Waɗanne damammaki ke buɗe kiwo da dankalin turawa da kuma yadda ake maye gurbin nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan da ake shigo da su masu tsada? Wannan ya zama babban batu na bincike da samar da taron karawa juna sani da aka gudanar a South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing (YUNIISK). Masana kimiyya sun gabatar da sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa da fasaha don kare tsire-tsire daga cututtuka da kwari.
Sabbin abubuwa akan rafi
Shugaban Cibiyar Nikolay Glaz an gabatar da nau'in dankalin turawa wanda masu kiwon YUNIISK suka yi, wanda a halin yanzu ke fuskantar gwaji iri-iri na jihar.
"Daya daga cikin manyan wuraren kiwo a gare mu shine samar da iri da suka dace da sarrafa masana'antu," in ji shi. - Misali, sabon nau'in Zakhar yana nuna kyakkyawan sakamako na farko a gwaji iri-iri. Akwai fata na gaske cewa za a raba shi. Kuma an ƙaddamar da nau'in Kashtak don gwajin jihar a cikin 2018. Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãninsa akwai yawan amfanin ƙasa, tun da yake nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne mai tsanani.
A cewar masana kimiyya, a wannan shekara ana shirya sabon nau'in "albatross" don gwadawa a Hukumar Kula da Jiha. Babban amfaninsa shine juriya ga ciwon daji, nematodes da sauran cututtukan shuka. Bugu da ƙari, yana da rikodin rikodi - 50 ton a kowace hectare, babban abun ciki na sitaci - 18%, kyakkyawan dandano da adanawa.
"Daga cikin babban binciken kiwo na zamani shine samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan fata masu launin fata da tubers masu launi," in ji Nikolai Glaz. - Masu kiwon mu ma sun yi irin wannan nau'in dankalin turawa, muna shirin tura shi don gwaji a nan gaba.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, YUNIISK ya haɓaka irin waɗannan nau'ikan kamar "akwatin jiki", "munduwa", "cavalier", "ichil". Tuni sakamakon farko na gwaji iri-iri ya nuna tsayin daka ga cututtuka da kiyayewa mai kyau.
An tabbatar da ingancin iri mai girma na dankalin turawa ta hanyar warkarwa na meristem ta amfani da abin da ake kira fasaha na micropropagation daga wani yanki na ganye, wanda ke ba ka damar kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka na shuka.
Sauya "mata na waje"
Koyaya, gabaɗaya, sabuntawa iri-iri babbar matsala ce ga masu noman dankalin turawa a yankin. A yau a cikin yankin Chelyabinsk ana shuka nau'ikan dankali guda 25, wanda biyar ne kawai aka keɓe don yankin mu na yanayi. Ainihin, wannan shine nau'in "Nevsky", a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an tura shi da gaske daga Dutch da Jamusanci "ja jajayen ja", "romano", "rosara". Iri na cikin gida da aka haifa a YUNIISK har yanzu suna da ɗan ƙaramin rabo na shuka: alal misali, "Tarasov" - hectare 22, "Spiridon" - kawai kadada 5.
A cewar masu aikin noma, ya zama dole a kara samar da irin dankalin turawa na zabin cikin gida, tunda matasan kasashen waje suna saurin lalacewa kuma dole ne a sake siyan kayan iri a kasashen waje. A farkon da aka sanya: masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da wani dukan sa na sabon iri, a mutunta mutane da yawa ba na baya zuwa kasashen waje su.
A cikin yankin Chelyabinsk, samar da dankalin turawa ya fi mayar da hankali a cikin yankunan karkara - Argayashsky, Sosnovsky da Krasnoarmeysky. Kamar yadda aka ruwaito Yury Zasypkin, shugaban sashen samar da amfanin gona da kananan nau'o'in noma na ma'aikatar noma ta yankin., bisa hasashen da aka yi, kusan tan dubu 120 na dankali za a noma a bana. Wannan, la'akari da kayayyakin da ake shigo da su daga yankuna makwabta, ya isa sosai don tabbatar da yanayin zamantakewa da yawan jama'ar yankin. A bara, ƙungiyoyi masu noman dankalin turawa da gonaki ne kawai suka girma kuma suka girbe tan dubu 146 na dankali.
- A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, wannan babban girbi ne ga yankin, - in ji mukaddashin darektan. Mataimakin ministan noma na farko na yankin Alexander Zavalishchin. - Daga cikin wannan juzu'in, ana fitar da tan dubu 40 na dankalin turawa don siyarwa a wajen yankin. Da karuwar noman noman mu na fuskantar matsalar sayar da tubers. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu siye da sarƙoƙi masu siyarwa ba su gamsu da wani abu ba. Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da halin da ake ciki a kasuwa da kuma yin aikace-aikace ga masana kimiyya don ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'in da ake bukata a kasuwa.
source: https://up74.ru/