Anastasia Borovkova, Omia Ural LLC, Manajan Ci Gaban Ciniki
Dankali ya daɗe yana zama amfanin gona na musamman a ƙasarmu, wanda ake noma shi a kusan dukkanin yankuna na Rasha, kuma sauye-sauyen rayuwar ɗaukacin al’umma dangane da annobar ta sake tabbatar da buƙatar “burodi na biyu” ga mutane. Ba daidaituwa ba Qu Quongyu, Darakta-Janar na Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO), ya sanar da cewa 2021 za ta zama shekarar Duniya ta Frua Fruan itace da etyaetyan itace wayar da kan mutane game da mahimmancin waɗannan kayayyakin don abinci mai gina jiki, wadatar abinci da lafiya.
Duk da wannan, a cikin Rasha akwai halin da zai rage yankin noman. A cewar Rosstat, yankin noman dankalin a bangaren masana'antar dankalin turawa da ke bunkasa a Rasha a shekarar 2020 a gonakin dukkan nau'ikan ya kai hekta dubu 280,9, wanda ya kai kasa da 8,0% (hekta dubu 24,4) kasa da shekarar 2019. Fiye da shekaru 5, sun ragu da 22,1% (ta kadada dubu 79,7), sama da shekaru 10 da - 21,5% (ta kadada dubu 77,0). Amfanin, a gefe guda, yana ci gaba da haɓaka kuma ya karu a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata daga 13,6 t / ha zuwa 24,4 t / ha. Wannan ya yiwu ne saboda karuwar al'adun fasahar noma a gonaki, gami da karuwar amfani da takin ma'adanai.
A yanzu haka, masu kera gida suna samar da nau'ikan takin zamani sama da 60. A cikin 2021, a cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, ana shirin sayan takin mai ma'adinai a matakin tan miliyan 4 na mai, wanda ya ninka da kashi 14% fiye da na bara.
Koyaya, ba koyaushe ƙara ƙari yake da kyau ba, tunda akwai iyakantattun yanayi don amfanin takin mai magani kuma wannan, da farko, shine ƙarancin acidity na ƙasa, wanda yana rage ƙimar yawan shayar ƙwayoyi masu tsire-tsire (Table 1) .
Table 1
Absorimar shayarwa mai gina jiki dangane da ƙasa pH
pH | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 |
N | 30 | 43 | 77 | 89 | 100 |
P2O5 | 23 | 31 | 48 | 52 | 100 |
K2O | 33 | 52 | 77 | 100 | 100 |
Source: Omia White littafi
A irin wannan yanayi, ba wai kawai iya narkar da aikin gona na takin zamani ba, amma har da asarar tattalin arziki. Bari muyi lissafi, ta amfani da misalin dankalin tebur, wacce asara a kowace kadada ake tsammani a pH 5,5 da kuma matsakaicin yanki na N120 P100 K240.
Ana yin lissafi bisa tsarin:
kudin taki | Х | kashi taki | Х | (100 - haɓakawa a cikin pH da aka bayar) | = | asara a cikin rubles / ha |
Nitrogen (ammonium nitrate)
Asara a cikin rubles / ha = 13000 * 0,296 * (100-77) = 885,0 rubles / ha
Phosphorus (ammophos)
Asara a cikin rubles / ha = 26450 * 0,192 * (100-48) = 2640,7 rubles / ha
Potassium (azaman potassium chloride)
Asara a cikin rubles / ha = 18000 * 0,4 * (100-80) = 1440 rubles / ha
Jimla: 4965,7 rubles / ha
A cikin lissafin, ba muyi la'akari da asarar da aka samu daga ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki akan ƙasa mai guba ba, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ƙarancin amfanin gona kuma a cikin lalacewar ingancin tubers: mafi saukin kamuwa da rauni yayin girbi, rashi da voids na tubers, fatattaka, rauni fata, da dai sauransu, amma duk wannan yana shafar ƙimar abubuwan da aka gama.
Akwai hanyar fita - wannan shine ƙarancin ƙasa, wanda yanzu ke karɓar babban kulawa a matakin jiha. Matsalolin raunin gargajiya sanannu ne ga kowa: yawan aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace (5-10 t / ha) suna yin wannan dabarar da aiki da tsada, fasahar aikace-aikace da daidaiton rarrabawa ba su da yawa, ana lura da iyakar tasirin bayan shekaru biyu sannan kuma yana raguwa sosai, Har ila yau, ingancin kayan lemun tsami da ba su da kyau.
Wani sabon samfuri ya bayyana akan kasuwar Rasha wacce zata iya magance matsalar cikin sauri da inganci. Wannan Omya ne Calciprill ® - takin alli don abinci mai gina jiki da sake fasalta ƙasa a cikin madaidaicin sifar ƙwarya. Particlesananan ƙananan abubuwa masu haɓaka tare da babban aiki yadda ya kamata suna tsara pH kuma suna haifar da saurin amsar amfanin gona. Shi kadai ko a hade tare da sauran takin Omya Calciprill ® amfani da shi kafin shuka, a shuka ko kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Ana iya amfani da shi bayan narkarwar gargajiya, kafin farawar tasirin lemun tsami, a matsayin taki mai saurin aiki wanda ke canza pH a cikin makonni 3-4 bayan aikace-aikacen, kuma bayan farawar tasirin, a matsayin wakili mai tallafawa.
Abubuwa masu mahimmanci:
Applicationananan aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace daga 250 zuwa 1000 kg / ha
Tabbatar da yawan shan da amfani da takin mai mahimmanci
Nisantar da manyan yankuna godiya ga babbar fuskar lamba
Inganta tsarin ƙasa, rashin ƙarfi da juriya da ruwa
Rage abubuwan dake cikin nau'ikan mai guba na aluminum a cikin ƙasa
Sauƙi don amfani tare da daidaitattun masu shimfiɗa.
Don haka, amfani da hanyoyin zamani na tsara ƙarancin ruwan ƙasa da tsarin abinci mai gina jiki don dankali zai ba da gudummawa ga ɗorewar ɗorewar amfanin ƙasa da ƙimar samfur.
Hakoki na Talla