Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, karas yana matsayi na uku a cikin "ƙungiyar borsch" dangane da amfani a Rasha. Dankali da albasa ne kawai suka fi ta shahara. Koyaya, sanannen ra'ayi ne na dangi, yayin da manoma suka sake gamsuwa a ƙarshen lokacin 2022.
Samfurin bitamin bai kawo masu samar da kudin shiga da ake tsammani ba. Mai yiwuwa, kamar yadda Vasily Zaitsev, sanannen mai noman karas kuma wakilin tallace-tallace na Vilmorin ya yi hasashen, hakan zai haifar da raguwar samar da karas a shekarar 2023.
RAGE YANKI
"Bisa ga abin da na lura," in ji masanin, "yankin da ke ƙarƙashin karas a wannan kakar ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da bara kuma da gaske. Hasali ma, dukkan manyan ‘yan wasa sun sanar da rage yawan amfanin gona da kusan kashi 30 cikin dari.”
Kamar yadda Vasily Zaitsev ya lura, akwai dalilai da yawa na asarar sha'awar manoma a cikin noman karas, ɗayansu shine mawuyacin yanayi don girbi lokacin 2022. “A wasu yankuna, damina ba ta daina ba sai farkon lokacin sanyi,” in ji shi, “ba duk kamfanonin aikin gona ba ne suka iya shirya gonakin da za a yi shuka a kan kari, kuma wani ya bar wani ɓangare na amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Shuka
kayan lambu a wadannan yankuna a 2023 ba su da ma'ana, ragowar tsire-tsire marasa lalacewa sune tushen cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Don haka dole ne manoma su zabi zabin hatsi.”
Dalili na biyu mai kyau na watsi da karas shine ƙarancin farashin duk kayan lambu na fili (ban da albasa) da wahalar sayar da kayan amfanin gona a duk shekara. Vasily Zaitsev ya ce: “A zahiri manoma sun yanke shawarar abin da za su shuka a wannan shekara har zuwa watan Afrilu, domin babu bukatar kowane amfanin gona a kasuwa.
Ragewar buƙatu, a cewar ƙwararren, an bayyana shi ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na samar da samfur a kasuwa. A cikin 2022 (bayan lokacin hauhawar farashin waɗannan samfuran), an dasa ƙarin kayan lambu kamar yadda aka zata. Vasily Zaitsev ya ce: "A yankin Volgograd kawai, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin karas ya ƙaru sosai saboda ƙananan manoma."
Bugu da ƙari, an ba da samfurori daga yankunan da aka haɗa da Belarus zuwa ɗakunan ajiya na shaguna na Rasha (a baya, wani ɓangare na karas na Belarushiyanci-Rasha ya tafi Ukraine).
Amma yawan isar da kayayyaki daga China, Isra'ila, Masar a cikin 2022 ana tsammanin ya ragu, samfuran waɗannan ƙasashe an tura su zuwa kasuwannin da aka kafa farashi mafi girma. Vasily Zaitsev ya ce: “A al’adance, ana shigo da karas da yawa cikin Rasha daga Kazakhstan, musamman daga yankin Pavlodar, inda ake noman wannan amfanin gona sosai,” in ji Vasily Zaitsev, “iyaka tsakanin ƙasashen da ke cikin Hukumar Kwastam a buɗe take. Ana sayar da su a ko'ina cikin Siberiya, wanda, ba shakka, yana shafar yawan samar da waɗannan samfurori a cikin yankuna na Tarayyar Siberiya. A bara, saboda ƙarancin farashi a Rasha, wannan kwararar ya tafi Asiya, abin da zai faru a sabuwar kakar yana da wuya a faɗi.
SABON SHEKARA, SABON FARASHI
Tabbas, kasar ba za ta kasance gaba daya ba tare da karas ba. Saukowar gaba daya ta yi nasara, ko da yake shirye-shiryen da aka yi masa sun kasance tare da wasu matsaloli. Kamar yadda aka zata, lokacin bayarwa don tsaba daga kasashen waje ya karu. "A baya, bari mu ce, an kawo mota daga Faransa tsawon makonni biyu, yanzu yana ɗaukar wata daya da rabi.”, sharhin wakilin tallace-tallace na Vilmorin. Hakanan farashin ya tashi - idan aka kwatanta da bara (idan ba mu yi la'akari da lokacin tsalle mai kaifi a cikin canjin canjin ba) da matsakaicin 20%.
«Wannan alama ce ga Rasha, - la'akari Vasily Zaitsev, - Yawancin kamfanonin sufuri sun ƙi yin aiki tare da ƙasarmu. Wadanda suka ci gaba da yin hakan sun yi tsadar farashinsu kuma suna daukar inshorar balaguro a farashi mafi girma.". A lokaci guda kuma, bisa ga ƙwararrun, iri ɗaya a cikin ƙasashe maƙwabta (Belarus, Kazakhstan, da dai sauransu) sun kai 30-40% mai rahusa. Bambance-bambancen sananne ne, yawancin manoma (na waɗanda ba su yi shuka tare da kuɗin kuɗi ba kuma ba su da rahoto ga bankuna) a wannan shekara sun fi son siyan kayan shuka a cikin ƙasashe maƙwabta "ba bisa hukuma ba", don tsabar kuɗi, ba tare da takaddun shaida ba, a nasu. hadari da kasada.
Haɗarin, ta hanyar, yana da gaske. “Alal misali, lokacin da ake shigo da tsaba na karas daga tsakiyar Asiya, akwai yuwuwar karɓar kayan da suka kamu da cutar ta hanyar tsiri dankalin turawa (guntu na zebra), tunda a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe ba a aiwatar da kulawar phytosanitary don kasancewar Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum. "Masanin ya ce, "a halin da ake ciki, wannan cuta ce mai haɗari da ke barazana ba kawai karas ba, har ma da dankalin da ake nomawa a cikin jujjuyawar amfanin gona. Asarar amfanin gona na iya kaiwa 40%.
ZABEN FALALAR SHANTANE
A cewar wakilin kamfanin Vilmoro, masu samar da aikin gona na Rasha ba sa fuskantar karancin karancin karatuttukan da kuma hybrids a cikin sabon kakar, zai yuwu a shigo da duk wani matsayi daga nasarorin da aka hada a rajistar jihar.
A lokaci guda, abokan ciniki sun zaɓi zaɓi musamman don goyon bayan hybrids na nau'in nau'in Shantane. "A wani bangare, wannan kuma sakamakon mawuyacin kaka ne na 2022., ya bayyana Vasily Zaitsev, - Hybrids Shantane ba su da daɗi kamar Nantes ko Kuroda, amma karas na wannan iri-iri suna raguwa kuma suna da mafi ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin cewa agrarian yana da ƙarin damar girbi a cikin yanayi mara kyau..
Gabaɗaya, kamar yadda ƙwararrun suka lura, yaduwar nau'in nau'in Shantane a ƙasarmu yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙaddamar da girbin injiniyoyi.
«A cikin shekaru biyu ko uku da suka gabata, manoma a yankin Volgograd suna yunƙurin canzawa zuwa fasahar ridge; a da, ana shuka karas a nan akan ridges., - gwani ya ba da misali. - Amma a lokacin bala'in, manoma sun fuskanci karancin aiki, sannan kuma an samu hauhawar farashin ma'aikata. Sakamakon haka, kowace gona ta yi ƙoƙarin siyan haɗaɗɗen jeri ɗaya, amma an tilasta mata ta sake fasalin tsarin matasan da suka girma.".
«Amma a cikin gonaki na yankin Novgorod, ana girbe karas da hannu., raba abubuwan lura Zaitsev, - kuma a cikin wannan yanki, karas na nau'in Nantes iri-iri ne suka fi rinjaye. Amfaninsa, ban da dandano, sun haɗa da dacewa don ajiya na dogon lokaci. Yawancin manoma Novgorod suna da ɗakunan ajiya na zamani na zamani, wanda ke ba su damar sayar da kyawawan kayayyaki masu kyau har zuwa lokacin bazara na gaba.".
Ko da yake a kan ɗakunan shaguna a yawancin yankuna na Rasha, Shantane har yanzu yana da wakilci sosai. "Sama da shekaru 10 da suka gabata, lokacin da na fara aiki da Vilmorin, - ce Vasily Zaitsev, - Daga cikin ayyukana akwai tallata karas na nau'in Nantes iri-iri a cikin sarƙoƙi. Irin wannan nau'in sun yadu a Turai, amma akwai kasa daban-daban da yanayi daban-daban, a Faransa da kudancin Jamus, misali, karas na iya yin hunturu a cikin ƙasa. A cikin Rasha, duk abin da ya bambanta, kuma sassan tallace-tallace da ke aiki a kan yankinsa dole ne suyi la'akari da wannan. Don shaguna, da farko, gabatar da samfurori yana da mahimmanci, babu wanda ke buƙatar raguwa, don haka Shantane zai ɗauki rabon zaki a cikin nau'in, wannan yana da amfani ga manoma da masu sayarwa.".
MAI SAUKI AKAN KULA AMMA WUYA GA ARJI
Magana game da makomar karas a Rasha ba sauki ba ne. Ana iya ganin yanayin da ake yi na raguwar yawan amfanin gona a cikin misalin da yawa na manyan ayyukan kayan lambu da aka ƙaddamar a baya a cikin 2014: tare da kowane sabon kakar, suna ƙara rage rabon karas a cikin duka samarwa. A cikin yanayin zamani, wani kamfani da ke noman amfanin gona a kan kadada 50-80 ya riga ya zama babban kamfani.
«Gabaɗaya magana, yana da sauƙin girma., - yakin Vasily Zaitsev, - da wuya a kiyaye. Zan kuma lura da matsalolin gyare-gyare. Babban ɓangaren karas a Rasha ana samar da shi a yankunan kudancin, amma samfurin yana wanke shi da ruwa mai dumi, wanda ke haifar da samuwar "kumburi", kuma yawancin samfurin da ke da kyau yana zuwa sake tsarawa. A cikin Isra'ila, alal misali, duk layin wanke suna sanye take da na'ura mai sanyaya ruwa wanda ke kiyaye ruwa a zafin jiki har zuwa +3 ° C, godiya ga wanda zai yiwu a rage yawan sharar gida.".
Amma duk abubuwan da suka shafi samar da kayayyaki za a iya magance su idan manoma suna da abin ƙarfafawa ga wannan, masanin ya yi imani. "Idan akwai bukata, za a samu wadata., - bayanin kula Zaitsev, - a cikin 2021, karas ya yi tsada sosai, kuma kowa ya yi wahayi. Yanzu za a iya sauƙaƙe haɓakar noma ta hanyar maido da abincin jama'a. Bukatun kayan lambu yana haifar da bangaren abinci sosai, kuma muna fatan hakan zai baiwa manoman dalilin da zai sa su kasance da kyakkyawan fata.".