ƙaru wurin noman dankali.
Shuka za ta ƙware a cikin samar da sabbin samfura don kasuwar Rasha: dankali mai dafaffen rabin dafaffen pasteurized tare da abubuwan ƙari na halitta, kazalika da sabbin peeled, injin da aka rufe sabo da yanke dankali. Marufi a cikin gram 400, biyu da rabi da kilogiram biyar zai ba da damar yin amfani da samfuran da aka kammala a cikin ɗakin dafa abinci na gida da kuma wuraren cin abinci, gami da kantunan makarantu da kindergarten. An tsara cewa kamfanin zai samar da ton 15 na kayayyakin da aka gama a kowace shekara.
A halin yanzu, ana ci gaba da aikin kwamishinonin a masana'antar.
reclamation na
Babban aikin sake dawo da shi a yankin Tyumen ya fara a cikin 50s na karnin da ya gabata. A shekara ta 1992, an gina fiye da tsarin 120 na reclamation a yankin. Fannin filin noma da aka yi noma ya kai kadada dubu 12,4, kuma filin da ya lalace - hekta dubu 92,4. Sai kuma dogon lokacin koma bayan tattalin arziki.
By 2014, yankin na ban ruwa a yankin Tyumen ya kasance 3 hectare - wannan shi ne game da 910% na duk dankalin turawa da kayan lambu shuka, mallakar kungiyoyin noma, 'yan kasuwa da kuma manoma manoma. A lokaci guda, matakin lalacewar tsarin sakewa a yawancin yankuna ya wuce 37%.
Yankin da ke bunkasa harkar noma, ya fuskanci tambayar bukatar dawo da magudanan ruwa da na ban ruwa.
A yau shirin tarayya na shirin "Haɓaka sake fasalin filayen noma a Rasha don 2014-2020" yana taimakawa wajen rage girman matsalar. da kuma wani shiri na yanki na ci gaban sake fasalin filaye a yankin Tyumen, wanda ya fara aiki tun 2016.
Tare da taimakon Shirin Target na Tarayya, an kafa tsarin magudanar ruwa na Kukushkinskaya na hectare dubu 2 a yankin, kuma bisa ga shirin yanki, an shigar da tsarin ban ruwa a wani yanki na fiye da hectare 800 a cikin kamfanin noma. "KRIMM". Tushen ruwa na sabbin filayen ban ruwa shine tafki a kan kogin Chernaya, wanda aka gina a baya.
TAFIYA
A cikin Tyumen yankin, akwai bakwai manyan mahalarta a cikin jerin aikin gona ilimi: Jihar Agrarian University da kuma shida aikin gona makarantu: Tobolsk da Ishim multidisciplinary fasaha makarantu, Golyshmanovsky Agro-Pedagogical College, Yalutorovsk Agrotechnological College, Tyumen Forestry College da Zavodoukovsky Agro -Kwalejin Masana'antu.
Jami'ar Agrarian ta Jihar Trans-Urals ita ce cibiyar yanki na ayyukan ilimi, tallafin kimiyya da samar da samfuran fasaha a cikin rukunin masana'antu.
Jami'ar tana da ɗalibai sama da 4500 da masu horarwa a cikin cikakken lokaci, na ɗan lokaci da na ɗan lokaci a cikin cibiyoyi biyar:
- Cibiyar Agrotechnological (ATI)
- Cibiyar Fasaha ta Injiniya (MIT)
- Cibiyar Kimiyyar Halittu da Magungunan Dabbobi (IB da VM)
- Cibiyar Ilimi ta Nisa (IDE)
- Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba da Sakewa (IPK da PC)
Daliban jami'a suna samun horo mai amfani da karatu a manyan masana'antu kamar shukar kiwo na Yubileiny, kamfanin aikin gona na KRIMM, da Evika-Agro.
Tunatarwa ZUWA DANKUNAN
A cikin 2011, a gundumar Uporovsky na yankin Tyumen, manoma na gida sun kafa abin tunawa ga nau'in dankalin turawa na Zekura. Abin tunawa shine dankalin turawa mai tsawon mita biyu. Kamfanin aikin gona na Uporovsky "KRIMM" ya gina wannan abin tunawa.
Ma'aikatar Agro-Industrial Complex na yankin Tyumen ne ya shirya kayan