Kula da babban mashaya saita karshe kakar, yadda ya kamata ta yin amfani da jihar goyon bayan kudi - wannan shi ne aikin kafa ga masana'antu ga 2017 da Ministan Aikin Gona na Rasha Federation Alexander Tkachev, magana a All-Rasha agronomic taron a kan Fabrairu 1 a Moscow.
Da yake takaita sakamakon shekarar da ta gabata da kuma tantance hanyoyin ci gaba nan gaba kadan, ministan ya jaddada cewa, masana'antun noma a yau na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tafiyar da tattalin arzikin kasar Rasha: “Lokacinmu ya zo, kasarmu tana bukatar mu! ".
A lokacin jawabinsa, shugaban Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na Tarayyar Rasha ya tunatar da masu sauraro game da alamun rikodin 2016 a cikin girbi na alkama, masara, buckwheat, sunflower, waken soya da gwoza musamman na sukari. A bara, masu noman noma sun girbe kusan tan miliyan 50 daga cikinsa.
Bisa ga wannan manuniya, Rasha ce ta zo kan gaba a duniya, bayan Faransa da Amurka da Jamus. “Hakan zai ba mu damar samar da kusan tan miliyan 6 na sukari, ta yadda ba wai kawai samar da cikakken kasuwar cikin gida ba, har ma da kara fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare, wanda ya zarce tan dubu 200 a kowace shekara,” in ji Ministan.
Alexander Tkachev mai suna shirye-shiryen shuka shuka a matsayin babban fifiko a wannan lokacin. A shekarar 2017, an shirya shuka sama da hekta miliyan 80 na fili.
A al'adance, a jajibirin fara kakar wasanni, mahalarta taron sun tabo batutuwa da dama.
Aiwatar da ƙasar noma
Wani muhimmin bangare na rahoton shugaban kwamitin Duma na Jiha kan al'amuran noma, Vladimir Kashin, ya dukufa kan bukatar bullo da filayen noma da aka yi watsi da su.
A cewarsa, a cikin kwata na karni da suka gabata a cikin tsarin asusun kasa, an rage yawan filayen noma da kusan rabin. Daga kadada miliyan 637,7 a shekarar 1990, zuwa shekarar 2016 ya rage fiye da kadada miliyan 383 a kasar. A sa'i daya kuma, an samu damuwa ta musamman sakamakon raguwar filayen noma da hekta miliyan 25, wanda kadada miliyan 17,2 na noma ne.
Don haka, akwai sama da hekta miliyan 41,5 da aka janye daga juyar da amfanin gona a Rasha, kuma sama da hekta miliyan 56, ko kuma kashi 14,5% na ƙasar noma, ba a yi amfani da su don manufar da aka yi niyya ba.
Shugaban kwamatin ya kira aikin mayar da filayen da aka yi watsi da su a matsayin wani lamari mai muhimmanci a jihar, kwatankwacin noman guraben budurwowi, wanda kasar nan ba za ta iya jurewa ba in ba tare da wani shiri na musamman na gwamnatin tarayya ba, ba tare da ingantaccen kudade ba.
Takin zamani
A cewar ma'aikatar noma ta Tarayyar Rasha, kusan rabin masu noman Rasha ba sa amfani da takin ma'adinai a gonakinsu. Irin wannan tanadi ba shi da tasiri mafi kyau akan inganci da yawan amfanin gona.
Alexander Tkachev, Ministan Noma na Tarayyar Rasha:
"Lokacinmu ya zo, kasarmu tana bukatar mu!"
Shugaban Kwamitin Duma na Jiha kan Al'amuran Noma Vladimir Kashin shi ma ya kira batun taki daya daga cikin mafi daukar hankali: “Ana samun raguwar takin ƙasa ta hanyar rage yawan takin ma’adinai da ake amfani da shi – idan aka kwatanta da 1990, a yau ana sha ƙasa da sau biyar. Ya zama wani yanayi mai ban tsoro - muna amfani da 18% kawai na tan miliyan 10 na takin ma'adinai (kayan aiki) da ake samarwa a Rasha a kowace shekara, sauran kuma ana fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje. "
Amma a kakar wasa mai zuwa akwai dukkan abubuwan da ake bukata don gyara halin da ake ciki. A cewar Igor Kaluzhsky, babban darektan kungiyar masu samar da takin zamani na Rasha, kasuwar taki ta Rasha yanzu tana cikin yanayi mai dadi: farashin ya ragu a kasa da matakin shekarar da ta gabata, ana gabatar da dukkan nau'ikan samfuran a cikin kundin da ake buƙata har ma. sama da su (Kungiyar ta tanadi tanadi don samar da takin zamani ga kowa)...
A lokaci guda, Igor Kaluzhsky ya jawo hankalin masu sauraro zuwa gaskiyar cewa takin ma'adinai sau da yawa ya kasance samfurin da ba za a iya isa ga gonaki ba, tsarin hulɗar tsakanin manoma da masu sinadarai sun kasance marasa haɓaka, wanda masu cin zarafi ke amfani da su. A yanzu haka an bude shari'o'in laifuka sama da 100. Ma’ana an bar gonakin da suka sha wahala daga ‘yan tsaka-tsaki na tunanin ba su da kudi ba tare da taki ba.
Hasashen farashin
Igor Kaluzhsky,
Babban Darakta na Ƙungiyar Masu Samar da Taki na Rasha:
"Halin da ake ciki a kasuwar taki ta Rasha yanzu yana da dadi sosai: farashin ya ragu a kasa da matakin shekarar da ta gabata, an gabatar da dukkanin samfurori a cikin kundin da ake bukata har ma a sama da su ..."
Takaitaccen hasashen halin da ake ciki game da kasuwar noman amfanin gona ta Rasha a cikin 2017 babban darektan IKAR Dmitry Rylko ya gabatar.
Ya yi nuni da cewa, galibin amfanin gona, a cikin noman da ‘yan kasar Rasha suka samu sakamako mai kyau, sun samar da girbi mai kyau a wasu kasashen duniya, wanda hakan ba zai iya shafar farashi ba.
Musamman ma, a yau za mu iya magana game da nau'o'in hatsi masu yawa, wanda zai "saka matsa lamba" akan farashin duniya har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. Haka ya shafi irin mai, ban da irin fyade. Rashin girbin iri na fyade a cikin ƙasashen EU ya haifar da hauhawar farashin wannan sanannen amfanin gona (an yi amfani da fyaɗe a Turai sosai don samar da albarkatun ruwa).
Amma girbin gwoza mafi arha a Rasha ya kasance banbanta da yanayin gaba ɗaya, ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ke samar da ɗanyen sukari a wannan shekara sun sha wahala daga fari. Wannan yanayin ne ya taimaka wajen guje wa hasara mai yawa a cikin kasuwarmu, wanda ba a shirya don irin wannan adadin samfurin ba.
A taqaice dai babban daraktan na IKAR ya bayyana ra’ayin cewa, domin a farfaɗo da al’amura, da haɓaka sauye-sauye ta fuskar masu noman noma a duniya, ya kamata a yi wasu fitattun al’amura ko kuma a samar da sabbin kasuwanni masu ƙarfi (mai kama da haka). zuwa kasuwar biofuel, alal misali).
Taimako da bada lamuni
Natalia Chernetsova, Daraktan Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Tallafin Jiha na Agroindustrial Complex na Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Tarayyar Rasha, ta gabatar da mahimman bayanai game da canje-canjen da suka faru a cikin tsarin matakan tallafi na jihohi ga masu samar da noma.
Ta tuna cewa a yau akwai fannoni 7 na tallafin jihohi: tallafi guda ɗaya (wanda ya mamaye mafi yawan wuraren da ake da su a baya), tallafin wani ɓangare na ƙimar riba, tallafawa lamunin saka hannun jari ta hanyar biyan kuɗin kai tsaye da aka jawo, tallafi mara alaƙa, tallafi ga karuwar yawan aiki a cikin kiwo da tallafi ga mahalarta shirye-shiryen tarayya guda biyu - "Melioration" da "Ci gaban Ci Gaban Karkara".
A cikin 2017, an yi wasu gyare-gyare ga tsarin samun wasu tallafi. Misali, a ranar 21 ga Janairu, an gyara sabuwar hanya don zabar ayyukan da ke da'awar dawo da kudaden saka hannun jari kai tsaye - muhimmin ma'aunin zaɓi shine samun izinin ƙaddamar da kayan aikin.
Daraktan Sashen Tattalin Arziki da Tallafin Jiha na rukunin masana'antu na Agro-Industrial Complex ya kuma tabo batun ba da rancen rangwame. Ta yi nuni da cewa, a bana an fi ba da fifiko wajen bayar da rancen rangwame da suka hada da kiwo da naman shanu, gina wuraren zama na greenhouse da noman gidajen lambu, da kuma dukkan ayyukan da ake aiwatarwa a gabas mai nisa. Aikace-aikacen da aka karɓa daga kamfanoni a wasu wurare za su kasance, a nan gaba, masu samar da noma waɗanda suka gabatar da su kuma za su iya tsammanin samun lamuni akan sharuɗɗan da aka fi so.
Natalia Chernetsova ya bayyana cewa jimlar adadin da aka ware don lamuni mai laushi (21,3 biliyan rubles) ba su da girma sosai, buƙatar su ya fi girma, amma ya zama dole a mayar da hankali kan cika kasafin kuɗi. Shugaban Sashen Tattalin Arziki ya kuma lura cewa a halin yanzu ma'aikatar noma ta bukaci Firayim Minista na Tarayyar Rasha da ya ware ƙarin 14 biliyan rubles, kuma ana fatan za a sami tallafi, tunda kowa ya fahimci mahimmancin hakan. shi ne cewa yakin neman shuka yana faruwa akan lokaci kuma a cikakke.
Dankali
Kamar yadda Petr Chekmarev, darektan sashen girma na shuka, injiniyoyi, sinadarai da kariyar shuka na Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Tarayyar Rasha, ya ce, "muna da matsala guda ɗaya tare da wannan amfanin gona - yawan haɓaka". Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai sauyi a cikin maganinta: an fara aiwatar da fitar da dankalin turawa na kasuwa da iri.
Gaskiya ne, a cewar darektan sashen, don 'yantar da kasuwa da daidaita farashin, ya zama dole a aika ton miliyan 2-3 na samfur a ƙasashen waje da gina masana'antun sarrafa 1-2 a kowane yanki na "dankali".
Tattaunawa game da yiwuwar noman dankalin turawa yayin taron ya ci gaba da ci gaba da Alexander Tkachev, wanda ya gargadi mahalarta masana'antu game da matakan gaggawa don canza ƙwararrun gonaki, yana tunawa da cewa bukatun kasuwa suna canzawa, kuma ci gaban sababbin kwatance koyaushe yana buƙatar saka hannun jari mai mahimmanci. A cewar ministan, daidaito da daidaito ba zai bari masu samar da mu su rasa inganci ba.
Inshorar aikin gona
An gabatar da bayanai game da halin da ake ciki na kasuwar inshorar noma a Rasha a taron da Korney Bizhdov, shugaban kungiyar "United Association of Insurers of the Agro-Industrial Forum" ya gabatar.
Ya yi nuni da cewa, a cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, yankunan da ke da yanayi mai kyau sun kasance kan gaba wajen biyan kudaden da aka samu sakamakon asarar amfanin gona a kasar. A cewar NSA, mafi yawan adadin biyan kuɗi akan manufofi tare da goyon bayan jihar, wanda mambobin ƙungiyar suka kammala, don dukan tsawon lokaci na doka akan goyon bayan jihar don inshora na aikin gona ya karbi gonaki na Tatarstan (1,176 biliyan rubles); masu samar da noma na Stavropol Territory (625 miliyan rubles), agrarians na Krasnodar Territory (529 miliyan rubles) da Belgorod yankin (334 miliyan rubles).
Babban hadarin da aka biya a karkashin kwangila tare da tallafi na jihohi shine ƙasa da fari na yanayi, bushewar iska da kuma ruwa na ƙasa. Waɗannan haɗarin guda 4 suna lissafin kusan kashi 80% na duk kuɗin da NSA ta yi tun 2012. A wannan shekara, masu insurers suna hasashen babban adadin biyan kuɗi a cikin shugabanci na ƙarshe.
Inshorar aikin gona ya kai ga maƙasudin sa a yankuna 28. Akwai wuraren da inshora ya rufe sama da kashi 20% har ma da kashi 30% na kamfanonin amfanin gona.
Shugaban kungiyar masu Inshorar ya bayyana cewa yaduwar inshorar noma ya ta’allaka ne da matakan da hukumomin yankin suka dauka na masana’antun noma. A matsayin misali, ya ba da shawarar kwatanta alamun yankin Samara, inda yawan amfanin gona da inshora a cikin 2015 ya kasance 18%, da Saratov (0,1% na amfanin gona).
Weather
Batun yanayi a cikin masu sauraro masu girma koyaushe yana da mahimmanci musamman. Daraktan Cibiyar Hydrometeorological, Roman Vilfand, a takaice ya bayyana halin da ake ciki yanzu a filayen kasar, inda ya ce a mafi yawan yankuna akwai sanyi mai tsanani a lokacin sanyi, amma akwai isasshen dusar ƙanƙara a ko'ina, don haka faɗuwar yanayin zafi bai shafi halin da ake ciki ba. amfanin gona na hunturu ta kowace hanya. Yanzu za mu iya cewa a zahiri a duk faɗin ƙasar, ana kiyaye yanayin da ya dace sosai don girbi na gaba.
Roman Vilfand kuma ya ba da sanarwar hasashen farko na kamfen ɗin shuka na 2017. A cewar babban jami'in hasashen yanayi na kasar, a mafi yawan yankunan, za a fara aikin fage a kan lokaci kusa da daidaito. Zai yiwu, agrarians daga kudancin yankunan (Stavropol, Krasnodar Territories) za su iya fara aiki a baya kadan.