Gundumar Tarayyar Caucasus ta Arewa ta ƙunshi batutuwa na tarayya guda 7:
• Jamhuriyar Dagestan,
• Jamhuriyar Ingushetia,
• Jamhuriyar Kabardino-Balkarian,
Jamhuriyar Karachay-Cherkess,
• Jamhuriyar Arewa Ossetia – Alania,
• Jamhuriyar Chechen,
• Yankin Stavropol.
Yanki: 172,4 dubu murabba'in mita km
Yawan jama'a: 9 mutane, wanda 967% mazauna yankunan karkara ne.
Matsayi na yanki: kudancin yankin Turai na Rasha, tsakiya da kuma gabas na Arewacin Caucasus.
Sauyin yanayi: a kan filayen - nahiyar, bushe. A cikin tsaunuka ya fi matsakaici da ɗanɗano, a cikin tsaunuka yana da matsakaicin sanyi, a cikin kwandunan ya fi zafi. Winters suna da ƙananan dusar ƙanƙara, lokacin rani yana bushe da zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a cikin Janairu shine -3,2 ° C (a cikin tsaunuka har zuwa -10 ° C), a cikin Yuli + 20,4 ° C (a cikin tsaunuka har zuwa +14 ° C). Hazo ne 300-500 millimeters a kowace shekara (a kan fili), a cikin tudu - fiye da 600 millimeters.
Taimako: galibin yankin yana mamaye yankin steppe (a arewa da tsakiyar gundumar). Yankin ƙafar ƙafa yana kudu kuma ya tashi daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas, a hankali yana juya zuwa tsaunin tsaunuka na Caucasus.
Kasar gona: 26% - ƙasan chestnut da hadaddun, ƙasan makiyaya-kirji, fiye da 25% - chernozems da ƙasa-chernozem ƙasa. Sama da 6%
mamaye kasar gonaki, galibi solonetzic da solonchakous, fiye da 4% launin ruwan kasa ne da ciyawa-launin ruwan kasa, wani kashi 3% kuma bakin ruwa ne.
ƙasa. Sands ya ƙunshi fiye da 4% na yankin gundumar, lasa gishiri da gishiri - fiye da 1%. Fiye da kashi 7% na murfin ƙasa ana wakilta ta ƙasa mai launin ruwan kasa, fiye da 20% ta ƙasan dutsen dutse da ƙasan tuddai-steppe (bayanai daga Tsarin Bayanai "Ƙasa-Geographical Database of Russia").
Yankin ƙasar noma: 3153847 ha.
Noma - daya daga cikin manyan sassan tattalin arzikin gundumar (wuri na hudu a cikin gundumomi na Tarayyar Rasha a cikin samar da kayan lambu, hatsi).
da kayan lambu na leguminous: game da 15,6% kayan lambu, 10% hatsi da legumes, 4,7% dankali da sukari beets).
Пyanayin ƙasa-yanayin yanayi m ga girma dankali. A duk faɗin yankin, yana yiwuwa a sami girbi biyu a kowace kakar. Babban matsalolin da ke kawo cikas ga ci gaban noman dankalin turawa a yankin Arewacin Caucasian Federal District: rashin ingantaccen iri iri na yankuna, rashin fasahar zamani, da rashin wurin ajiya.
JAMHURIYAR DAGESTAN
Yankin yanki: 50,27 murabba'in mita. km
Ana zaune a kan gangaren arewa maso gabas na Greater Caucasus da wani yanki na Caspian Lowland, kashi 67% na yankin yana mamaye da ƙasar noma.
Ci gaban noma ya fi mayar da kayyade hanyar rayuwar fiye da rabin yawan jama'a: game da 55% na 'yan ƙasa suna rayuwa a cikin
karkara.
Ana noma dankalin turawa a Dagestan a duk yankuna na yanayi da yanayin yanayi, daga manyan tuddai masu tsayi har zuwa 2500.
mita sama da matakin teku, zuwa filayen Caspian, wanda ke ƙasa da matakin teku (-28 m).
Kusan kashi 98% na noman dankalin turawa an tattara su ne a cikin filaye masu zaman kansu na yawan jama'a. Kowace shekara, don namo wannan amfanin gona a
An kasafta jumhuriyar kimanin hekta dubu 19 (a gonaki na kowane nau'i). Ya zuwa ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2021, an girbe dankali daga hekta dubu 18,1 a cikin jamhuriyar,
An hako tan dubu 339,4 tare da yawan amfanin da ya kai 187 c/ha.
Babban yankin dankalin turawa shine Levashinsky (fiye da kadada dubu 3 a ƙarƙashin dankali), Akushinsky (kadada dubu 2,1), Khasavyurtovsky (kadada 1430)
da Buinaksky (1280 ha).
A bangaren da aka tsara, an ware kadada 2021 na filayen noma don noman dankalin turawa a shekarar 400. Kamar yadda masana daga Ma'aikatar Noma da Abinci ta lura:
A Dagestan, noma wannan amfanin gona a kan manyan wurare yana buƙatar zuba jari mai yawa, da kuma samar da kayan aiki na musamman. Don tada faɗaɗa wuraren noman dankalin turawa, sashen na da niyyar ba da tallafin wani ɓangare na farashin kayan aikin gona da aka siya.
Babban abin iyakancewa ga haɓakar dankalin turawa a cikin jamhuriyar shine kuma rashin ingantaccen kayan shuka. Ƙasar ƙasa da yanayin yanayin Dagestan suna da kyau don shuka dankalin iri, gami da ƙungiyar samar da iri na farko ba tare da ƙwayar cuta ba. Amma yayin da babban adadin kayan shuka ya zo cikin jumhuriyar daga sauran yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha, sau da yawa yana da ƙarancin inganci da nau'ikan da ba a yi rajista ba, wanda ke shafar alamun yawan aiki da adadin girbi.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa yawancin ƙasar jamhuriyar, musamman ƙasar noma, tana cikin yankunan da ba su da isasshen danshi, inda kusan ba zai yiwu a shiga ayyukan noma ba tare da amfani da ban ruwa ba. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Ma'aikata na Majalisar Tarayya (Analytical Bulletin No. 4 (764), Dagestan yana daya daga cikin manyan yankunan da aka kafa tarihi.
noman ban ruwa, wanda ke da kusan kashi 10% na duk ƙasar da ake noma ruwa a Tarayyar Rasha. Jimillar filin noman ruwa a cikin jamhuriyar shine kadada dubu 396. A yau, kusan kashi 70 cikin XNUMX na amfanin gonakin da ake nomawa a jamhuriyar
akan filayen ban ruwa. Yawan amfanin dankalin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin ban ruwa ya kai 60-70 t/ha.
A cewar Dagestanstat (Hukumar Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tarayya ta Jamhuriyar Dagestan), a cikin dukkan nau'ikan gonaki:
Shekara | 2018 | 1019 | 2020 |
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 19818 | 18972 | 18000 |
girbi mai yawa, ton dubu | 356,2 | 353,4 | 357,0 |
yawan amfanin ƙasa, tsakiya ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 186,2 |
JAMHURIYAR KABARDINO-BALKARIYYA
12,5 dubu sq. km
Tana cikin tsaunin arewa na tsakiyar yankin Caucasus da kuma a gefen fili. Ƙasar noma ta mamaye kusan kashi 55,8% na ƙasar. Babban alkiblar noman amfanin gona ita ce noman hatsi da kayan marmari.
Babban adadin samar da aka tattara a cikin Zolsky, Prokhladnensky, Baksansky, Maysky da Tersky yankuna. A cewar ma'aikatar noma ta Kabardino-Balkaria, kusan kashi 52% na jimillar abubuwan da ake nomawa suna zuwa ne daga fannin masana'antu da kuma kashi 48% daga wasu filaye na sirri.
A cikin 2021, zuwa 1 ga Oktoba, saboda yanayin yanayi mai wahala, an tattara girbi daga hekta dubu 6,3 kawai (a gonaki na kowane nau'i), 110
ton dubu na samfurori tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na 173 c/ha. Kungiyoyin noma da gonakin manoma sun girbe dankali daga yanki mai fadin kadada dubu 4, jimillar girbin ya kai tan dubu 0,02 tare da yawan amfanin gona na 0,7 c/ha.
Ƙasa da yanayin yanayi (zazzabi, zafi, hazo, rashin yawan masu ɗauke da cututtuka na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, da dai sauransu) a cikin tudun tudu da tsaunuka na jamhuriyar an gane su a matsayin mafi kyau duka don noman dankalin iri.
A cewar North Caucasusstat (Ofishin Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tarayya na Gundumar Caucasus ta Arewa), a Kabardino-Balkaria:
Shekara | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i | |||
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 8400 | 8300 | 7900 |
yawan, c/ha | - | 235,5 | 236,1 |
a kungiyoyin noma da gonakin manoma: | |||
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 2500 | 2800 | 2500 |
girbi mai yawa, ton dubu | 87,9 | 103,8 | 93,4 |
Zaɓin dankalin turawa da samar da iri sune mahimman wuraren aiki a Cibiyar Aikin Noma na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kaliningrad na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Rasha. Masana kimiyya na cibiyar tare da Cibiyar Bincike ta Tarayya mai suna Dankali mai suna. A.G. Lorkha (Moscow) suna tsunduma cikin ƙirƙira da gabatar da nau'ikan iri masu yawan gaske a cikin ayyukan noma a yankin. A sakamakon aikin haɗin gwiwa, nau'in dankalin turawa guda biyar sun bayyana a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sun dace da su
ƙasa na gida da yanayin yanayi tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na ton 30-35 a kowace hectare: Goryanka, Nart-1, Zolsky, Musinsky da Nalchiksky. Dukan su suna cikin rajista na Jiha na Nasarar Zaɓar Nasara na Tarayyar Rasha.
Babban mai samar da dankalin iri a Kabardino-Balkaria shine kamfanin Zolsky Potato.
An mai da hankali sosai ga ci gaban sake fasalin ƙasa a cikin jamhuriyar.
JAMHURIYAR KARACHAY-CHERKASSIAN
14,3 dubu sq. km
Ana zaune a cikin tsaunin arewa maso yammacin Caucasus. Kason mutanen karkara shine kashi 57,7%.
Jamhuriyar Karachay-Cherkess ta bambanta sosai da sauran yankuna na Arewacin Caucasus dangane da tsarin yankin ƙasa, tunda ga
Kasa da rabin yankin ya dace da noma a nan - 786,9 kadada dubu. A lokaci guda kuma, ƙasar noma ta mamaye kadada dubu 155 kacal, wato kashi 26,6% na ƙasar noma.
Babban samar da dankali yana mayar da hankali a cikin gidaje.
A cikin 2021, kadada 7441 dankali ke mamaye a Karachay-Cherkessia, wanda kadada 6063 ke cikin gidaje, hekta 936 a cikin gonakin manoma, kadada 442 a kungiyoyin aikin gona. Ya zuwa ranar 1 ga Oktoba, an tattara amfanin gona daga hekta 6245, an samu ton dubu 79,6 na kayayyakin da yawan amfanin gona da ya kai 127,4 c/ha.
JAMHURIYAR AREWA OSSETIA - ALANIA
8 dubu sq. km
Located a tsakiyar yankin na North Caucasus. Filayen noma ya kai hekta dubu 297,5, daga ciki akwai filin noma
- hekta dubu 183,7.
Babban amfanin gona na noma da ake nomawa a cikin jamhuriyar shine hatsi da legumes, da dankali.
Lokacin 2021 ya kasance mai wahala ga Arewa Ossetia; saboda yanayin yanayi, manoma sun jinkirta lokacin girbi sosai. Bayan haka, in
An samu karancin ma'aikata a yankin. A sakamakon haka, a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i, an girbe dankali daga wani yanki na hectare dubu 2,2.
ha, an tattara tan dubu 34,6 tare da yawan amfanin gona na 157,1 c/ha. Adadin tarin da aka annabta shine ton dubu 96,2. An girbe dankali a bangaren masana'antu
daga kadada dubu 0,2, an tattara tan dubu 3,5 tare da yawan amfanin gona na 226,8 c/ha.
Kazalika mai zuwa, bisa hasashen ma'aikatar noma da abinci ta jamhuriyar, za a kara yawan filayen noman dankalin turawa da hekta 900, wanda zai taimaka wajen rage farashin kayayyaki a yankin.
Arewacin Ossetia yana daya daga cikin manyan yankuna na Rasha wajen samar da dankalin iri. Fat-Agro LLC shine babban mai samar da nau'in nau'in dankalin turawa marasa cutarwa na manyan nau'ikan zaɓi na gida da na waje. Adadin samfuran iri da Fat-Agro LLC ke samarwa ya zarce buƙatun jamhuriyar, don haka kamfanoni ke siyar da microplants, microtubers, minitubers, elite da iri na farko na haifuwa na kamfani a cikin ƙasa da waje. Samar da haifuwa
LLC Kadgaron-Agro kuma yana samar da irin dankalin turawa a cikin jamhuriyar.
Ana ci gaba da farfado da filaye a yankin, sama da hekta dubu 2021 na filin ban ruwa ana shirin fara aiki a shekarar 2.
JAMHUURIYAR INGUSHETIA
3,6 dubu sq. km
Ana zaune a kan gangaren arewacin tuddai na Babban Babban Caucasus Range (a tsakiyar ɓangarensa) kuma a kan ƙaramin kusa.
ridges - Tersk, Sunzhensky da Skalist.
A cewar North Caucasusstat (Ofishin Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tarayya na Gundumar Caucasus ta Arewa), a cikin Jamhuriyar Karachay-Cherkess:
Shekara | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i | |||
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 8700 | 7800 | 7900 |
yawan, c/ha | 123,8 | 107,9 | 104,9 |
a kungiyoyin noma da gonakin manoma: | |||
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 500 | 200 | 200 |
girbi mai yawa, ton dubu | 4,0 | 3,4 | 1,7 |
yawan, c/ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 0,286 |
Yawancin jama'a (57,5%) suna zaune a yankunan karkara.
Jimlar ƙasar noma a cikin Ingushetia ya wuce kadada dubu 150, wanda kusan rabin ƙasar noma ce. Jamhuriyar ta kware wajen noman hatsi (alkama, buckwheat, da sauransu), sunflowers, kayan lambu da dankali.
A cikin 2021, yankin dashen dankalin turawa a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i ya kai kadada dubu 3,7.
A cewar Arewacin Caucasusstat (Ofishin Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tarayya na Gundumar Caucasus ta Arewa), a cikin Jamhuriyar Arewacin Ossetia-Alania:
Shekara | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i | |||
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 5000 | 4300 | 4100 |
yawan, c/ha | 99,3 | 89,2 | 96,1 |
a kungiyoyin noma da gonakin manoma: | |||
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 2800 | 2400 | 1100 |
girbi mai yawa, ton dubu | 32,9 | 26,9 | - |
A cewar North Caucasusstat (Ofishin Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tarayya na Gundumar Caucasus ta Arewa), a cikin Ingushetia:
Shekara | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i | |||
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 3100 | 3000 | 2700 |
yawan, c/ha | 37,3 | 33,0 | 30,2 |
a kungiyoyin noma da gonakin manoma: | |||
yankin da aka shuka a ƙarƙashin dankali, ha | 703 | 750 | 500 |
girbi mai yawa, ton dubu | 4,0 | 0,4 | 0,2 |
JAMHURIYAR CHECHEN
16,1 dubu sq. km
Ya mamaye gangaren arewa na Babban Caucasus, da kuma tsaunin da ke kusa da filayen. Yawancin jama'a (63,6%) suna rayuwa
a cikin karkara. A cikin tsarin ƙasar noma, ƙasar noma ta mamaye kadada 14. Ana shuka dankali a duk yankuna masu tsaunuka.
A cewar ma'aikatar noma ta Jamhuriyar Chechen, a shekarar 2020, an ware hekta 600 don dankali a bangaren masana'antu.
Yankin sau da yawa yana fama da fari, don haka yana mai da hankali sosai ga ci gaban sake fasalin ƙasa. A shekarar 2021, a Jamhuriyar Checheniya an shirya za a watsa kasa mai fadin kadada 3 na ban ruwa, da kuma kadada 820 na filayen noma da aka yi watsi da su.
A cewar Chechenstat (Hukumar Hukumar Kididdigar Jiha ta Tarayya ta Jamhuriyar Chechen):
Shekara | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i: | |||
yankin shuka karkashin dankali da kayan lambu guna, ha | 12600 | 13600 | 11700 |
girbi mai yawa, ton dubu | 32,1 | 32,7 | 38,7 |
yawan, c/ha | 100,4 | 99,9 | 94,5 |
a kungiyoyin noma da gonakin manoma: | |||
yankin shuka karkashin dankali da kayan lambu guna, ha | 5600 | 6500 | 4300 |
A cewar Arewacin Caucasusstat (Ofishin Hukumar Kididdiga ta Tarayya na Gundumar Caucasus ta Arewa), a cikin Yankin Stavropol:
Shekara | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i: | |||
yankin shuka karkashin dankali, ha | 14000 | 13600 | 13100 |
girbi mai yawa, ton dubu | 232,5 | 217,6 | 218,0 |
a kungiyoyin noma da gonakin manoma: | |||
yankin shuka karkashin dankali da kayan lambu guna, ha | 5000 | 5500 | 5200 |
girbi mai yawa, ton dubu | 115,5 | 113,0 | 137,0 |
STAVROPOL YANKIN
66,5 dubu sq. km
Ana zaune a tsakiyar tsakiyar Ciscaucasia kuma a kan gangaren arewa na Babban Caucasus.
Yana daya daga cikin yankunan da ake noman hatsi mafi girma a Rasha. Amma kuma ya shahara wajen samar da kayan lambu (albasa, karas, kabeji, beets, cucumbers, tumatir) da dankali. Masu noma 241 ne (kamfanonin noma 45 da gonakin manoma 196) ke aiki. Kamfanonin noma na yankin su ne kan gaba wajen samar da amfanin gona kamar: dankali (50%), albasa (46%), karas (40%), yayin da kashi 60% na gwoza ke samar da gonakin manoma.
Babban kamfanonin noman dankalin turawa suna cikin yankunan Ipatovsky, Predgorny, Krasnogvardeysky da Kirov. Mafi mashahuri iri a yankin sune Colomba, Gala, Romano, da Red Scarlett.
A cikin 2021, an shuka dankali a kan kadada dubu 6 a fannin masana'antu. Manoma sun fara girbi irin dankalin da aka makare
a karshen watan Satumba, lokacin da yanayi yayi kyau. A cewar hukumomin aikin gona (sashe) na gundumomin birni da na birni, zuwa
A farkon watan Oktoba, an girbe tan dubu 3,2 na dankali daga wani yanki mai girman hekta dubu 90,4, tare da yawan amfanin gona na c/ha 280. Gabaɗaya, an shirya girbi ton dubu 2021 na dankali a shekarar 138.
Ana ɗaukar haɓakar samar da iri na fitattu da haifuwa ɗaya daga cikin mahimman yanayi don haɓaka amfanin dankalin turawa a yankin.
Meristem Cultures LLC ita ce kawai ƙungiya a cikin Stavropol Territory mai tsunduma cikin samar da iri na farko na dankali bisa al'adun nama. Kowace shekara kamfanin yana samar da ton dubu 1-2 na dankalin turawa iri-iri. Sakamakon aikin kiwo, an samar da sabbin iri guda biyar.
Ana daukar bunkasuwar noman noma a matsayin mabudin daidaita tattalin arzikin manoma a yankin.
A bana, ana aiwatar da sabbin ayyukan ban ruwa guda 14 a gundumomi 26 na yankin da ke da fadin kasa sama da hekta dubu 12. Nan da shekarar 2024, a yankin Stavropol, sun yi shirin kara yawan yankin noman ruwa da jimillar kadada dubu 52. Don haka, idan aka kwatanta da 2016, yankin ban ruwa zai karu da sau 2,5 - ta kadada dubu 73. An riga an fara aiwatar da ayyuka ta wannan hanyar: an haɓaka sabbin ayyukan da aka tsara don ƙaddamarwa kuma an ƙaddamar da su a cikin 2022. Za su mamaye fadin kadada dubu 11,5.