Yawancin rahotanni a taron kasa da kasa na "Genetics, genomics, bioinformatics and plant biotechnology" (PlantGen2021), wanda aka gudanar a Novosibirsk, an dukufa ne da sabbin hanyoyin kare wannan amfanin gona daga barazanar da hadari iri-iri.
Guzel Burkhanova (Cibiyar Biochemistry da Genetics na Ufa Scientific Centre na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha) ya yi magana game da hanyoyin haifar da juriya dankalin turawa ga ƙwayoyin cuta ta amfani da kwayoyin endophytic Bacillus. Gwajin farko da aka gudanar yayin binciken ya nuna cewa bayan maganin shuka tare da dakatar da kwayoyin kwayoyi, abun cikin kwayar RNA mai yaduwa a ciki ya ragu kuma ayyukan wasu sunadarai masu kariya da enzymes sun karu. Tunda amfani da nau'in kwayoyi daban-daban yana ba da sakamako daban dangane da wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke cutar da tsire-tsire dankalin turawa, mai magana ya lura cewa ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwa don yaƙi da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta zai zama mafi kyau.
Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin zamani na takaddun shaida na iri iri shine SSR genotyping. Tare da taimakonta, an keɓance alamun kwayoyin masu sanarwa, waɗanda ke ba da damar mutum ya sami halayen mutum na nau'ikan nau'ikan halittar jini, wanda ake kira. Bayanin DNA. Kasancewar wannan bayanin yana ba da damar ci gaba da aikin kiwo cikin sauri da ma'ana. Dilyara Gritsenko (Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Kere-kere, Almaty, Kazakhstan) ta gabatar a wurin taron sakamakon binciken SSR na nau’ikan dankalin turawa mai jure cuta. Tabbas, wannan binciken an gudanar dashi tare da girmamawa akan nau'ikan zabin Kazakhstani, wanda ya dace da kasuwar wannan kasar. Amma kwarewar da kanta, da aka samo yayin aiwatarwar, tana da yanayin duniya gabaɗaya kuma ƙila sauran masana kimiyya zasu iya amfani dashi, gami da na Rasha.
Barazanar dankali ba ta takaita ga cututtuka da kwari ba. An sani cewa lokacin da aka fallasa shi da yanayin ƙarancin yanayi (yawanci yayin adana amfanin gona), dankali ya sami ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano wanda mutane ƙalilan suke so. Wannan tsari ana kiransa sanadin tsarkakewar sanyi, lokacinda ake samun sugars masu sauki kamar su glucose daga sitaci. Yayin karin zafi na tubers, alal misali, yayin shirye-shiryen cukwiwa, soyayyen faransan, waɗannan sugars suna amsawa tare da amino acid, wanda ke haifar da ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano mai daɗi, yana ƙara rage halayen masu amfani da tushen amfanin gona.
Hanyoyin gargajiya na rigakafin tsarkake sanadin galibi sukan sauko zuwa kayan aiki na musamman na wuraren adanawa, suna ɗaukar ƙarin kuɗaɗe kuma ba koyaushe suke taimakawa ba. Anastasia Egorova (Cibiyar ilimin kimiyyar halittu da halittar jini SB RAS, Novosibirsk) ta nuna a cikin rahotonta yadda fasahohin kwayar halittar zamani ke taimakawa wajen magance wannan matsalar.
“Mun yi amfani da dabaru biyu. Na farko shine "kashewa" kwayar halittar dake haifar da jujjuya sukrose zuwa glucose da fructose. Gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa wannan yana rage tsananin sanyin saccharification a cikin tsirrai. Kuma yanzu haka muna aiwatar da irin wannan aikin tare da shahararrun irin Rasha dankali. Dabara ta biyu ita ce a gabatar da ita a cikin kiwo dankalin dankalin turawa wanda ya rigaya ya yi hannun riga da sake sadakar, ”inji ta.
Babbar matsalar aiwatar da dabaru na biyu ita ce babban abun da ke kunshe da cututtukan glycoalkaloids na steroidal ga mutane a cikin tushen irin wadannan nau'o'in daji. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun gano kwayar ɗan takarar da ke da alhakin tarawar waɗannan glycoalkaloids, kuma yanzu suna da niyyar “kashe ta”, yayin da suke ci gaba da juriya da tsire-tsire don tabbatar da aikin.
Kamar yadda mai binciken ya lura, wadannan dabarun ne a layi daya, kuma a nan gaba, idan aka sami nasarar kammala aiki a kowane bangare, masu kiwo zasu karbi hanyoyi guda biyu na kirkirar iri dake jurewa ruwan sanyi a lokaci daya.