Maryamu Erokhova, MD, Sashen Dankali da Cututtukan kayan lambu, FGBNU VNIIF
Maria Kuznetsova, Shugaban Ma'aikatar Dankali da cututtuka na kayan lambu, FGBNU VNIIF
Kwanan nan, ƙwayoyin cuta sun zama cuta mai lahani ga dankalin turawa a Rasha. Yawancin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta (misali, kwayar Y-dankalin Turawa) an gane su a matsayin abubuwan da ba a keɓance su ba don dankali iri a cikin EU a cikin 2019.
1Ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2020, Majalisar Dankali ta Duniya ta dauki bakuncin wani gidan yanar gizo mai suna "Dankali da ake Cutar da Ita: Sabon Bayani. An riga an sanya shigarwar gidan yanar gizon a cikin Turanci a shafin yanar gizon Majalisar Dankali ta Duniya a bude hanya.
Mai watsa shiri na webinar shine Dr. Alexander Karasev. Shi kwararren kwararren masani ne a fannin ilimin furucin motsa jiki. Alexander Karasev ya karɓi digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar kere-kere daga Jami'ar Jihar Moscow. M.V. Lomonosov, babbar mahimmanci a cikin ilimin Ilimin cuta. Tun daga 2006, yana aiki a Jami'ar Idaho (Amurka). A cikin aikin bincikensa, Dr. Karasev ya ba da kulawa ta musamman ga nazarin Y-virus dankalin turawa.
A lokacin webinar, Dr. Karasev ya tuno da cewa dankalin Y-dankalin turawa ya shafi potiviruses (Potyvirus). Kamar kowane ƙwayoyin cuta, pathogen ne mai wajaba ne mai sauƙi kuma yana iya yin kwafin kansa kawai a cikin sel tsararrun tsire-tsire daga dangin Nordhade. Ana adana pathogen a cikin zuriya iri kuma a cikin “tsire-tsire masu sa kai”. Za a iya yada kwayar cutar ta Y-virus a zahiri, haka kuma vector - ta hanyar vector na kwari. Irin waɗannan kwari don kwayar Y suna aphids waɗanda ke yada shi ta hanyar da ba za a ci gaba ba.
Alexander Karasev ya jaddada cewa kwayar Y cuta cuta ce mai matukar illa, saboda tana haifar da asarar amfanin gona kai tsaye. An kafa cewa idan cutar ta shafi 1% na yankin dankalin Turawa, manomi yayi asarar $ 17 a kowace kadada. A shekara ta 2008, kashi 1% na lalacewar dankalin turawa ya kai dala miliyan 6,3. Bugu da kari, lokacin da al'adu ta lalace, da ingancin tubers ya ɓace saboda ci gaban bayyanar cututtuka na annular necrotic cutar dankalin turawa, tubers a kansu. Bayyanar cututtuka na cutar ba kawai a kan tubers ba, har ma a cikin ganyayyaki, wanda ya zama mosaic, alagammana. Tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi na cutar, haɓakar shuka ya ragu.
Masanin kimiyyar ya lura cewa nau'in dankalin turawa ya banbanta da juriya da kwayar Y. A halin yanzu, wasu bayanai na ƙasashen waje na nau'in dankalin turawa suna ɗauke da bayani game da ƙima na jigilar juriya daga nau'ikan fungi, clog-form nematode (Kodadde Globodera abubuwa 2 3, 1, XNUMX, Globodera rostochiensis Ro1), da kuma ƙwayoyin cuta. Wani misali shi ne "Dattijan dankalin turawa, iri" (AHDB dankali, UK).
A karshen webinar, Dr. Karasev ya jawo hankalin masu sauraro ga gaskiyar cewa matakan magance Y-virus dankalin turawa sune amfani da tsabtatattun iri dankali (gami da dankalin turawa masu lafiya), namo iri iri mai tsauri, da kuma yanayin tsabta na aiki da aikin injin.