A cikin lokacin noma na 2022, yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin beets ɗin sukari ya kasance kusan iri ɗaya kamar na 2021, yana faɗaɗa, a cewar Rosstat, da kashi 2 kawai. Yanayi a yawancin yankuna na noman tushen amfanin gona na fifita girma. Don ceton amfanin gona na gwoza sukari daga cututtuka, kamfanin "Agusta" ya ba wa manoma wani nau'in magunguna masu yawa waɗanda suka yi nasarar cin nasarar gwaje-gwajen, magance cututtuka da kuma kara yawan amfanin gona.
Babban cututtuka na gwoza sukari bisa ga al'ada sun hada da phomosis, fusarium, ramularia, Alternaria, powdery mildew, cercosporosis. Duk da haka, a cikin Rasha a yau, cercosporosis da powdery mildew sun fi kowa da cutarwa. Wadannan cututtuka suna rage yawan amfanin gona, suna rage yawan sukarin amfanin gonakin amfanin gona da kuma lalata karfin ajiyar su.
A causative wakili na powdery mildew yana tasowa ne kawai akan shuka mai rai. White plaque, babban waje ãyã daga cutar, kunshi mycelium na pathogen naman gwari, spore-hali outgrowths a kai da kuma spores ga asexual haifuwa - condia, wanda ya ba da dama tsararraki a lokacin kakar da kuma harba sabon shuke-shuke. Ana adana naman gwari akan ragowar tsire-tsire, tsaba, tushen amfanin gona da aka bari a filin daga bara. Don magance cutar, yana da mahimmanci a lura da fasahar noma, amma tare da babban lalacewa, maganin fungicides shine kawai abin dogara.
Cercosporosis yana shafar ba kawai sukari beets ba, har ma da sauran amfanin gona da weeds. Ya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki a cikin nau'i na nau'i mai zagaye mai launin ruwan kasa tare da ja ko ja-ja-jaja-launin kan iyaka. A causative wakili hibernates a cikin nau'i na mycelium a kan tsohon fi, a kan pericarp na tsaba, a cikin mahaifa tushen. Cutar tana tasowa da ƙarfi a cikin shekaru tare da canza bushewar zafi da yanayin zafi mai matsakaici. Juyawa amfanin gona yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da cercosporosis, amma saboda yawan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na naman gwari, amfani da fungicides yawanci bai isa ba.
“Ya danganta da yanayin yanayin yanayi, daya daga cikin wadannan cututtuka guda biyu yakan fito a gaba. Matsalolin da manoma ke fuskanta sun saba, wanda za a iya cewa, an shirya su. Wasu gonakin sun riga sun fara aiwatar da jiyya na rigakafin fungicidal na farko a cikin wannan lokacin. A kudanci (a Krasnodar da Stavropol) karuwa a cikin amfani rates na fungicides da kuma raguwa a cikin tazara tsakanin jiyya da aka lura, mafi sau da yawa ya zama dole a yi amfani da na uku fungicidal magani, - in ji Vladimir Peshekhonov, babban kwararre a fannin kiwon lafiya. Sashen haɓaka samfur na Avgust Firm JSC a cikin Tsakiyar Black Earth Region.
Shekaru da yawa, masu girbin gwoza suna amfani da irin wannan shirye-shirye daga kamfanin na Agusta kamar Rayok, Benorad, Credo, Kolosal Pro don magance cututtukan tushen. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kewayon kayayyakin kare gwoza sukari ya karu saboda gabatarwar samfuran dangane da sabbin kayan aiki masu inganci - alal misali, epoxiconazole da tetraconazole daga rukunin thiazole. Wadannan sinadaran aiki wani bangare ne na shirye-shiryen Hecate (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), Rakurs (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) da kuma Ruhu (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole). A kan tushen azoxystrobin "Agusta" kuma samar da fungicide "Baly" (propiconazole + azoksystrobin).
"Kadan kalmomi game da azoxystrobin: zama a cikin kakin zuma Layer na ganye, yana kare shuke-shuke daga sabon spores na fungal pathogens. Kuma a hade tare da triazoles, yana iya dakatar da kamuwa da cuta mai tasowa da kuma dakatar da sporulation idan an tilasta jinkirin magani," in ji Vladimir Peshekhonov.
A fungicide "Tirada" (tiram + difenoconazole) shi ma ya nuna wa'adin. Thiram yana ba da aikin tuntuɓar mai ƙarfi akan fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta. Mafi kyawun maganin rigakafi tare da wannan magani shine don kare kariya daga spores germinating a saman ganye.
Gwaje-gwajen sabbin samfura sun shafe shekaru da yawa: alal misali, a cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi akan tushen Cibiyar Bincike ta Duk-Rasha ta Sugar Beet da Sugar mai suna A.L. Mazlumov a cikin yankin Voronezh, wanda aka gudanar a cikin 2017-2019. Fungicides "Gekata", "Ruhu", "Baly" da "Tirada" sun nuna babban inganci idan aka kwatanta da tsare-tsaren gargajiya - amfani da su ya sa ya yiwu a ƙara yawan amfanin gwoza na sukari da ton 4-5 a kowace hectare, da kuma ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Abubuwan sukari a cikin tushen amfanin gona da 0,5-2%.
“A cikin yanayin bushewa a lokacin girma, ana samun mafi kyawun amfanin gona ta hanyar amfani da Balia, 0,8 l/ha da Ruhu, 0,7 l/ha. A cikin shekara mai sanyi, Hecate, 0,8 l / ha, ya zama mafi tasiri akan cercosporosis. "Baly", "Ruhu" da "Hecate" sun rage yaduwa da ci gaban cercosporosis kusan sau 2, powdery mildew - ta sau 4-5 idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa ba tare da magani ba, "in ji Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Kwararrun "Agusta" sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da magungunan fungicides na sama tare da adjuvants "Allur" ko "Polyphem", don haka maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ya yada mafi kyau a kan ganye, ya fi dacewa da shi kuma ya fara aiki da sauri a kan pathogen.