Kusan dukkanin kayayyakin noma na Rasha ana noma su ne daga iri da aka shigo da su. Wannan wani nau'i ne na maye gurbin shigo da kaya a fannin noma. Irin gwoza, da ake girma a cikin gona, kamar namu ne, amma an kawo tsaba na beets daga waje. Me zai faru idan wata rana ba a kawo su ba?
Jaridar Majalisar ta yanke shawarar gano dalilin da ya sa kasar ke ci gaba da dogaro da shigo da iri domin samar da iri, menene girman wannan dogaro, da kuma yadda jihar za ta magance matsalar karancin iri a cikin gida.
Dogaro da mazauna bazara da masu lambu?
"To, ko da wane irin nau'in da kuka dauka, akwai sunayen kasashen waje a ko'ina, saboda ana shigo da dukkanin iri," Shugabar Majalisar Tarayya, Valentina Matvienko, ta fusata a lokacin bude wani sabon gine-gine a yankin Leningrad.
Ta yabawa ma’aikatan da ke aikin noma sakamakon yadda suka kware da sabbin fasahohin zamani, amma, ta koma ga daukacin al’ummar noma da ‘yan majalisar dokoki, ta yi kira da a kara himma wajen dawo da harkar iri ta yadda za a samar da kayayyakin noma gaba daya daga kayan abinci na cikin gida.
Halin da ake samu na samar da iri ba shi da lafiya sosai, a fannin noman noma da kayan lambu, in ji Shugaban Kwamitin Duma na Jiha kan Al'amuran Noma, Vladimir Kashin, a wata tattaunawa da Gazeta na Majalisar. A cewarsa, masu yin sukari da gwoza sun fi dogaro da iri da ake shigowa da su daga waje. Har yanzu ba a samar da iri gasa na cikin gida na wannan amfanin gona ba, in ji mataimakin.
Halin da masara ya kasance mafi kyau: kasuwa har yanzu yana shagaltar da masu samar da kasashen waje waɗanda suka mallaki wannan yanki shekaru da yawa da suka wuce. A lokaci guda, masu shuka iri na Rasha na iya zama masu fafatawa sosai, amma saboda wannan dole ne jihar ta tallafa musu.
Kwayoyin gida suna da farin jini sosai a tsakanin jama'a, in ji Vladimir Kashin. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga shuka kayan lambu na lambu. “Kusan kashi 80 cikin XNUMX na kayan lambu (tumatir, cucumbers, barkono da sauran su) al’umma ne ke samar da su, kuma wannan bangare yana kunshe da irin iri na cikin gida,” in ji dan majalisar.
Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kayan lambu da ake nomawa daga kayan da ake shigo da su shine dankali. Anan, nau'ikan Dutch suna mamaye sashin da ya dace, kuma buƙatun su ya zo ba kawai daga manoma na yau da kullun ba, har ma daga manyan kamfanonin noma.
Halin ya fi kyau a cikin sashin amfanin gona na hatsi. “Iri namu suna da kyau, gasa kuma suna samar da girbi mai kyau; Amma a cikin shekaru 20 da suka wuce, masu asali da furodusa na farko ba su sami ko kwabo daga jihar ba.
Yawancin tashoshi sun lalace kuma suna da bashi; Farfado da samar da iri: lokacin da ake tsammanin "buguwa" Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke hana ci gaban samar da iri a Rasha shine dokokin da suka wuce. Dokar "Akan Samar da iri" ba ta canza ba tun lokacin da aka kirkiro ta a tsakiyar 90s. Kuma ko da yake an yi ƙoƙarin sabunta shi daban-daban, babu ɗayansu da ya sami ƙarfin doka.
A cewar Vladislav Korochkin, memba na Majalisar Jama'a a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Tarayyar Rasha, ka'idodin wannan takarda ya sa manoman Rasha su keɓe. "Ya zama dole a canza ka'idoji da yawa wadanda ke hana yaduwar iri kyauta da fitar da tsaba da kuma sanya wahalar shigo da musanya kayan gado ga wadanda ke son yin kiwo, duka cibiyoyin kimiyya na hukuma da masu sha'awar kiwo kawai," in ji masanin.
Idan akai la'akari da aiwatar da batun ci gaba da samar da iri, shirye-shiryen sun riga sun bayyana a cikin Duma na Jiha don kammala Dokar "Akan Samar da iri". Vladimir Kashin ya tabbatar da wannan bayanin ga Gazeta na Majalisar, yana mai cewa wannan fannin aikin gona yana buƙatar sabunta shi "tare da duka a tsaye," gami da ƙirƙirar tushen kimiyya da haɓaka tsarin samar da ingantaccen kayan shuka.
Batun inganta tushen fasaha shine mafi mahimmanci ga jiharmu, in ji Alexander Polyakov, memba na kwamitin Duma kan al'amuran noma. "Kasarmu tana amfani da fasahohin zamani daga shekaru 20-30 da suka wuce, kuma yawancin masana kimiyya na Rasha sun tafi aiki a cibiyoyin kiwo na kasashen waje. Ana bukatar a juya lamarin zuwa akasin alkibla, ” mataimakin yana da kwarin gwiwa. Tun a shekarar da ta gabata, Gwamnati ta dukufa wajen farfado da noman iri da zabar iri.
A madadin Shugaba Vladimir Putin, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta haɓaka Shirin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Tarayya don Bunkasa Aikin Noma na 2017-2025. Yana ba da shirye-shirye daban-daban waɗanda aka keɓe don haɓaka zaɓi da samar da iri na dankali, da beets, amfanin gona na kayan lambu, sunflowers da masara.
Yin la'akari da "taswirar hanya" na wannan aikin, dukansu biyu sun riga sun kasance a cikin aiwatarwa.
Mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin majalisar tarayya kan manufofin noma da abinci da kula da muhalli Irina Gekht ya tabbatar da cewa jihar ta ba da fifiko kan batun bunkasa noman iri. “A yau an ba da tallafin samar da tashoshin iri da wuraren kiwo. Kuma su, bisa manufa, an riga an fara ƙirƙirar su, alal misali, a St.
Har ila yau, akwai fahimta daga kasuwancin gida, in ji ta. Don haka, manyan hannun jarin noma suna ƙara ƙirƙirar nasu zaɓi da cibiyoyin samar da iri. “Wato wannan yunkuri ne na hadin gwiwa daga bangarorin kasuwanci da na gwamnati.
Ina ganin nan da shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai za mu magance wannan matsalar,” in ji dan majalisar.
Ƙasashen waje za su taimake mu
Ko ta yaya baƙon abu na iya yin sauti, haɓakar samar da iri na Rasha ba tare da ƙasashen waje ba zai yiwu ba. Vladislav Korochkin, memba na Majalisar Jama'a a karkashin Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Tarayyar Rasha, ya yi magana game da wannan a cikin sharhin da jaridar 'yan majalisa ta yi.
Yana da duka game da ingancin tsaba, wanda kawai za a iya tabbatar da shi ta hanyar yanayi mai kyau. A cewarsa, tsaba da aka girma a Rasha na iya zama mafi "marasa inganci" daidai saboda yanayin yanayi mara kyau: wani wuri babu isasshen rana, wani wuri yana da sanyi sosai ko kuma babu isasshen ruwa don ban ruwa, wani wuri ya yi ruwan sama a lokacin girbi da kuma lokacin girbi. da dai sauransu. Duk da haka, waɗannan matsalolin kuma sun saba da masana'antun kasashen waje, musamman daga Arewacin Turai. Don haka masu shuka iri suna neman mafi kyawun yankuna a duniya.
Galibin filayen da ke da kwarin gwiwa suna cikin Kudancin Hemisphere. Ana kuma ci gaba da samar da ababen more rayuwa, gonaki, ƴan kwangila da duk wani abu a can, wanda kuma ya shafi samar da iri mafi inganci da rahusa, in ji Vladislav Korochkin. "Alal misali, Dutch ba sa samar da wani iri a gida - suna shuka su a cikin Amurka, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand da sauran ƙasashe," in ji mai magana da yawun Jaridar Majalisar.
Kamfanonin kayan lambu na Rasha, a cewarsa, suna yin haka kuma saboda dalilai iri ɗaya: suna girma kashi 80 cikin XNUMX na ko da nasu nau'in da hybrids a ƙasashen waje. Bugu da ƙari, ta yin wannan, masana'antun suna kawar da yanayin yanayi. “Lokacin da lokacin sanyi yake a nan, lokacin bazara ne a Kudancin Kudancin, tsaba suna girma. A lokacin da za mu fara noman noma, ana girbe su, wato su zo mana da sabo,” in ji wani mamba a majalisar jama’a a ma’aikatar gona.
Yadda ake sauka daga allurar shigo da iri
Rasha na bukatar sabbin nasarorin kiwo don kada ta dogara da iri da ake shigo da su daga waje, Alexander Polyakov, memba na kwamitin Duma na Jiha kan al'amuran noma, ya gamsu. Ta hanyar yin amfani da misalin yankinsa na Tambov, ya nuna wa jaridar Majalisar yadda yankuna ke neman hanyoyin ci gaba da kansu.
Yankin Tambov yanki ne na noma, amma kuma yankin na fuskantar matsaloli sosai a fannin samar da iri.
Misali, rashin ingantaccen kayan iri yana hana haɓakar amfanin dankalin turawa. Don ƙara yawan kayan da ake samarwa da kuma ƙaurace wa shigo da kayayyaki daga waje, an fara aiwatar da aikin zuba jari don gina zaɓi da cibiyar samar da iri. Za ta yi amfani da sabbin hanyoyin fasahar kere-kere da za su ba da damar noman iri marasa cutar. Gabaɗaya, gonakin iri 13 sun yi rajista a yankin Tambov, kuma dukkansu suna da nufin samar da iri mai girma na iri masu ban sha'awa. Babban aiki na reshe na Cibiyar Aikin Noma ta Rasha a yankin Tambov ke aiwatar da shi, musamman ta fuskar sa ido kan ingancin kayan iri, kula da tsirrai na amfanin gona da yaduwar kwari masu haɗari, da kuma shawarwari kan yaƙar su.
Ma'amala da "agrotitan" na Yamma: barazana ko fa'ida?
Yayin da sashin iri ke shirin "tashi daga toka na 90s," kamfanoni na kasashen waje na iya ɗaukar kasuwa. A cewar Sanata Irina Gekht, hadewar da kamfanin Bayer na Jamus da kamfanin kera magungunan ciyawa da kuma irin GMO Monsanto a Amurka abu ne mai matukar tayar da hankali.
A yau, an ba da tallafin samar da tashoshin iri da wuraren kiwo. Kuma su, bisa manufa, an riga an fara ƙirƙirar su, alal misali, a St. Petersburg da yankin Chelyabinsk. Hukumar ta FAS ta amince da yarjejeniyar a Rasha, inda ta tilasta wa kamfanin ya raba "asirin nasara" tare da manoman Rasha domin su ci gaba da yin gasa. Muna magana ne game da haɗin gwiwar shekaru biyar a fagen fasahar kere-kere na dijital.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, Bayer-Monsanto za ta canja wurin fasahar iri: kayan aikin kiwo na kwayoyin halitta don masara, fyade, waken soya, alkama, da kuma nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta (tarin kwayoyin halitta) na tumatir, cucumbers, kabeji da amfanin gona da aka jera a sama.
Hukumar ta FAS ta tantance wannan yarjejeniya da katafaren kamfanin noma da kyau, tare da fatan hakan zai taimaka wajen bunkasa fannin noma a cikin gida. Sai dai Sanatoci ba su ga wani kyakkyawan fata a wannan taron ba. "Bayan hadewar, Bayer - Monsanto za ta zama abin dogaro kan kasuwar iri ta duniya. A nan muna ganin barazana ga tsaron kasa da kuma abinci,” in ji Irina Gekht.
Masana harkokin noma a kafafen yada labarai kuma sun nuna shakku: a ra'ayinsu, fasahohin da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka samar ba za su taimaka wa masu samar da Rasha ba ta kowace hanya, tun da ba za su iya amfani da su ba saboda tushen kayan zamani da rashin kwarewa.
source: www.nsss-russia.ru