Alexey Krasilnikov, babban darakta na kungiyar Dankalin Turawa
SHEKARAR KALANDAR ANA KAREWA, KUMA WANNAN DALILI NE NA TATTAUNAWA SAMUN SAKAMAKO DA SANA'AR TA ZO GA WANNAN IYAKA, DA TUNANIN INGANTACCEN BURINSA.
Dangane da bayanan aiki na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Rasha, daga ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2021, girbin dankalin turawa a cikin sassan da aka tsara na kasar ya kai ton miliyan 6,6 (ton miliyan 6,8 a shekarar 2020). Har yanzu ba a taƙaita sakamakon ƙarshe na tsaftacewa ba, amma ba za a sami canje-canjen duniya a cikin bayanan ba.
Sakamakon ya zama ƙasa da yadda aka tsara (masana sashen suna tsammanin cewa ƙasar za ta sami akalla tan miliyan 7,15 na dankali), babban dalilin ƙarancin yanayi shine yanayin yanayi mara kyau, tuna cewa an gabatar da tsarin gaggawa a cikin yankuna 16. Rasha a wannan shekara, wanda ba zai iya shafar adadin girbi ba, da ingancin dankali, da kuma farashin kayan aiki da kuma matakin samar da wasu yankuna tare da kayan lambu da dankali.
ƘARSI
Farashin dankalin turawa a wannan kakar ya ci gaba da haɓaka har ma a lokacin girbi na babban girbi, amma a farkon watan Nuwamba motsi na sama ya tsaya, yanzu muna lura da raguwa kaɗan (ta 2-3 rubles / kg), zuwa matsakaicin matakin a cikin kewayon 27- RUB 30 / kg dangane da yankin. An bayyana wannan gaskiyar ta hanyar ƙaddamar da kuri'a da ba su dace da ajiya na dogon lokaci ba ko kuma ba a ba su da wuraren ajiya ba.
Yana da wuya a yi magana game da makomar gaba, amma mun lura cewa a halin yanzu gwamnatin Rasha ba ta soke harajin shigo da dankali a kan dankali ba, kuma yawan kayan da aka shigo da shi bai riga ya girma ba, don haka a gaba ɗaya halin da ake ciki za a iya kira mai kyau ga masu noman cikin gida.
Bari mu keɓance ƴan kalmomi zuwa wasu sassa na "borsch set". Farashin farin kabeji ya kasance a matsayi mai girma na makonni hudu: a cikin yankin Moscow, ana sayar da samfurori a matsakaicin adadin 25 rubles / kg. Idan muka yi magana game da wasu yankuna, ƙananan farashin kabeji shine 20-22 rubles / kg, matsakaicin shine 28-30 rubles / kg.
Karas na ci gaba da hauhawa a farashi, wanda ya bayyana sakamakon karuwar bukatar su a kasuwa. Kuma farashin tebur beets suna girma. Amma ga albasa farashin matsayi ya koma matakin na bara (12-14 rubles / kg).
MUHIMMIYA
A karon farko a tarihin noman dankalin turawa na zamani, a tsayin girbi mai yawa (Satumba-Oktoba), dankalin turawa daga Iran ya bayyana a kan shelves na shagunan mu. Bugu da ƙari, ba muna magana game da ƙananan kuri'a a yankunan kudancin kasar ba, ana iya siyan dankalin Iran a manyan kantunan Moscow, kuma waɗannan samfuran suna da fa'ida sosai dangane da farashi da inganci tare da na gida.
Hakanan ana shigo da dankalin abinci zuwa Rasha daga Belarus, amma adadin kayan yana da ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da yadda aka saba.
Haka kuma an lura cewa Ukrainian dankali sun shiga kasuwar mu (akwai sigogi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai game da hanyoyin da za a iya yiwuwa don samar da samfurori ta hanyar Belarushiyanci), amma a cikin ƙananan yawa: ƙasar a cikin wannan kakar ba ta sha wahala daga yawan amfanin gona. .
Kuma kamar ko da yaushe, masana'antar dankalin turawa ta damu da batun shigo da dankali daga Masar. An sani cewa Rasha
na dogon lokaci shi ne babban mai siyar da dankalin Masar: rabin yawan amfanin gona (kimanin ton dubu 750) ya tafi shagunan mu. Amma akwai lokutan da masu noma daga wannan jumhuriyar Larabawa suka zaɓi zaɓi don neman kasuwar Turai. Musamman farashin dankali a Jamus a halin yanzu ya haura 30% fiye da na bara.
Zamu iya hasashen yadda yanayi zai kasance a wannan kakar.
TSARI
Da yake magana game da raguwar yawan girbin dankalin turawa a wannan shekara, muna magana ba kawai game da kayayyakin tebur ba, har ma game da tsaba. Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa an yi rikodin rashi na dankalin dankali a kasuwar Rasha a karo na biyu a jere. A gefe guda, wannan yana nuna karuwar buƙatu: yawancin mahalarta kasuwar sun gane cewa fiye da 50% na nasara ya dogara da matakin dasa shuki. Amma
wannan shine kawai tabbatacce
bangaren wannan hali.
A bara, a cikin karancin iri, farashinsu ya karu, kuma yawancin gonaki sun jinkirta sabunta haifuwa har zuwa wani lokaci mafi kyau. A wannan kakar, an girbe iri ko da kaɗan kuma ya yi tsada.
An kuma ga gazawar noman dankalin turawa iri a Turai a bana. A lokaci guda, adadin aikace-aikacen don tsaba na Turai daga Rashanci
hannu, a cewar masu aiki, ya girma sau biyu zuwa uku. Ƙaruwar ta kasance saboda dalilai biyu: Na farko, masu saye suna jin tsoron haka
ba zai karɓi duka juzu'in da aka umarce shi ba; na biyu, buƙatar nau'ikan soya da kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya karu (a cewar Dankali
Union, a cikin kasar mu da yawa manyan masana'antu sarrafa suna shirin bude lokaci daya).
Af, gaskiyar ta ƙarshe ta tabbatar da yanayin da ke tasowa: a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, rabon dankalin tebur a cikin tsarin jujjuyawar amfanin gona na kamfanonin Rasha na iya raguwa sosai, tunda wani muhimmin sashi na masu samarwa za su zaɓi yin aiki tare da masu sarrafawa - ƙarƙashin kwangilolin gajere da matsakaici. A bisa ka'ida, sakamakon wannan shekara ya saba wa wannan ƙaddamarwa, amma har yanzu ya kamata a lasafta su a matsayin na musamman, wannan yana faruwa sau ɗaya a kowace shekara goma.
Koyarwar da masana’antu za ta bi wajen bunkasa harkar sarrafa kayan masarufi ne kawai kungiyar dankalin turawa za ta iya tallafa musu, saboda samun nasarar gudanar da sana’o’in sarrafa dankalin zai rage illar noman dankalin a kasuwa.
BAYANI
A cikin kakar 2021, batun samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari ga yankunan Gabas mai Nisa ya sake komawa kan batun. A halin yanzu, kwararru na kungiyar dankalin turawa, a madadin ma'aikatar aikin gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, suna aiwatar da shawarwari don karfafa samar da kayan lambu da dankali a wannan yanki.
Ka tuna cewa, bisa ga dokokin yanzu, kawai
masu samar da noma na Ural
da kuma gundumomin tarayya na Siberiya. Amma mai shigowa kundin don
yankin bai isa ba. Dangane da
Don haka, don haɓaka kewayon masu samar da kayayyaki, muna la'akari da cewa ya zama dole don faɗaɗa labarin ƙasa na masu karɓar tallafin zuwa ma'auni na duka Rasha.
Har ila yau, a jajibirin sabuwar kakar, muna so mu jawo hankalin masu sana'ar noma zuwa nau'in dankalin turawa na Rasha da aka kirkiro a matsayin wani ɓangare na aiwatar da Shirin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Tarayya don Ci gaban Noma na 2017-2025. A yau akwai fiye da 20 daga cikinsu kuma, a cikin ra'ayi, wannan jerin ya ƙunshi zaɓuɓɓuka masu ban sha'awa waɗanda za su iya yin gasa tare da shugabannin kasuwa.
Gwamnatin Rasha tana da sha'awar haɓaka nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka samu a ƙarƙashin FNTP, kuma don wannan dalili ta gabatar da tallafi don siyan nau'ikan iri (diyya a cikin adadin 70% na farashin kai tsaye).
Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta aika da wasiƙar bayani ga sassan yanki na sashen game da sabon nau'in tallafi ga masu noma, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi jerin takaddun da ake buƙata don karɓar diyya na farashi (ciki har da iri da aka riga aka yi amfani da su a cikin kakar wasa). don shuka amfanin gona na 2020).
ZAMANI 2022
Da yake mai da hankali kan farashin dankali a kan ɗakunan ajiya, manazarta da yawa sun yanke shawarar cewa sha'awar masu samar da noma a cikin wannan amfanin gona zai fi girma a shekara mai zuwa, kuma yankin dasa shuki zai karu sosai. Amma wannan ɗaya ne kawai daga cikin abubuwan da za a iya yiwuwa don haɓaka abubuwan da suka faru, kuma ba mafi kusantar ɗaya ba.
Duk wanda ya tsunduma a cikin masana'antu namo dankali da dama shekaru tuna da kyau yadda, bayan zafi 2010 a kasar a 2011-2012, yankin na wannan amfanin gona girma zuwa matakin 400 dubu hectares, kuma babu daya daga cikin mutane son. sakamakon dangane da farashin mahalarta kasuwar.
Wannan gazawar ta ɓata wa mutane da yawa yin aiki "a cikin bazuwar."
A bara ma muna da sharuɗɗan haɓaka yankin dankalin turawa, amma a gaskiya ma, wasu ƙananan masana'antu sun daina aiki da amfanin gona gaba ɗaya, matsakaita da manya ko dai suna riƙe girma iri ɗaya ko kuma su ɗan ƙara shi.
A cikin sabon kakar, za a kara abubuwan gudanarwa ga duk abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakar haɓakawa: jihar tana da sha'awar yin dankali da kayan lambu na "borsch set" daga nau'in samfurori masu tsada. Tuni dai hukumomin yanki na rukunin masana'antu na masana'antu ke aiki a ciki
wannan hanya.
Har ila yau, a bayyane yake cewa ba dukkanin kungiyoyin aikin gona ba ne ke da damar da za su kara yawan wuraren noman: yawancin sun gina tsarin jujjuya amfanin gona, sun sayi wani tsari na kayan aiki na musamman, da kuma inganta tsarin tallace-tallace. Fadada kowane
kwatance zai buƙaci ƙoƙari da saka hannun jari. Tabbas, lokacin da ake ciki ya zama mai riba, amma farashin kayan masarufi na na gaba bai kasance a wurin ba (bari mu dauki, misali, takin ma'adinai: farashin wasu abubuwa sun ninka sau uku!).
Manoman da dama da suke tsokaci kan shirin shukar, sun ce ba za su je su kara yawan yankin ba ne kawai idan suka yi la’akari da wannan mataki na da matukar amfani ga tattalin arziki. Kuma wannan "idan" yana sa ku shakka cewa yankunan za su yi girma sosai.