Yanayi da shirye-shiryen manoma na Babban Gundumar Tarayya, Yankin Volga da kudancin ƙasar an gano su ta hanyar masu tarawa na gaba "Fihirisar Bunƙasa Masu Noman Noma a Rasha". Daga cikin wadanda aka ba da amsar akwai wakilai na kayan gona da manoma, wanda babban kudin shigar su ke zuwa ne daga noman amfanin gona. Rossiyskaya Gazeta ya tattauna yanayin tare da masana.
Girbi daga musayar kuɗi
Cutar ta cutar ta yi mummunan tasiri ga kasuwanci na kashi 57 na gidajen da aka bincika. Kuma kashi biyu ne kawai suka ce halin da suke ciki ya fi dacewa. Sauran suna jin tsoron ƙarancin gaba.
Wakilan manyan kamfanoni ne daga cikin manyan dalilan rashin damuwa da ake kira da dala da kuma hauhawar farashin kashi 20 cikin dari a farashin “abin da ake ci”.
“Farashin kayayyakin kariya daga shuke-shuke, takin zamani da mai da man shafawa sun tashi. Kodayake shekaru biyu da suka gabata dala a cikin bazara shima yakai ruble 68, kuma sinadaran aikin gona sun kasance arha 40 cikin ɗari. Menene ya canza? Farashin mai ya fadi - mai ya tashi, "in ji Konstantin Zemlyanoy, mataimakin darakta a ofishin kula da aikin gona na Krasnogvardeisky da ke Stavropol.
Fata daya don samun nasarar fitarwa. Zemlyanoy ya ce: "Idan farashin ya kai rubles 70-72, to za mu sami riba," in ji Zemlyanoy. Idan darajar kudin ta banbanta, masu kiwon shuka za su "sag" duka a cikin kudaden shiga da kuma cikin riba, in ji Sergey Miryuk, babban darakta na kamfanin Kursk "Grainrus Agro". "Idan dala tayi tsada 68 na rubles a lokacin kamfen girbi," in ji shi, "kudaden shigar mu zai ragu koda da rub. Fitar da kaya daga waje na iya faduwa: kudancin kasar ba za su so yin aiki da irin wadannan farashin ba. " Farananan gonaki ne kawai za a tilasta sayar da hatsi cikin arha don biyan bashi, Zemlyanoy ya ƙara da cewa.
Ba duk abin da aka rasa ba
Kuma duk da haka, bisa ga bayanin, sama da rabin masu noman tsire har yanzu suna fatan ƙara samun kudin shiga. Idan ba wannan kakar ba, to na gaba tabbas. Increasearuwar na iya samar da wadataccen haɓaka da ƙananan farashi mai ƙima.
Ingantaccen amfanin ƙasa a cikin 2020 ana tsammanin ta kashi 68 cikin dari na mahalarta binciken (kusan kashi 10 cikin 2019 fiye da na XNUMX). Babban aiki a nan, a ra'ayinsu, ana yin su ne ta samfuran kariya na shuka da kyawawan tsaba. Kowane sakan na biyu ya lura da irin gudummawar gudanarwa da kuma ainihin fasahar noma.
Tsarin wuraren da aka shuka a tsakiya da kuma a kudu ya canza. Amma wannan ba saboda coronac rikicin bane, amma ga yanayin kasuwa gaba ɗaya. A cewar darakta janar na kungiyar ICAR Dmitry Rylko, a lokacin faduwa a bayyane yake cewa a kudu, alkama da alkama kamar yadda ake samun wadataccen amfanin gona mai dorewa.
“An gudanar da shuka shuka na noman damuna a yankin tsakiyar. Sannan kuma sun shagaltar da babbar dunƙulen tare da alkama mai bazara. Hoton ba na al'ada bane: tsawon shekaru 20 an sami canji zuwa amfanin gona na hunturu, Rylko ya jaddada. "Kusa da yin rikodin lambobi don sunflower da dasa masara." A cikin Yankin Voronezh, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin amfanin gona tare da damar fitarwa ya faɗaɗa: waken soya, masara, sha'ir.
A cikin Gundumar Tarayya ta Tsakiya, samar da masara na hatsi a baya an ci gaba da sauri: babu isassun masu hawa da karfin bushewa. Kayan gona sun shiga cikin wannan amfanin gona. Yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa don bushewa da adanawa, ta yadda masara za ta iya dawo da matsayin ta cikin sauƙi. Yana da kyakkyawar riba, akwai sababbin kasuwanni.
Daga cikin manyan matsalolin wannan kakar, manoma sun kira dala da karuwar kashi 20 cikin dari na hauhawar farashin tsaba da kuma sunadarai kan aikin gona.
Irin wannan yanayin yana tare da waken soya. “A wani lokaci, an kafa tarihi a Rasha ta Tsakiya, sannan kuma abin kunya ya zo. Dalilin kuwa mai sauki ne: babu sake amfani da shi. Yanzu suna gina irin wadannan masana'antu da yawa, "in ji Rylko.
Fitar da kaya na son kwanciyar hankali
Ana sanya hannun jari da kayan aiki. Don haka, Kamfanin Kursk ya ƙaddamar da tashar fitarwa don jigilar kaya da yawa kamar yadda ya cancanta a lokacin lokaci mai ban sha'awa, in ji Sergei Miryuk.
Ya ce, "Babban abu, shi ne cewa ba a gurguntar da mu ta matakan da ke hana gasa ta dabi'a. In ba haka ba, kowa zai yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da hatsi zuwa lokaci ɗaya zuwa yankin dala, ƙirƙirar ɗakunan lodi don ƙarfin kwanciyar hankali. Za mu rasa duka tazara, da kyawun kasuwancin, da kuma martabarmu a matsayin masu kawo kaya. " Zemlyanoy ya tallafa wa abokin aikin, yana mai lura da cewa akwai bukatar a samar da kyakkyawar jagora don wadataccen hatsin hatsi a cikin kasuwar cikin gida da kuma 'yancin siyar da rarar.
"Na'am, a shekarar 2020 shawarar takaita fitar da hatsi zuwa tan miliyan bakwai (daga 1 ga Afrilu zuwa 30 ga Yuni) na da kyakkyawan dalili," in ji babban daraktan IKAR. - An rake alkama zuwa hatsi, masu shuka a Siberia suna da matsaloli. Amma bayyana tsarin fitar da kaya zuwa kowane rabin rabin shekara yana nufin rage jinkirin saka hannun jari wanda masana'antar ta cancanci. "
Dangane da shirin manoma na hannun jarin, an lura cewa da yawa basu da tabbas game da gobe.
Bala'i ba shine babban abu ba
Kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na masu amsa suna da niyyar kara saka hannun jari a harkar kasuwanci. Amma idan shekara guda a baya, kashi 86 yana zuwa sake daidaita babban birnin da aka kafa (saya kayan aiki, gina shagunan ajiya), yanzu rabon irin waɗannan kamfanoni sun ragu da kashi 20 cikin dari. Kuma rabo daga waɗanda ke haɓaka hannun jari a babban birnin aiki (tsaba, takin zamani, agrochemicals) ya ƙaru.
Wato, masu aikin gona suna mai da hankali kan ayyukan "na ɗan lokaci". "Kamfanoni ba su da tsarin bunkasa dabaru, saka hannun jari ya dogara da sakamakon kakar kuma a wasu lokuta ana yin su ne da karfi, alal misali, lokacin da ake bukatar sake farfadowa," in ji Anton Pushkarev, wakilin hukuma na Syngenta.
Dmitry Rylko yayi tsokaci "Saboda annobar, kasuwar hadaddiyar masana'antar masana'antu ta kasance cikin yanayi na rashin tabbas, kuma yawancin gonaki sun zabi dabarun daidaitawa." - Faduwar ruble, a gefe guda, na da amfani ga manoma. Ta wani bangaren kuma, yana wahalar da su ga samun damar ci gaban fasahohin duniya ”. A cewar masanin, za a dade ana jin sakamakon cutar ta COVID-19. Koyaya, yin la'akari da amsar da masu ba da labarin, ba shine babban matsalar su ba. Canje-canje a cikin kasuwar canjin kuɗi da rikicewar yanayi sun kasance mafi mahimmancin barazanar. Saboda haka, sun haɓaka albarkatun alkama "tsayayyu", suna fatan kyakkyawan yanayi don fitarwa.
Rubutun Tatyana Tkacheva