Tun daga shekarar 1991 (bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet), kasar Sin ta zama matsayi na farko a duniya wajen noman noman dankalin turawa. A shekarar 2012, an ware kadada miliyan 5,14 don noma, tun daga lokacin a hankali yankin ya ragu. Tun daga shekarar 2020, dankalin turawa ya mamaye kusan kadada miliyan 4,6 (27% na yankin da ake nomawa a duniya a karkashin amfanin gona), amfanin gona ya zarce ton miliyan 90 (24% na samar da duniya).
Akwai yankuna hudu da ake noman dankalin turawa a kasar.
Arewa Monoculture Zone (ya mamaye kashi 50% na yankin noman dankalin turawa). Ya hada da lardunan Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning da kuma yankin Mongoliya na ciki mai cin gashin kansa. A nan ne ake samar da yawancin dankalin iri. Ana yin saukowa a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu, girbi yana daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba.
shiyyar kudu maso yamma na gauraye amfanin gona (35% na jimlar yankin dankalin turawa). Ya hada da lardunan Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, wani yanki na lardunan Hunan, Hubei, gundumar Chongqing, da yankin Tibet. Dankalin da ake samarwa a wannan yanki ana amfani da shi ne don sabo. Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba, girbi - daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu.
Yankin tsakiya na saukowa biyu (10% na jimlar yankin noman dankalin turawa). Ya hada da lardunan Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong da Henan. Ana amfani da amfanin gona da aka samu don amfanin sabo da fitar dashi. Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki daga Fabrairu zuwa Maris, girbi - daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Ana shuka dankalin kaka a Yuli-Agusta kuma ana girbe shi a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba.
Yankin amfanin gona na hunturu (5% na jimlar yanki). Ya haɗa da lardunan Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi da Hainan. Dankalin da aka samar a wannan yanki an yi niyya ne don amfani da sabo da kuma fitar dashi. Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki a watan Oktoba - Nuwamba, girbi - a cikin Fabrairu - Maris.
Lardunan Sichuan da Gansu da Guizhou da Yunnan da kuma gundumomin Mongoliya ta ciki su ne kan gaba wajen noman dankalin turawa a kasar Sin, wanda ke da kashi 60% na abin da ake nomawa.
Sakamakon kakar 2022/23
Yawan girbin dankalin turawa na kakar 2022/23 (Satumba zuwa Agusta) ya kai tan miliyan 93, wanda ya yi ƙasa kaɗan da sakamakon bara (tan miliyan 95). Dalilin da ya sa aka samu raguwar tarin shi ne, raguwar wuraren da ake shukawa a shiyyar arewa, wasu manoman sun ba da fifiko ga waken suya, yayin da jihar ta bullo da wasu matakai na bunkasa noman noman.
A cewar majiyoyin masana'antu, ingancin dankalin turawa a wannan kakar ya yi ƙasa da yadda aka saba. Matsalolin na faruwa ne sakamakon matsalolin yanayi: a cikin watan Yunin 2022, ruwan sama ya yi kamari a lardunan arewa, kuma a arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin musamman Mongoliya ta ciki, an samu sauyin yanayi na dare da rana a lokacin noman.
A cewar Frozen Faransa Fry Exports Exceed Imports rahoton, 2022 (USDA, GAIN)
Abubuwan da suka dace
Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa bukatar abinci ta kasar Sin za ta karu da fiye da tan miliyan 100 a kowace shekara (CIP, 2020), amma raguwar filayen noma sakamakon saurin bunkasuwar birane ba shi da amfani wajen habaka noman hatsin kasar Sin (Burney et al., 2010; Gu et al. al., 2019), kuma ana sa ran dankali zai kai kashi 50% na karuwar samar da abinci a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa (https://cipotato.org/crops/potato/). Ƙara yawan noman dankalin turawa ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba, duk da haka, kamar yadda kasar Sin ta ba da fifiko ga hatsi da albarkatun mai. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar magance matsalar ta hanyar amfani da ƙasar noman lokacin sanyi, wanda ya rage bayan girbin shinkafa da aka makare a kudancin China (kimanin hekta miliyan 16). Aƙalla kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na wannan ƙasa ana iya amfani da su don dankali (Qu et al., 2005).
A cikin rahotannin hukuma game da hasashen bunkasuwar noman dankalin turawa a kasar Sin, an yi nuni da cewa, yawan amfanin gona a cikin shekaru takwas masu zuwa zai karu sannu a hankali: yankuna da yawan amfanin gona za su yi girma da matsakaicin kashi 0,5 da kuma 1,3% a kowace shekara.
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Dokta Hu Bai Geng, Babban Manajan Xisen Potato Indastrial Group Company Limited
- An amince da lardin Heilongjiang na arewa maso gabashin kasar da kuma gabashin yankunan Mongoliya ta ciki a matsayin wanda ya fi dacewa da noman dankali. Ana bambanta waɗannan yankuna da ƙasa mai kyau da yanayin yanayi mafi kyau.
Ana shuka dankali a cikin jujjuyawar amfanin gona tare da sauran amfanin gona. Jerin su yawanci ya haɗa da masara, alkama, kabeji na kasar Sin, koren albasa, da dai sauransu.
Late blight, black leg, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, da dai sauransu ana daukar su a matsayin cututtuka mafi hatsari a kasar Sin, jerin kwari da ke bukatar a kula da su sun hada da kwari na kasa, aphids, da dai sauransu.
Manoma na amfani da kananan kayan aikin da kasar Sin ta kera a aikinsu. Fiye da 30% na masu samar da noma suna da masu shuka, 25% girbi dankali ta amfani da kayan girbi; manyan kamfanonin dankalin turawa suna amfani da dabarar a duk lokacin girma, don shuka, kula da girbi.
Yawancin manoma suna sayar da kayayyakinsu ta hanyar kamfanoni masu tsaka-tsaki, wasu manoma kuma suna sayar da dankali a kasuwannin cikin gida. Manoma ba sa ba da dankali kai tsaye zuwa manyan kantunan, kuma kaɗan ne kawai na dankalin da aka shirya musamman don siyarwa.
Wani ɓangare na samarwa bayan girbi an shimfiɗa shi don ajiya. A kasar Sin, akwai isassun wuraren ajiyar kayayyaki na zamani da ke dauke da na'urorin iskar iska da na'urorin firji.
Abubuwan da aka bayar na Xisen Potato Industry Co., Ltd. Ltd. wata babbar sana'a ce ta noma wacce ke yin kiwo da dankalin turawa, samar da kayan iri (ciki har da kananan tubers), haɓakawa da samar da kayan abinci daga dankali. Babban hedkwatar kamfanin yana cikin birnin Laoling na lardin Shandong.
Kamfanin yana noman dankalin iri a Mongoliya ta ciki da kuma Arewacin Hebei a kan wani yanki mai girman kadada 26. A kowace shekara yana samar da hekta 667 na iri marasa cutar.
Ana noman dankali mai yawa akan ban ruwa, kamfanin yana da tsarin ban ruwa da'ira kusan 800. Don adana kayayyakin, ana amfani da wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa na zamani tare da karfin tan 450. Kamfanin a duk shekara yana samar da tan dubu 000 na dankalin turawa.