A cikin lokacin noma na 2023, an sami ƙaruwa sosai a cikin sha'awar manoma a hidimar agrolaboratories na Agusta. Shawarar aikin gona da, musamman, binciken binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na kara taka muhimmiyar rawa a harkar noma, yayin da suke ba wa masana aikin gona damar samun cikakken bayani kan abin da ke faruwa a wani fanni na musamman da kuma cikin tsirrai, kuma a kan tushensa suna yin sahihin shawarwari game da juyar da amfanin gona. Zabi na iri da kuma hybrids, kariya da ciyar da amfanin gona, da sauran fannoni da yawa na girbin aikin gona, domin girbi girbin noman.
Kamar yadda yanayi ya nuna, agroanalysis yana cikin buƙata ba tare da la'akari da yadda yanayin yanayi ke tasowa ba. Bugu da ƙari, ya zama mai amfani ba kawai a cikin yanayin tattalin arziki mai kyau ga masu samar da noma ba, lokacin da babban aikin shine haɓaka yawan amfanin gona, amma har ma a cikin yanayi mai rikitarwa wanda ke buƙatar ɗaukar matakan inganta farashi. Kwararru daga dakunan gwaje-gwajen aikin gona na Augusta daga yankuna daban-daban na Rasha sun bayyana irin kalubalen da manoman suka fuskanta a bana da kuma ayyukan da ake bukata a tsakanin su.
Vyacheslav Krasin, shugaban yanki na kungiyar "Agroanalysis-Center", Gryazi, Lipetsk yankin.
A cikin lokacin noma na 2023, dakin gwaje-gwajenmu ya haɓaka adadin oda don nazarin salinity na ƙasa. Da farko, wannan shi ne saboda aiki da kuma dogon lokacin amfani da tsarin ban ruwa: idan ga yankin Astrakhan batun salinization na biyu ya kasance mai dacewa, sa'an nan kuma a cikin yankunan da ke karkashin ban ruwa a cikin Tsakiyar Black Earth Region kuma, musamman. a cikin yankin Voronezh, mun haɗu da shi a karon farko. Wannan matsala, a matsayinka na mai mulki, ta fara bayyana bayan dadewa na ban ruwa na yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin amfanin gona ta hanyar amfani da ruwa maras kyau. Ko da wani alama m abun ciki na sauƙi mai narkewa salts a cikin ban ruwa ruwa a lõkacin da ban ruwa for 10-12 shekaru take kaiwa zuwa alkalinization da rauni secondary salinization na kasa. Har ila yau, a wannan kakar dakin gwaje-gwaje gabaɗaya ya ƙara yawan ƙididdigar da aka gudanar game da amfanin gonakin 'ya'yan itace: wannan ya haɗa da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, binciken ƙasa, da kuma binciken da aka ambata a sama na ruwa da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa. Wannan yana nuna yanayin gaba ɗaya na haɓaka yankin da ke ƙarƙashin lambuna da kuma tarin matsaloli a wannan yanki.
Anna Karmach, Ph.D., microbiologist a dakin gwaje-gwaje na abokin tarayya Augusta - Cibiyar Aikin Noma "Agrodoctor", gundumar Novosibirsk, yankin Novosibirsk.
A wannan shekara, ƙungiyar masana fasaha da ƙwararrun gwaje-gwaje sun sa ido sosai kan yadda ake amfani da maganin herbicides saboda ƙarancin zafi da fari na ƙasa: a yankuna da yawa, hazo na farko ya faɗi ne kawai a cikin kwanaki goma na biyu na Yuni, kuma fitowar amfanin gona bai yi daidai ba. Alal misali, a kan flax, an gudanar da jiyya daban-daban: na farko, gonaki sun yi yaƙi da ciyawa na hatsi, amma don tsire-tsire na dicotyledonous, an jinkirta jiyya har sai da yawa harbe na weeds sun bayyana - har sai lokacin da ake buƙatar ci gaban amfanin gona ya isa. A cikin amfanin gonakin mai, an daidaita amfani da maganin ciyawa saboda bayyanar ciyawar ciyawa ta biyu bayan saukar ruwan sama. Bugu da kari, saboda yanayin yanayin da ake ciki, kwararrun dakin gwaje-gwaje sun yanke shawara game da yuwuwar tattalin arziki na amfani da fungicides, da farko bisa kimanta yawan amfanin gona da tsananin ci gaban cututtuka; tsare-tsaren kariya da takin da aka tsara don takamaiman filayen suma an inganta su gabaɗaya. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa saboda mummunan halin da ake ciki tare da asu na makiyaya, mun fuskanci aikin sarrafa adadin kwaro da tsinkayar bayyanar zamani na gaba.
Tatyana Ledeneva, shugaban kungiyar "AgroLaboratory-Livny", Livny, Oryol yankin.
Sakamakon shiga cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin tarurrukan horar da abokan ciniki, buƙatun ayyukanmu ya karu sosai a wannan shekara - har ta kai ga cewa akwai buƙatar jawo sabbin ma'aikata zuwa ƙungiyar. Musamman, godiya ga tarurrukan da aka mayar da hankali kan kunkuntar don masu girbin dankalin turawa, yawan aikace-aikacen don nazarin tuber dankali ya karu. Tun farkon lokacin bazara, ƙwararrunmu sun shiga cikin samfuran ƙasa don manufar kulawar phytosanitary, kuma a wannan shekara yana da mahimmanci cewa yawan samfuran ƙasa da aka yi nazari sun mamaye yawan samfuran shuka (kuma wannan baya la'akari da samfuran zuwa samfuran da aka yi la'akari da su). ƙayyade danne ƙasa da abun da ke ciki na ƙasa kwayoyin da za'ayi domin shirya amfanin gona juyi a kaka). Shugabannin kakar daga cikin abubuwan da aka gudanar da bincike sun hada da tsaba na amfanin gona kusan goma da aka yi niyya don shuka - galibi alkama, sha'ir, waken soya, wake, buckwheat, amma akwai kuma samfurori na 'ya'yan flax mai, hatsi, ryegrass har ma da shinkafa. Dangane da dasa sabbin gonaki na shekara-shekara a yankin Oryol, ana yin amfani da iyawar dakin gwaje-gwaje don gano cututtukan cututtukan bishiyar apple. A karo na farko a wannan shekara, mun yi aiki tare da tsire-tsire na amfanin gona na furanni, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da albarkatun Berry. Har ila yau, a kakar da ta gabata, manajoji na watan Agusta, tare da masana aikin gona, sun sa ido sosai kan yanayin ci gaban mildew a cikin waken soya, sun taimaka wajen yin rikodin cutar tare da kwatanta tasiri na fungicides da aka yi amfani da su.
Mikhail Suprunenko, shugaban yanki na kungiyar "AgroLaboratory-Stavropol", Stavropol, Stavropol Territory
Gidan dakin gwaje-gwajenmu yana da shekaru biyu, amma ko da la'akari da ɗan gajeren lokacin aiki, muna ganin karuwar aikace-aikacen bincike a cikin ilimin halitta, phytopathology da agrochemistry daga gonaki a cikin Stavropol Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria da Karachay-Cherkessia. Kowane mutum yana so ba kawai ya san salinity da matakin samar da ƙasa tare da macro- da mesoelements, amma har ma don samun lissafin ma'adinai abinci mai gina jiki don shirin da aka shirya na amfanin gona, tun da takin mai magani ya karu sosai a farashin; Ya faru cewa domin gona ta tsira, ya zama dole a lissafta mafi ƙarancin ƙarar da aka yarda da ita bisa yuwuwar ƙasa. Amma a lokaci guda, manoma sun fara tunanin yadda ba za su rasa haihuwa ba, tun da yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da alaƙa da saurin kawar da abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa, yayin da ga manoma shine muhimmiyar hanyar samar da abinci kuma mabuɗin samun wadata a nan gaba. Gabaɗaya, adadin buƙatun da muke samu daga masu aikin lambu da masu shuka kayan lambu, musamman waɗanda suke shuka amfanin gona irin su albasa da dankali, suna girma. Don manyan hannun jari, izinin jihar mu yana da mahimmanci, musamman, don samun sakamakon binciken ilimin halittu. Akwai babban buƙatar dubawa (ciki har da na farko) lokacin adana 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, musamman albasa, tare da lissafin rayuwar shiryayye. A Kabardino-Balkaria, gonaki da yawa suna buƙatar sabis don tantance yiwuwar tuffa zuwa rami mai ɗaci. Ga masu samar da amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace, mahimmancin bincike na ƙasa da ruwa yana karuwa - wannan ya zama sananne, alal misali, kamar yadda shirin "Turnkey Gardens - 10 Acres" ke tasowa, lokacin da masu lambu suka shimfida musu tare da taimakon tallafin jihohi. fara buƙatar bayanai, wanda a halin yanzu ke faruwa a yankunansu.
Elena Shuplyak, shugaban yanki na kungiyar "Agroanalysis-Don", Azov, Rostov yankin
Sakamakon hazo, wanda adadinsa ya ninka sau 2,5 fiye da yadda aka saba a shekarun baya, da zubar ruwa da bullowar cututtuka na phytopathogenic, manoman yankin Kudancin Kudu sun nuna matukar sha'awar a wannan kakar wajen lura da yanayin amfanin gona don aiwatar da maganin fungicidal akan lokaci. . Nazarin phytopathological da microbiological na ƙasa da tsire-tsire sun dace. Akwai bukatar al'ada don nazarin ruwa don sanin ingancinsa don ban ruwa da kuma shirye-shiryen maganin magungunan kashe qwari - musamman, wannan yana da kyau ga yankin Rostov saboda ƙarancin ingancin ruwa a cikin tafki da tushen ƙasa. Duk da haka, a wannan shekara, an ƙara ƙananan gonaki da ke noman amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin ban ruwa zuwa yawan abokan ciniki na yau da kullum. Bukatar saka idanu akan shukar perennial tare da ƙwararrun ziyara da samfuri ya karu. Tare da karuwa a cikin samarwa da amfani da takin mai magani, buƙatar ta taso don tantance su don abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan gina jiki da kuma tantance ingancin waɗannan samfuran. Har ila yau, a farkon lokacin, saboda fashewar Fusarium wilt na tumatir da aka girma a cikin gida, adadin nazarin halittu masu rikitarwa da aka gudanar da shawarwarin da aka bayar don gina tsarin kare amfanin gona ya karu. A cikin shirye-shiryen sabon kakar, adadin samfuran iri don bincikar phytoexamination da ƙaddarar halayen shuka su ya karu.
Vera Platonova, shugaban kungiyar yankin "AgroLaboratory-Saransk", Saransk, Jamhuriyar Mordovia.
A cikin 2023, manyan ayyukan dakin gwaje-gwaje sun kasance cikakken bincike game da kayan iri (ƙaddamar da halayen iri, phytoexamination na tsaba, bayar da shawarwari), nazarin phytopathological na kayan shuka (ganowar lalacewar shuka ta cututtukan fungal tare da shawarwari don kare shuka). , kazalika da cikakken bincike na amincin amfanin gona na hunturu. Mun fara samun ƙarin buƙatun daga masu samar da aikin gona don tantance yanayin hatsin hunturu a lokacin hunturu da farkon lokacin bazara. A hadaddun bincike ya hada da kayyade yiwuwa na shuke-shuke, da sukari abun ciki a cikin tillering kumburi, gano yawan shuke-shuke da intra-stem kwari, la'akari da mataki na lalacewar shuke-shuke da kwari, la'akari da yaduwar fungal cututtuka. , bincikar kayan shuka don kasancewar parasitic nematodes da shawarwari don kare shuka. Bukatar tantance yanayin amfanin gona na hunturu yana girma, tunda yana ba ku damar adana tsaba na bazara don yuwuwar sake shuka wurare masu rauni, da kuma yanke shawarar kan kari game da ƙarin magungunan sinadarai da aikace-aikacen taki.
Abubuwan haɗin kai