A wannan shekara, a yankin Samara, a karon farko, wani jirgi mara matuki ya shuka kadada da yawa tare da mustard da clover mai zaki. Wannan dai shi ne gwajin irinsa na farko a yankin. Nauyin nauyin da aka biya ya kai kilogiram 20 tare da ɗan ƙaramin girma na jirgin da kanta. Littafin aikin gona na reshen tarayya "Lardin Vyatka".
Wata tawagar kwararru da ta hada manoma da malamai da daliban jami’ar noma ta jihar Samara ne suka sanya tare da tsara shi domin yin gwajin.
A bara, an shuka shinkafa a Krasnodar ta hanyar amfani da jirgi mara matuki. An zabi filin da ya cika da fadin hekta 5,7 don gwaji. Ba zai yiwu a shuka shinkafa da hannu ba, don haka wani jirgi mara matuki ya taimaka wa manoman. Zai iya motsawa cikin yardar kaina kuma yana rarraba iri tare da adadin iri na 35 da 50 kg/ha.
A cikin ƙasashen Gabashin Asiya (China, Thailand, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu), buƙatar jirage marasa matuƙa na fesa yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri. Kashi 70% na wuraren da jirage marasa matuka a kasar Sin ke fesa shinkafa, alkama da masara sun kasance a matsayi na biyu da na uku. Drones kuma suna sarrafa gwoza sukari, dankalin turawa da gonakin gonaki.
A Japan, sun ci gaba har ma kuma sun riga sun yi amfani da jirage marasa matuka a lokacin lokacin shuka - kuma, sun fi shuka shinkafa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, sha'awar wakilan masana'antar agro-masana'antu a cikin motocin jirage marasa matuki ya karu sosai. Don haka, a cewar manazarta, nan da shekara ta 2024 adadin kasuwannin duniya na jiragen yaki mara matuki zai haura dala biliyan 1.
Jirgin maras matuki yana iya shawagi a manyan wurare cikin sa'o'i kadan. Wannan yana bawa masana aikin gona damar saka idanu akan yanayin tsire-tsire a ainihin lokacin, ƙayyade matakin danshi a cikin ƙasa. Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu masu kyamarori da yawa za su taimaka gano wuraren da ke cikin filin da ke samun ƙarancin taki ko ruwa da yawa. Ka'idar aiki na kamara da yawa shine ɗaukar nau'ikan hasken rana daban-daban waɗanda ke fitowa daga saman tsirrai.
A lokaci guda, drones suna iya yin aiki da kansu: ma'aikaci kawai yana buƙatar saita hanya da manufa akan kwamitin kulawa, kuma drone ɗin zai kammala aikin ta atomatik. UAVs suna aiki akan taswirar filin, wanda ke nufin ba za su iya tashi daga filin ba.
Shuka iri ta amfani da mafita marasa matuki wani sabon salo ne na jirage marasa matuki. An sanye su da masu yadudduka na musamman, suna tashi sama da filayen suna sauke su, tare da abubuwan gina jiki, cikin ƙasa.
A cikin aikin noma, UAVs na helikofta mai yawa-axis ko nau'in "multicopter" suna da kyakkyawan fata. Suna da fa'idodin fasaha da yawa:
- tashi a tsaye da saukowa ba tare da shiri na musamman ba;
- high maneuverability da kwanciyar hankali, samar da high shuka daidaito;
- ƙarancin haɗari a farashi mai karɓa.
Babban hasararsu shine ƙarancin ɗaukar nauyi da ɗan gajeren lokacin tashi. Koyaya, masana'antun yanzu suna aiki tuƙuru don kawar da waɗannan matsalolin kuma suna ba da ƙarin samfura tare da halaye masu karɓa don haɓakar iska.
Tsarin shuka daga jirgi mara matuki yakan kasu kashi biyu. Na farko, ana yin ingantaccen taswirar filin don tantance mafi kyawun wurin kowane iri. Sa'an nan kuma ana aiwatar da aikin shuka tare da hanyar jirgin da aka riga aka halicce shi. Tare da wannan fasaha, ana amfani da nau'in pellet na musamman, wanda aka yi da Layer-by-Layer mai rufi tare da mahadi na musamman, wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan gina jiki, abubuwan ganowa, masu kula da girma, a wasu lokuta ma magungunan kashe qwari da ke korar kwari.
Zane-zane na wasu gine-ginen shuka sun haɗa da amfani da ba kawai pelleted tsaba ba, har ma da capsules na musamman waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe shigar su cikin ƙasa da haɓakawa. Hakanan, kwanan nan an fara ƙaddamar da injunan shuka tare da yaduwar iri centrifugal.