Dankali na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan amfanin gona na Uzbekistan. A lokaci guda, ya cancanci kulawa daga mahangar ci gaban cinikin cin riba. Taron karawa juna sani "fasahar bunkasa dankalin Turawa" wanda aka gudanar a gundumar Bustanlik na yankin Tashkent an sadaukar da shi ne ga wannan batun.
Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan ce, da kungiyar Manoman Dankali da AGROVER LLC - shugaban kasuwar samar da abinci (tebur) da dankalin turawa, adanawa da kuma sarrafa shi gaba daya, in ji rahoton Nuz.uz.
Abubuwa da dama na ci gaban dankalin turawa a Uzbekistan
Fiye da tan miliyan 156 na dankali ake samarwa a kasashe 376,9 na duniya. Uzbekistan tana matsayi na 23 a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. Manyan furodusoshin sune China, India, Russia, Ukraine, USA, Germany, Bangladesh, Poland, France da Netherlands.
A shekarar 2020, an noma tan miliyan 2,9 na dankali a Uzbekistan a dukkan nau'ikan gonaki a duk fadin kasar, wanda tan miliyan daya da rabi ya fada kan gonaki da kamfanonin noma.
“A shekarar 2021, an shirya shuka dankali kan jimillar kadada dubu 86,5, daga ciki za a shuka hekta dubu 50,7 a kan manyan yankuna, kadada dubu 3 a hanyoyin gonaki da gonakin inabi da 32 a yankuna na biyu, kadada dubu 8. , - in ji shugaban sashen ci gaban kayan lambu, noman rani, noman rani da noman dankali na Ma’aikatar Aikin Gona Fakhriddin Kirgizboev. - An kuma shirya bunkasa tan miliyan 3,2 na kayan aiki ta kowane fanni na gonaki (tan miliyan 1,5 - ta gonaki, masana'antun noma, tan miliyan 1,7 ta gonakin dekhkan da filaye na mutum). Domin biyan bukatun yawan dankali da kuma tabbatar da daidaiton farashi a kasuwannin cikin gida, manoma, dekhkans da entreprenean kasuwa ana basu cikakken tallafi a dasa dankali a manyan yankuna da tsakanin layuka na gonaki da gonakin inabi. Ana ba da gonakin da kwaya dankali mai yawa. La'akari da ƙasa da yanayin canjin yanayi na kowane yanki, saboda dasa shukokin da aka zaɓa tsaba dankalin turawa daidai da aiwatar da matakan tsaurarawa akan lokaci, yau ana samun daidaituwar farashin a kasuwa sakamakon girbi da isar da lokacin farkon lokacin girbin dankalin turawa a yankunan kudu, wato a yankin Surkhandarya.da kuma yankuna Kashkadarya. Dangane da buƙatar yawan jama'a don dankali, tun watan Yuni da duk sauran yankuna, samar da dankali a cikin kasuwannin cikin gida an kafa. Shuka dankali kamar yadda ƙarshen amfanin gona ya fara a watan Yuni a yankunan da aka 'yanta daga alkama da sauran amfanin gona na farko. Bugu da kari, kwararru daga kamfanonin noma da cibiyoyin kimiyya na shirya taron karawa juna sani na kimiyya da amfani kan dasa dankali kan yankunan da ake maimaitawa, gudanar da matakan kariya, da yaki da cututtuka da kwari. Ana gudanar da aikin bayani kan daidaitaccen zabi na iri, matakan auna gonar a kan kari, kuma ana bayar da shawarwari dangane da kasar da yanayin yanayin yankuna. "
Manufofin jihar a fagen noman dankalin Turawa
A halin yanzu, an mai da hankali kan samar da dankalin turawa a Uzbekistan. A matakin jiha, ana ci gaba da bullowa tare da bullo da fa'idodi daban-daban, wadanda ke ba da damar kara girman aiwatar da damar da ake da ita a aikace da kuma haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar da biyan bukatun jama'a na dankali. Hakanan jihar tana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban noman dankalin turawa, gabatar da tsarin adanawa da zurfafa sarrafawa, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar ƙarin ƙimar ƙimar.
A ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2020, an zartar da kudurin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan (A'a .PP-4704), da nufin kara samar da mabukaci (tebur) da dankalin iri da kuma biyan bukatun dankali a kasuwar cikin gida. na jamhuriya, faɗaɗa ɓangare da hanyoyin haɗin kai, gabatar da fasahohin zamani a fagen noman dankalin turawa. Dangane da wannan kudurin, gundumomi 40 sun mayar da hankali kan noman dankalin turawa, musamman, gundumomi 23 na dankalin iri, da kuma gundumomi 9 na dankalin dankali mai yawan haihuwa.
A cikin wadannan yankuna, an kirkiro rukuni 8 na noman dankalin turawa, wadanda aka ware musu kadada 2 don noman iri da dankalin masarufi, kuma an kafa noman irin dankalin turawa mai yawan haihuwa.
Exampleaya daga cikin misalan shine Agrover mai narkar da dankalin turawa, wanda aka kirkira a yankin Tashkent, wanda ke samar da dukkanin jerin noman dankalin daga iri zuwa zurfin aiki. Rukunin taron yana amfani da fasahohi na zamani da kayan aiki don inganta ayyukan samarwa, mai amfani da amfanin ƙasa da albarkatun ruwa.
Farkhod Takhirov, darektan Agrover Agro ya ce "Saboda gabatar da tsarin ban ruwa mai yayyafawa da kere-kere a kadada 700 na yankin a cikin 2019-2020, ya kasance ana iya samun tan 40-45 na kayan a kowace kadada ta fili." -Rukunin Dankalin Masana'antu na Kasa. - Ganin cewa dankali na bukatar adana musamman da yanayin kayan kwalliya, ana biyan kulawa ta musamman wajen samar da kayan masarufi don samar da tsarin adana mabukata da dankali a cikin rumbunan adana kayan zamani. Kaddamar da wata cibiya ta hada-hadar masana'antu da masana'antu a yankin na Bustanlik ya ba wa kungiyar mu damar kara karfin dankalin adana dankalin a lokaci daya zuwa tan dubu 50, da kuma kara karfin sarrafa kayan masarufi na farko (kasawa, daidaitawa da kuma kwali) zuwa 100 tan a awa daya. Duk wannan yana ba da damar rage ɓarkewar dankalin da rage su, tare da samar da ingantattun kayan aiki daga filin zuwa ga mabukaci. "
Cibiyar Dankalin Bustanlik (LLC JV "Bustanlik potatochilik markazi"), wanda aka haɗa a cikin gungu, ya kafa noman dankalin turawa na yawan haihuwa a filaye na musamman. Yawan dankalin turawa na shekara-shekara ya kai tan dubu 20.
Kimiyya da fasaha a cigaban noman dankalin turawa
Isasar tana ƙaddamar da matakai waɗanda ke haɓaka haifuwa da ƙarancin dankalin turawa. Don haka, an ƙirƙiri dakunan gwaje-gwaje a cikin-in-vitro a yankunan Tashkent, Samarkand, Namangan da Kashkadarya, inda aka kafa samar da iri na dankali.
Cibiyar Dankalin Uzbek-Hungary, daga cikin manyan ayyukanta wanda shine kiwo irin na dankalin turawa, an bude shi a 2021 a cikin matukin jirgin AKIS na Ilimin Ilimin Noma, Kirkiro da Sabis, wanda Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan ta kirkira tare da goyon bayan Tarayyar Turai da Bankin Duniya a zaman wani bangare na aiwatar da dabarun Bunkasar dabarun noma na Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan har zuwa 2030 ”.
"A yau, cibiyoyin bincike na kasar suna aiki kan bullo da fasahar noman zamani da kere-kere a cikin gida, alal misali, suna kirkirar farkon dan lokaci, tsakiyar lokaci da kuma danyen-dankalin turawa wanda ya dace da kasar gona da yanayin yanayi," in ji babban masanin na sashen kayan lambu da kankana da dankalin turawa, sashen ci gaban kayan lambu, noman shuke-shuke, kayan lambu da noman dankalin na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona Teshaboev Bakhodir. - An mai da hankali sosai ga juriyarsu ga cuta, zafi da fari. Rijistar Jihar ta Noman Noma ta haɗa da sabbin iri iri 131 waɗanda aka ba da shawarar shuka a yankin Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan, waɗanda cibiyoyin bincike na gida suka ƙirƙiri iri 19. Bincike na dogon lokaci na masana kimiyya da hadin gwiwar da suke da ita da kwararru na cikin gida da na kasashen waje na haifar da nasarorin kimiyya. ”
Dangane da Dokar Shugaban Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan na ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2021 Mai lamba PP-5009, an samar da wani shiri na matakai don tsara noman farko na dankali, tare da kayan lambu, kankana da gourds a Bustonlyk, Bulungur, Yangikurgan, Andijan, Altyaryk, Muzrobod, Mirzaobod. Asusun "Tallafin tallafin kudi na binciken kimiyya da sabbin abubuwa na ci gaba, ci gaban iri iri na dankali da samar da irin dankalin turawa" an kirkireshi ne a Cibiyar Bincike ta Kimiyya ta Kayan lambu da Kankana da Dankalin Turawa.
Ana ci gaba da samar da sabbin ire-iren dankalin turawa tare da hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Dankalin Duniya (CIP), kuma ana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga noman dankali daga irin shuka. Don nazarin ƙwarewar ƙasashen waje, horo da horaswa na ƙwararrun masana kimiyya da ƙwararru a ƙasashen waje, ana ba da musayar ƙwarewa da gabatar da sabbin fasahohi cikin samarwa.