A wannan lokacin rani, manoman Rasha sun damu sosai game da yadda ake yaɗuwar kaska - da farko an yi yaƙi da su a cikin gonaki, amma saboda sauyin yanayi, a yau suna saurin kamuwa da amfanin gonakin amfanin gona. Ana kuma rubuta barkewar cutar Lepidoptera daban-daban, musamman, auduga bollworm, asu na makiyaya, asu kabeji. Waɗannan da sauran kwari na amfanin gona da ke aiki a cikin 2022 ƙwararrun kamfanin "Agusta" sun fada. - babban mai kera kayayyakin kariya na tsirrai na cikin gida.
Hankalin jama'a a wannan lokacin rani ya jawo tashin fari a kudancin Rasha - musamman, a cikin Krasnodar Territory. Kwararru na Agusta sun lura: da farko, barkewar cutar tana da alaƙa da yawan kwaro na gida. Suna haifar da babbar barazana ga manoma, amma ba bala'o'i ba ne, kamar yadda ake la'akari da mamayewar fari daga Afirka da Asiya (Fara na Italiya, farar Moroccan da farar ƙaura na Asiya). Na biyu, yankin da ke karkashin amfanin gona da wannan annoba ta shafa, shi ne, a mafi muni, kashi kadan cikin dari na daukacin yankin da ake amfani da shi wajen noman amfanin gona. Masana sun nanata cewa muhimmin matakin yaki da fari shi ne fara sarrafa wuraren da aka gano ta. A matsayinka na mai mulki, waɗannan su ne katako, ramuka, kwazazzabo, kauri na reeds a cikin wurare masu laushi. Ana gudanar da sa ido ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin hannu da binciken hanya. Masana suna neman "pods" na fara, wani lokacin suna samun tsutsa. Koyaya, yuwuwar abubuwan buƙatu galibi suna da wahalar shiga, don haka yana da nisa daga koyaushe don kawar da haɗarin yaduwar kwaro gaba ɗaya.
Wata matsalar da ta mamaye manoma shekaru da yawa ita ce barazanar da ake samu ga amfanin gona daga kaska. “Yayin da a baya mitsin ya haifar da barna musamman ga gonaki da gonakin inabi, da kuma kayan lambu da ake nomawa a cikin rufaffiyar kasa, yanzu irin wannan kwaro na kara yaduwa zuwa gonakin gonaki. Wannan na iya kasancewa saboda sauyin yanayi biyu (lokacin sanyi mai zafi) da kuma sauyin tsarin noma da kansa. Hatsi na ƙara cutar da hatsin hunturu (ja-ƙafa) mite da mite na hatsin da ba a iya gani ba. Idan na farko za a iya gani kawai lokacin da ake nazarin shuke-shuke, to, kamuwa da cuta tare da na biyu za a iya tabbatar da shi kawai tare da taimakon binoculars, don haka manoma sukan yi kuskuren lalacewar da aka yi musu da cutar cututtukan fungal ko kuma sakamakon abubuwan mamaki na yanayi. Mite gizo-gizo, wanda a baya ya haifar da lalacewa musamman ga gonaki, gonakin inabi, greenhouses, yanzu yana barazanar waken soya da beets, ban da wannan, a wannan shekara ta fara cutar da sunflowers a yankin Chernozem ta Tsakiya, "in ji Dmitry Belov, shugaban sashen haɓaka samfuran. a JSC Firma Agusta.
Kamfanin ya lura cewa yaki da ticks ya kasance mai rikitarwa da abubuwa da yawa. Da fari dai, ba a iya gano su a wuraren da aka shuka a yankuna da yawa na dogon lokaci, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar. Na biyu, da farko an sarrafa mites tare da tsarin al'ada na kayan aikin kwari wanda ya dace da amfani akan hatsi. Duk da haka, ba pyrethroids ko organophosphorus mahadi da aka tsara don sarrafa kwari da aka nuna suna da tasiri sosai.
Don kulawar da ake buƙata, ana buƙatar kwayoyi musamman akan ticks - acaricides, haka ma, waɗanda ke aiki ba kawai akan manya ba, har ma akan ƙwai da aka dage farawa. A lokaci guda, yawancin magungunan acaricidal a yau an tsara su don amfani a cikin lambuna da amfanin gona na musamman. Samfurin aikace-aikacen su yana nuna ƙananan yankuna a farashi mai tsada. A kan yawan amfanin gona irin su hatsi da waken soya, a zahiri ba zai yiwu ba. Duk da haka, ana neman mafita game da wannan matsala: musamman, "Agusta" yana ba manoma sabon magani "Stiletto", wanda ya haɗa da sinadari mai aiki na asalin halitta abamectin, wanda ake amfani dashi sosai a matsayin maganin kwari da kuma acaricide; musamman, samfurin ya dace da sarrafa mites akan waken soya.
"Har ila yau, ya kamata a mai da hankali kan yaduwar cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta a kan amfanin gona na hatsi, musamman a kan alkama na hunturu," in ji Dmitry Belov. – Kwayar cutar mosaic na alkama tana ɗauke da ƙaramin mite. Ga manoma, wannan cuta ta kasance abin mamaki - karo na ƙarshe ko fiye da ƙananan cututtuka sun faru kimanin shekaru hudu da suka wuce, kuma yanzu wannan lokacin rani an sake samun barkewar cutar. An rubuta cutar a Stavropol, Kuban da kuma a yankin Kaliningrad.
Wata matsala kuma ta bayyana a fili a fannin noman noma, inda ake samun irin wannan amfanin gona mai albarka kamar pear. Yanzu haka mai shan nono ya yi mata barazana mai tsanani, wanda shi ma mai dauke da cututtuka ne kuma ba a iya sarrafa ta da maganin kwari. Copperhead yana haifar da babbar illa ga gonakin pear kusan shekaru uku a jere.
Kwarorin lepidoptera suna nuna ayyukan da aka sani a wannan shekara. A cikin tsakiyar Chernozem yankin, an yi rikodin barkewar cutar auduga. Halin kwaro ya juya ya zama kamar, alal misali, a cikin 2014: ci gaban ƙarni na biyu na ƙarni na farko na rani ya faru a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, tsayin manyan amfanin gona da suka lalace da yawan ciyayi sun kai madaidaicin ƙimar su. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, sarrafa masara da sunflower yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da taimakon masu sarrafa kansu masu ɗaukar hoto ko jirgin sama, gami da jiragen sama marasa matuki. Ganin cewa ingantattun magungunan kashe qwari da aka amince da su don jiyya na jirgin sama ba su isa ba a halin yanzu. Gabaɗaya, akwai mafita mai araha, amma a ƙarshen kakar wasa sau da yawa ana samun ƙarancin magunguna masu mahimmanci. A cewar masana na “Agusta”, a wasu gonakin auduga ya cinye duk ganyen sunflower, yayin da ake samun karancin matsalolin waken soya – shi ma auduga yana cutar da shi, amma yana da sauki wajen sarrafa wannan amfanin gona.
Haka nan kuma yawan amfanin gonakin da ake nomawa yana da yawa, wanda ake samunsa a kusan dukkan amfanin gona da ake nomawa, tun daga kayan marmari har zuwa amfanin gona. Godiya ga jiyya na lokaci, amfanin gona daga waɗannan kwari za a iya samun ceto. An lura da bullar cutar a yankin tsakiyar Chernozem, a Altai da sauran yankuna. Har ila yau, an gano lalacewar da aka yi wa nau'in fyade ta hanyar asu - alal misali, a Bashkiria, Tatarstan, Khakassia, da Ryazan yankin. Duk da haka, jirgin na manya kwari a cikin wannan shekara ya juya ya zama in mun gwada da marigayi: an rubuta shi a tsakiyar watan Yuli, lokacin da rapeseed ya riga ya ɓace a wurare da yawa. Wannan ya taimaka sosai wajen shawo kan kwari, tun da a cikin irin wannan yanayin, haɗarin lalacewar ƙudan zuma da ke tattara ƙwari a cikin gonakin da aka yi wa fyade ya ragu sosai.
Gabaɗaya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a watan Agusta, a cikin 2022 a yawancin yankuna har yanzu yana yiwuwa a guje wa asarar amfanin gona mai yawa saboda yaduwar kwari.