Sergey Banadysev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences.
LLC "Doka - Gene Technologies"
Wannan kakar, akwai sigina daga masu amfani game da m dandano dankali ba tare da bayyane greening na tubers. Dalilin dacin ɗanɗano shine abun ciki na glycoalkaloids sama da 14 MG / 100 g.
Glycoalkaloids (GCAs) suna faruwa a zahiri, ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, masu daɗaɗɗen zafi a yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire, gami da dankali. Suna da kaddarorin fungicidal da magungunan kashe qwari kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin kariyar dabi'ar tsirrai.
Yanzu an tabbatar da cewa dankalin turawa glycoalkaloids a cikin warkewa maida hankali ne da yawa m Properties ga lafiyar mutum: antitumor, antimalarial, anti-mai kumburi, da dai sauransu Technologies ga kasuwanci hakar daga cikin wadannan abubuwa a lokacin da masana'antu sarrafa dankali da ake ci gaba, amma wannan shi ne. wani batu na daban don wallafe-wallafe, kuma an taƙaita manufar a ƙasa. bayanai - zayyana zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su don hana yawan tarin glycoalkaloids a cikin dankalin da aka ware.
Babban HCAs da ke ƙunshe a cikin tubers dankalin turawa sune α-solanine da α-chaconine (Fig. 1), wanda ke da kimanin kashi 95% na jimlar abun ciki na glycoalkaloids a cikin wannan nau'in shuka.
Solanine da chaconine sune alkaloids na steroidal masu ɗauke da nitrogen waɗanda ke ɗauke da aglycone iri ɗaya, solanidine, amma sun bambanta a cikin sashin gefe na tri-saccharide. Trisaccharide a cikin α-solanine shine galactose, glucose da rhamnose, yayin da a cikin α-chaconine shine glucose da ragowar biyu.
rhamnose. Tuber dankalin turawa na yau da kullun yana ƙunshe da matsakaita 10-150 mg/kg na glycoalkaloids, yayin da kore ya ƙunshi 250-280 mg/kg, kuma bawo mai kore ya ƙunshi 1500-2200 mg/kg. A abun ciki na glycoalkaloids a kasuwanci dankalin turawa tubers ne in mun gwada da low, kuma
rarraba a cikin tuber ba uniform. Matsakaicin matakan suna iyakance ga kwasfa, yayin da mafi ƙarancin matakan ana samun su a cikin yanki mai mahimmanci. Ana samun HCA koyaushe a cikin tubers, kuma a allurai har zuwa 100mg/kg suna haɗuwa don ba da gudummawa ga ɗanɗanon dankali.
Fries na Faransanci da kwakwalwan dankalin turawa yawanci sun ƙunshi matakan HCA na 0,04-0,8 da 2,3-18 mg/100 g na samfur, bi da bi. Kayayyakin kwasfa suna da wadata a cikin glycoalkaloids (56,7-145 da 9,5-72 mg / 100 g na samfur, bi da bi). Samar da kayan dankalin turawa sun hada da wankewa, bawo, yanke, bushewa, bushewa da soya. An cire mafi yawan adadin glycoalkaloids a lokacin tsaftacewa, blanching da frying, da kuma shirye-shiryen cin abinci na Faransanci sun ƙunshi kawai 3-8% glycoalkaloids idan aka kwatanta da albarkatun kasa, tare da babban lalata HCA da ke faruwa a lokacin frying. An tabbatar da cewa kwasfa yakan kawar da yawancin glycoalkaloids a cikin tubers masu cin abinci. Dankalin da aka dafa shi da fata zai iya zama daci fiye da waɗanda ba a goge ba saboda ƙaura na glycoalkaloids cikin nama yayin aikin dafa abinci. Tafasa yana rage matakin HCA kawai da 20%, yin burodi da dafa abinci na microwave baya rage abun ciki na glycoalkaloids, tun da tsananin zafin jiki na bazuwar HCA yana kusan 170 ° C.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da guba na HCA a cikin dankali a cikin tarihin abubuwan lura ba su da yawa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a ambaci alamun bayyanar cututtuka irin su tashin zuciya, amai, gudawa, ciwon ciki da ciwon ciki, ciwon kai, zazzabi, saurin bugun jini da rauni, saurin numfashi, da hangen nesa. Matsakaicin mai guba na HCA ga mutane shine 1-5 mg/kg na nauyin jiki, kuma adadin kisa shine 3-6 mg/kg na nauyin jiki lokacin gudanar da baki. Saboda haka, yawancin ƙasashe masu girma dankalin turawa sun saita iyaka ga glycoalkaloids na 20 mg/100 g sabo ne nauyi da 100 mg/100 g busassun nauyi azaman amintaccen iyaka a cikin tubers masu cin abinci.
An sani cewa dankalin turawa tubers tare da HCA 14 mg/100 g sun riga da dan kadan m, yayin da
ƙonewa a cikin makogwaro da baki yana haifar da ƙima fiye da 22 MG / 100 g. Saboda haka, mafi kyawun jagora ga masu amfani shine: "Idan dankalin turawa ya ɗanɗana, kada ku ci."
A mataki na girma, adanawa da siyar da dankali, yana da mahimmanci don hana tarin yiwuwar haɗari na HCA a cikin tubers.
Tarin HCA ba makawa yana faruwa a cikin tubers, amma ana kunna shi akai-akai ƙarƙashin rinjayar hasken rana. Haske kuma yana haifar da samuwar chlorophyll da sakamakon greening na fata na tubers. Waɗannan matakai ne masu zaman kansu tare da sakamako daban-daban. Chlorophyll kwatakwata mara lahani ne kuma mara daɗi. A lokaci guda, launin kore yana nuna alamar tsawaita haske ga haske kuma, saboda haka, tarin glycoalkaloids wanda ya faru. Dankalin da ya koma kore ba a sayar da shi ko cire shi daga kan dakunan da zaran canza launi ya zama sananne. Babban abun ciki na glycoalkaloids yana haifar da gunaguni daga masu amfani kuma yana rage ƙimar kasuwancin samfuran da aka sayar. Wani lamari mai wahala da aka lura a cikin yanayi na yanzu, wato, ɗanɗano mai ɗaci na dankali ba tare da alamun greening a bayyane ba, ya cancanci bayani daban-daban da kuma nazarin yiwuwar dalilai.
Tunda koren dankalin turawa shine babban abin da ke haifar da tabarbarewar ingancin dankali a cikin harkar kasuwanci da kuma babbar matsalar kasuwanci, an yi nazari sosai kan dukkan fasalulluka na wannan lamari. A lokaci guda kuma, da yawa gwani bayanai aka kuma samu a kan jari na HCA a tubers. Kamar mai tushe na ƙasa, tubers dankalin turawa, gabobin tsire-tsire marasa hoto ne waɗanda ba su da tsarin photosynthesis. Duk da haka, bayan fallasa ga haske, amyloplasts masu ɗauke da sitaci suna jujjuya su zuwa chloroplasts a cikin sassan sassan sel na tuber, wanda ke haifar da tarawar chlorophyll mai koren photosythetic pigment. Tuber greening na iya rinjayar da kwayoyin halitta, al'adu, physiological da muhalli dalilai, ciki har da dasa zurfin, physiological shekaru tubers, zazzabi, yanayi oxygen matakan da haske yanayi. Babban abubuwan da ke tasiri matakin greening da tarawa na glycoalkaloids sune ƙarfi da yanayin yanayin haske, zafin jiki, halayen kwayoyin halitta na iri.
Haɗin chlorophyll da HCA a cikin tuber yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar raƙuman haske na bayyane daga 400 zuwa 700 nm (Fig. 2). A cewar masu binciken, haɓakar chlorophyll yana nuna matsakaicin a 475 da 675 nm (shuɗi da jajaye, bi da bi), yayin da matsakaicin haɗin α-solanine da α-chaconine yana faruwa a 430 nm da 650 nm. Haɗin Chlorophyll kaɗan ne a 525-575 nm, yayin da HCA ke taruwa kaɗan a 510-560 nm (yankin kore). Waɗannan bambance-bambance sun tabbatar da zato na hanyoyi daban-daban don biosynthesis na chlorophyll da HCA. Matsakaicin chlorophyll a cikin tubers dankalin turawa da aka fallasa zuwa haske shuɗi (0,10 W/m2) ya ninka sau uku mafi girma bayan ajiya na kwanaki 16 idan aka kwatanta da dankalin da aka fallasa ga haske shuɗi.
fallasa zuwa haske ja (0,38 W/m2). Fitilar fitilu (7,5 W/m2) suna fitar da sau 1,9 fiye da hasken shuɗi (400-500 nm) fiye da fitilun LED (7,7 W/m2), yayin da fitilun LED suna fitar da haske sau 2,5 fiye da hasken haske ja (620-680 nm) fiye da bututun kyalli. Don haka, maye gurbin fitilu masu kyalli da fitilun LED a cikin shagunan kayan miya na iya rage yawan tsawon tsawon shuɗi mai cutarwa.
Tushen dankalin turawa da aka adana a cikin duhu ba su ƙunshi chlorophyll ba. Bayan shigar da haske, a zahiri a cikin 'yan sa'o'i kadan, ana kunna takamaiman kwayoyin halitta don samar da jerin samfuran chlorophyll da HCA. Fasahar nazarin kwayoyin halitta suna ba da damar gano tsarin kwayoyin halitta, kuma ya nuna cewa hanyoyin sarrafa kwayoyin halitta na waɗannan matakai suna da takamaiman takamaiman. An yi nazarin tasirin fitilun LED na monochromatic tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban da kunkuntar. Tsarin haske na gyaran shimfidar wuri na dankalin turawa an gudanar da shi a ƙarƙashin haske akai-akai wanda aka samar da diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs). An yi amfani da tsawon tsawon haske B (blue, 470 nm), R (ja, 660 nm) da FR (ja mai nisa, 730 nm) da WL (fari, 400-680 nm) na kwanaki 10. Tsawon igiyoyin shuɗi da ja sun kasance masu tasiri don ƙaddamarwa da tarawar chlorophyll, carotenoids, da manyan glycoalkaloids na dankalin turawa guda biyu, α-solanine da α-chaconine, yayin da babu ɗayansu da ya taru a cikin duhu ko ƙarƙashin haske mai nisa. Maɓalli na kwayoyin halitta don chlorophyll biosynthesis (HEMA1, wanda ke ƙaddamar da ƙimar iyakataccen enzyme don glutamyl-tRNA reductase, GSA, CHLH, da GUN4) da kuma kwayoyin halitta guda shida (HMG1, SQS, CAS1, SSR2, SGT1, da SGT2) da ake buƙata don kira na glycoalkaloids kuma an jawo su cikin fari, shuɗi da haske ja, amma ba a cikin duhu ba ko tare da haske mai nisa (Fig.3,4,5). Waɗannan bayanan suna nuna rawar biyun cryptochromic da phytochromic photoreceptors a cikin tarin chlorophyll da glycoalkaloids. Gudunmawar phytochrome an ƙara samun goyan baya ta lura cewa haske mai nisa zai iya hana farar hasken da ya haifar da tarin chlorophyll da glycoalkaloids da kuma bayanin jinsin da ke da alaƙa.
Irin dankali daban-daban suna samar da chlorophyll da launin kore a farashi daban-daban, wanda bincike da yawa ya tabbatar. Misali, Norway ta gano bambance-bambance a cikin alamun sauye-sauyen launi tsakanin cultivars da haɓaka ma'auni daban-daban na ƙima don nau'ikan iri daban-daban bisa ingantattun ma'auni na chlorophyll da launi. Canje-canjen launi na gani na nau'ikan dankali guda huɗu da aka adana na awanni 84 a ƙarƙashin hasken LED ana nuna su a cikin siffa. 6.
Asterix mai launin fata mai launin ja (Fig. 6a) ya nuna karuwa mai yawa a cikin kusurwar launi, yana tafiya daga ja zuwa launin ruwan kasa, yayin da Folva mai launin rawaya (Fig. 6b) ya canza daga rawaya-kore zuwa kore-rawaya. Celandie mai launin rawaya (Fig. 6c) ya nuna mafi ƙarancin canji na duk sigogin launi akan fallasa zuwa haske, yayin da nau'in rawaya Mandel (Fig. 6d) ya canza launi sosai, daga rawaya zuwa launin toka. A cikin nau'i na dijital, jadawali na canjin launi na nau'in dankali daban-daban a cikin haske yayi kama da wannan (Fig. 7).
A cikin wannan gwaji, duk nau'ikan ban da Mandel sun nuna haɓaka mai yawa a cikin jimlar glycoalkaloids bayan fiye da sa'o'i 36 na hasken haske. Amma haɓakar canje-canje da matakin abun ciki na HCA ya bambanta sosai a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban: Asterix - daga 179 zuwa 223 mg / kg, Nansen - daga 93 zuwa 160 mg / kg, Rutt - daga 136 zuwa 180 mg / kg, Celandin - daga 149 zuwa 182 mg / kg, Folva - daga 199 zuwa 290 mg / kg, Hassel - daga 137 zuwa 225 mg / kg, Mandel - babu canji (192-193) mg / kg.
A New Zealand, an kimanta duka nau'ikan dankali na ƙasa da tsananin kore. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa adadin chlorophyll a cikin tubers bayan sa'o'i 120 na haske a cikin nau'o'in iri daban-daban ya bambanta da tsari na girma - daga 0,5 zuwa 5,0 MG (Fig. 8).
Mahimman sakamako mai amfani yana biyo bayan wannan bayanin ƙwararru. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar haske, ana samar da chlorophyll a cikin dankalin turawa, wanda ke ba da jiki launin kore, kuma fata mai launin kore ko launin ruwan kasa. Daban-daban nau'ikan dankali suna haɓaka nau'ikan launuka daban-daban kuma a farashi daban-daban. Abubuwan da ke cikin haske na ɗan canza canjin yanayin tarin chlorophyll, amma zaɓin yin amfani da bakan ja mai nisa, da duhu (wanda baya haifar da tarin chlorophyll), bai dace da shagunan sayar da dankali ba. Akwai nau'ikan da ke tara ƙasa da chlorophyll sau 10 a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske iri ɗaya. Hanyoyin tarawa na glycoalkaloids sun bambanta da yanayin kore. Babban bambanci shi ne cewa farkon adadin HCA a cikin tubers kafin shigar da cinikayya da kuma farkon m lighting ba daidai da sifili, sabanin chlorophyll, kuma zai iya zama quite gagarumin. Thearancin tsananin greening iri-iri da yawa yana ƙayyade kasancewar dankali mai tsayi a kan ɗakunan ajiya, wanda ke haifar da tarin HCA mafi girma.
Tun da gunaguni game da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci ba ya faruwa a kowace shekara, ya zama dole don gano wasu dalilai na haɓaka matakin glycoalkaloids a cikin tubers waɗanda ba su da haske ko halaye iri-iri a matakin aiwatarwa. A aikace, dangantakar aiki tsakanin greening da tarawa na glycoalkaloids yana nufin buƙatar nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da kore. Abubuwan samarwa da ke shafar greening da tarin HCA:
- Halin girma: Kasancewar tushen tushe na ƙasa, tubers na iya zama kore a cikin fili tare da ƙarancin ɗaukar ƙasa, ta hanyar tsaga a cikin ƙasa, ko sakamakon iska da / ko zaizayar ƙasa. Da wannan a zuciya, yakamata a dasa dankali mai zurfi sosai yayin da ake kiyaye isasshen danshi na ƙasa don tabbatar da fitowar sauri da daidaito. Matsakaicin karuwa a cikin ƙarfin tuber kore yana faruwa tare da karuwa a cikin ka'idar nitrogen a cikin ƙasa daga 0 zuwa 300 kg / ha. A lokaci guda kuma, masu binciken sun lura cewa ka'idar nitrogen sau biyu a lokacin noma yana kara yawan abun ciki na glycoalkaloids da kashi 10 cikin dari a wasu nau'ikan. glycoalkaloids. Yanayi, tsayi, nau'in ƙasa, danshi na ƙasa, samun taki, gurɓataccen iska, lokacin girbi, maganin kashe qwari, da fallasa hasken rana komai.
- Tuber balagagge a lokacin girbi.Tasirin girma a girbi akan mitar kore yana da jayayya. Matasa dankali masu santsi da siraran fata na iya juya kore da sauri fiye da manyan tubers. Farkon maturing iri na iya nuna girma jari na glycoalkaloids fiye da marigayi maturing tubers, amma akwai shaida ga akasin haka a cikin takamaiman karatu.
- Rauni ga tubers ba ya shafar tarin chlorophyll ta kowace hanya, amma yana haifar da tarin HCA (matakin HCA yana ƙaruwa kamar yadda yake yi a sakamakon hasken haske (Fig. 9).
- Yanayin ajiya. Tubers da aka adana a ƙananan zafin jiki ba su da sauƙi ga kore da tarin HCA. Tushen fata na dankalin turawa a 1 da 5 ° C a ƙarƙashin haske mai kyalli ya nuna babu canjin launi bayan kwanaki 10 na ajiya, yayin da kyallen da aka adana a 10 da 15 ° C sun juya kore daga kwana na huɗu da na biyu, bi da bi. Ma'ajiyar zafin jiki na 20 ° C a ƙarƙashin haske ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama mafi kyau ga samar da chlorophyll, kwatankwacin yawancin shagunan tallace-tallace. Glycoalkaloids suna taruwa sau biyu cikin sauri a 24 ° C fiye da a 7 ° C a cikin daki mai duhu, kuma haske yana haɓaka wannan tsari har ma da ƙari.
- Kayan marufi. Zaɓin marufi don shagunan tallace-tallace shine muhimmiyar mahimmanci wajen sarrafa kore da tarawar HCA. Kayan marufi masu fayyace ko bayyanawa suna ƙarfafa kore da haɗin HCA, yayin da marufi mai duhu (ko kore) yana rage raguwar lalacewa.
Dangane da gwaje-gwajen da aka tabbatar da su akai-akai, zamu iya amincewa da cewa matakin mafi girma na glycoalkaloids a cikin tubers dankalin turawa na kakar yanzu idan aka kwatanta da matakin da aka saba shine saboda yanayi mara kyau na samuwar amfanin gona. Tsawon lokacin zafi da fari a watan Yuli - farkon Satumba ya jinkirta maturation na tubers da shayar da nitrogen, ƙasa a cikin ridges a cikin filayen ba tare da ban ruwa ba. Farkon girbi ya faru a kan bangon ƙasa mai bushewa da yawa da kuma babban adadin lumps, wanda ya haifar da ƙara rauni ga tubers. Bayan haka, saurin girbin ya ragu saboda yawan ruwan sama. Filaye bayan bushewa, i.e. ba tare da shading saman ƙasa ba, sun jira dogon lokaci don girbi. Wadannan unfavorable yanayi da gudummawar duka biyu ga greening na tubers da samuwar fiye da saba yawa na HCA a cikinsu.
Mafi inganci hanyoyin da za a hana maras so jari na glycoalkaloids zo saukar zuwa mai tsanani iyakance na daukan hotuna na tubers zuwa haske a lokacin namo, ajiya da kuma sayarwa, musamman a kan backdrop na high yanayin zafi. Ayyukan noma kamar zurfin shuka daidai, samuwar ƙugiya mai ƙarfi, ƙimar taki mafi kyau ana amfani dashi akai-akai a cikin fasahar samar da dankalin turawa na zamani. Tushen da ba su da girma sun ƙunshi matakan solanine mafi girma fiye da manyan tubers. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci kada a yi girbi da wuri, don bushe mai tushe a dogara, kuma a ba da damar isasshen lokaci (makonni biyu zuwa uku) don tubers ya girma. An ba da garanti don hana tsagewar ridges yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da taimakon lokaci da isasshen ban ruwa na lokaci-lokaci. Zai yiwu a rage sakamakon fashewa a cikin lokacin girbi na farko, bayan gabatarwar desiccants, ta hanyar mirgina ridges. Don yin wannan, ana samar da injuna na musamman don mirgina ridges, alal misali, GRIMME RR 600, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don haɗawa tare da defoliators (Fig. 10). Koyaya, a cikin Tarayyar Rasha har yanzu ana amfani da su sosai da wuya. Haka kuma, wannan hanyar noma tana da sauƙi, arha, mai amfani da inganci. Matsayin HCA yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ingancin haske, tsawon lokaci da ƙarfi. Chlorophyll kore ne saboda yana nuna koren haske yayin da yake ɗaukar ja-rawaya da shuɗi. Samuwar chlorophyll ya fi tsanani a ƙarƙashin hasken shuɗi da orange-ja (Fig. 11). A ƙarƙashin hasken kore, kore dankali a zahiri ba ya faruwa, kuma a ƙarƙashin shuɗi ko hasken ultraviolet, yana faruwa zuwa matakin rauni. Fitilar fitilu suna haifar da ciyayi fiye da hasken wuta. Sassan, ɗakunan ajiya don dankali ya kamata a haskaka haske da sanyi. Ya kamata a kauce wa fallasa tubers a ajiya zuwa hasken rana. Yi amfani da kwararan fitila masu ƙarancin wuta kuma kar a bar su fiye da yadda ya kamata. Ƙasar da ke saman tubers na ba da kariya daga hasken haske da shimfidar wuri. Dankalin da aka wanke yana juyawa da sauri. Da zarar dankalin turawa ya zama kore, ba zai iya jurewa ba kuma dole ne a jerawa kafin sayarwa.
Fasahar Hasken Emitting Diode (LED) na zamani yana buɗe sabbin dama don hana samuwar solanine a duk matakan girbi bayan girbi na samar da dankalin turawa. Serially samar da fitilun musamman don masana'antar dankalin turawa, suna aiki a cikin bakan 520-540 nm (Fig. 12). Haske, wanda idon ɗan adam ya ɗauka a matsayin kore, yana hana haɓakar chlorophyll da solanine yadda ya kamata kuma don haka yana da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye darajar dankalin turawa yayin adanawa da ƙarin sarrafawa. Irin waɗannan fitilun suna da tasiri musamman a wuraren shirye-shiryen siyarwar da aka riga aka yi da kuma ajiyar ajiya na dankalin turawa. Kuma wata ka'ida ta gaba ɗaya: kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a hankali a hankali kuma kiyaye dankali ya bushe, saboda danshi yana ƙara ƙarfin haske akan fata.
Nau'in da launi na kayan marufi yana rinjayar ƙarfin tarin HCA. Talla da talla a gefe, yana da kyau a tattara dankalin ku a cikin takarda mai duhu ko jakunkuna masu duhu don guje wa fallasa haske. Akwai ma shawarwarin cewa kayan marufi don nau'ikan dankalin turawa masu mahimmanci yakamata su sami jimlar watsa haske na ƙasa da 0,02 W/m2. Irin waɗannan ƙananan matakan shigar haske suna yiwuwa ne kawai idan an haɗa su a cikin baƙar fata mai Layer Layer biyu tare da aluminium. Jakunkuna na kallon cellophane kore suna hana kore kore kuma baya haɓaka samuwar solanine. A bayyane yake cewa irin waɗannan shawarwarin sun fada cikin nau'in niyya mai kyau idan yazo da siyar da dankali. Ana zaɓar launukan marufi a cikin ciniki kawai a cikin mahallin tallan tallace-tallace.
Hakanan yanayin haske a cikin shagunan sayar da kayayyaki yana da wahalar daidaitawa. Babu wani kamfani na kasuwanci da ke tsara hasken wuta bisa gaskiyar cewa ana lura da mafi ƙarancin tarin HCA da kore a cikin bakan 525-575 nm. Ko da irin wannan hanyar kariya ta zama dole kuma mai sauƙi kamar yadda ake rufe dankali tare da kayan rufe haske a cikin sa'o'i da yawa ba a cika yin su ta hanyar shagunan ba.
Takaitaccen bayanin da ke sama ya lissafa duk ingantattun hanyoyin rigakafi don sarrafa tarin glycoalkaloids a cikin tubers dankalin turawa. An yi yunƙuri da yawa don nemo ƙarin hanyoyin daidaitawa: jiyya tare da mai, waxes, surfactants, sinadarai, masu sarrafa girma har ma da ionizing radiation, wanda a yawancin lokuta ya nuna ingantaccen inganci. Duk da haka, waɗannan hanyoyin ba a amfani da su a aikace saboda rikitarwa, tsada da matsalolin muhalli.
Masu bin sabbin fasahohi suna bayyana bege masu haske don gyara kwayoyin halitta da kuma "kashe" kwayoyin halittar halittar chlorophyll da HCA. Ana aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan sosai a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, inda ba a rarraba wannan fasaha azaman nau'in GMO (an rarraba shi a cikin Tarayyar Rasha), akwai wallafe-wallafe da yawa akan wannan batu, amma har yanzu babu buƙatar yin magana. game da m nasarori. Kamar yadda yawancin hanyoyin kiwo na juyin juya hali da aka gabatar a baya, farkon euphoria daga yuwuwar gyara kwayoyin halitta ana maye gurbinsu a hankali ta hanyar wayar da kan matsananciyar rikitarwa na hanyoyin rayuwa. Ya isa a duba zanen da ke lissafin hanyoyin da aka riga aka gano da suka danganci haɗin GCA da kwayoyin dankalin turawa da ke cikin waɗannan matakai (Fig. 13). Duk da fayyace wannan zanen, har yanzu kungiyoyin masu bincike masu kishin wannan al'amari ba su yi nasarar gudanar da irin wannan hadadden tsari na mu'amala tsakanin kwayoyin halitta masu yawa da kuma kayayyakin da suka hada su ba. Toshewa da alama keɓantacce, kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya ba wai kawai ga canje-canjen da ake tsammani a cikin takamaiman matakan glycoalkaloids ba, har ma da gagarumin canje-canje a cikin samuwar wasu samfuran sinadarai, waɗanda ba a saita aikin gyara ba.
Duk da haka, ko da ba tare da jiran nasara nan gaba a cikin genome tace, duk kasuwanci dankalin turawa iri a halin yanzu girma a karkashin al'ada yanayi low, cikakken aminci abun ciki na glycoalkaloids, saboda m ragewa a cikin wannan nuna alama a lokacin da yawa shekaru na gargajiya kiwo aikin. Dangane da nau'ikan da ke da ɗan jinkirin tarawar chlorophyll da kore na kwasfa, wannan ba abin takaici ba ne kuma ba dalili ba ne na ƙi su. Amma a lokacin da sayar da dankali, wajibi ne a hukumance sanar da kungiyoyin kasuwanci cewa iri-iri yana da peculiarity domin hana wuce kima dogon daukan hotuna na tubers ga haske da kuma sakamakon da'awar na masu saye ga wani m m dandano in babu bayyananne greening.