Irina Berg
ANA SANIN SANIN CEWA DASHEN DAKE TSORO ZUWA DOGOWA YANA NUFIN KYAUTA GABA GABA. AMMA KWAREWA NA NUNA CEWA KODA A LOKACI MAI TSIRA BA DUKKAN MASU NOMAN DANKUNAN DANKUNAN BA ZA SU IYA SHEKARU AKAN TSARI MAI KYAU. KUMA BAYAN SHEKARA KAMAR SHEKARAN DA TA GABATA, ADADIN MANOMA DA SUKE SAYYANE LITTAFI MAI TSARKI KO NA FARKO A KARO MAI ZUWA KAWAI YANA RUWA.
SABABBIN DAMA
A cikin kakar mai zuwa, siyan kayan iri, musamman manyan haifuwa, ya yi nisa da araha ga kowa.
- Sakamakon karancin kudi, gonakin ba su iya siyan kayan iri da ake bukata tsawon shekaru da yawa. - ya jaddada shugaban KFH Vladimir Shipiguzov (Yankin Perm). - Matsalolin yanayi a cikin 2022, ƙarancin amfanin ƙasa da matsalolin tallace-tallace kawai sun tsananta yanayin. Shekarar da ta yi muni sosai ba ta ba mu damar yin cikakken shiri don sabon kakar ba kuma mu sayi duk abin da muke so mu samu.
Sau da yawa masu kera suna zuwa don ceto abokan aikinsu, suna sayar da tsaba a babban rangwame, a cikin rahusa ko tare da biyan kuɗi.
- Gonar mu tana samar da dankali ba wai kawai dankali ba, har ma da dankalin iri don siyarwa., - in ji shugaban KFH Boris Panteleev (yankin Leningrad). - Kimanin ton 400 na iri don sabon girbi dole ne a ba da rance ga mutanen ƙasarsu, waɗanda ba za su iya biya nan da nan ba. Mun amince cewa za a karbi kudin ne a cikin kaka, amma ba a sani ba ko za su iya dawo da duka kudaden a kan lokaci..
An tabbatar da raguwar buƙatun kayan iri ta masu kera ta, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun riga sun ƙidaya asara a farkon kakar wasa.
- Muna aiki ta hanyoyi da yawa, - in ji shugaban KFH "Egorsha" Egor Berezovsky (Yankin Tula), - ciki har da sayar da kayan shuka ga mazauna rani da kuma sayar da ƙananan kayan tattarawa. An sami raguwar buƙatu daga wannan ɓangaren abokin ciniki. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan shi ne, a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a 2022 sun sami girbi mai kyau, saura kuma sun yanke shawarar shuka. Game da manyan batches na iri, an lura da bukatar barga daga masu sarrafawa. Amma a nan ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa ba a cikin kaka ko a cikin bazara sun fuskanci matsaloli tare da sayar da samfurori, kamar yadda masu kera dankalin turawa. Kuma a, farashin sun kasance mafi girma.
Manyan 'yan kasuwa sun sami nasarar kula da matsayinsu saboda daɗaɗɗen dangantakar kasuwanci da kuma babban matakin gasa.
- Saboda ƙananan farashin dankalin tebur, wasu masu kera na Rasha sun fuskanci ƙarancin kuɗi, kuma siyan kayan iri ya zama mai yiwuwa., - ya kammala shugaban sashen kasuwanci na Doka-Gene Technologies LLC Edward Oreshkin (yankin Moscow). - Mun sani daga abokan ciniki cewa akwai quite mai yawa matsala iri a kasuwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa muka ji shigowar umarni a cikin pre-dasa lokaci. Babban kayan iri, ba shakka, yana da farashi mafi girma, wanda shine haɓakar ainihin farashin noman sa, adanawa da shirye-shiryensa. Koyaya, ga mafi yawancin, manoma waɗanda ke da niyyar samun babban sakamako sun shirya don wannan. Saboda haka, bukatar Elite tsaba kasance high.
DAGA SUPERLITE ZUWA…
Ana shirya fitowar mujallar don bugawa a tsakiyar lokacin bazara. Masu noman dankalin turawa sun fada kai tsaye daga gonaki irin amfanin gona da aka zaba domin shuka da kuma irin haifuwar iri da suka fi so.
- Duk da duk matsalolin, mun yi amfani da haifuwa masu girma kawai, - bayanin kula Boris Panteleev. - Alal misali, lokacin da aka dasa nau'in Red Scarlett, sun ɗauki fitattun fitattun mutane, Charoite - fitattu, da Colomba, Primabelle, Bettina iri - na farko haifuwa.»
- Mafi ƙasƙanci haifuwar iri Ina tunanin shuka nan gaba kaɗan, - wannan shi ne fitattun kuma farkon haifuwa, - ya tabbatar da darektan OPH "Dary Ordynska" LLC Shakir Suleymanov (Yankin Novosibirsk). - Muna aiki tare da sarƙoƙi na siyarwa, don haka buƙatun samfuranmu suna da yawa. Ba shi da ma'ana don shuka tsaba na matsakaicin inganci, saboda a sakamakon haka za mu sami amfanin gona iri ɗaya, watakila ma tare da cututtuka da gabatarwar da ba ta da kyau. A cikin sabon kakar, mun zabi super-farko da farkon irin dankalin tebur: Colomba, Gala, Rosara, Riviera, Arizona. Kuma kwakwalwan kwamfuta: BP 808, Lady Claire.
- Muna da iri biyu - Red Scarlett da Gala. - ya bayyana Vladimir Shipiguzov, - amma a wannan lokacin tsaba galibi haifuwa ne na uku. A cikin 2022, don gabatar da dankalin Rodrigue cikin samarwa, mun sayi iri masu kyau, masu inganci na haifuwa na biyu. Amma duk kokarin da muka yi ya ci tura, domin saboda tsananin fari, ba mu sami girbin wannan iri ba.
Laifi A bayyane suke
A cikin lokuta masu wahala, manoma suna jiran taimakon gwamnati don rage farashin aiki. Don taimaka musu, an ba da matakan tallafi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aiwatar da Subprogram "Haɓaka zaɓi da samar da iri dankali a cikin Tarayyar Rasha" na Shirin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Tarayya don Ci gaban Noma na 2017-2030 (FSTP).
Kwamitin masana'antu na masana'antu da kamun kifi na yankin Leningrad ya ba da rahoton cewa yankin na aiki kan wani aikin kimiyya da fasaha na musamman "Haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa na cikin gida da haɓaka fasahar kere kere na dankalin turawa daga rhizoctonia tare da microbial na gida. shirye-shirye”. A yayin aiwatar da shi, AgroInter LLC yana samar da kayan iri na dankalin turawa na sabbin nau'ikan gida na Charoit da Gusar. A cikin 2021, ƙarin ma'aunin tallafi na jiha ya bayyana a cikin nau'i na diyya don kashi 70% na farashi ga masu siyan nau'in dankalin turawa na gida waɗanda aka samar a ƙarƙashin FSTP.
Tuni a cikin kakar wasa ta gaba, an ware 840 dubu rubles daga kasafin yanki don gonar manoma Boris Panteleev don waɗannan dalilai.
- Mun ware hectare 10-12 don dankalin farko, in ji manomi kuma don dashensa a cikin 2022, sun sayi tan 30 na kayan iri na nau'in Charoit. Bayan shekara guda, sun sake maimaita wannan gwaji da nau'in Gusar, inda suka sayi ton 37 na iri da fatan za a biya kashi 70 cikin XNUMX na kudaden da aka kashe. Tabbas irin wadannan kudade daga jihar na taimakawa manoma. Amma da a ce an ba samfuranmu farashi mai kyau, da za mu yi ba tare da tallafi ba.
A cikin yankin Moscow, Ozyory JSC, FH SeDeK LLC, Doka-Gennye Technologii LLC suna da hannu wajen aiwatar da ƙaramin shiri na FSTP. A cewar ma'aikatar noma da abinci ta yankin, a shekarar 2022, sakamakon kokarin da masu kiwon wadannan kamfanoni suka yi, an yi rajistar sabbin nau'ikan dankali guda 4. A kakar da ta gabata, 70% na farashin siyan kayan shuka na Flamingo iri-iri an mayar da su zuwa kasafin yanki ta Yemelyanov Enterprise JSC. Adadin tallafin ya kai kusan 749,5 dubu rubles.
Sai dai kuma ya bayyana cewa a wasu yankuna da dama na kasar, inda editocin mujallar suka gabatar da bukatar, irin wannan tallafin ba ya aiki, bisa zargin rashin mutanen da ke son karba.
- Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa kun gudu na makonni da yawa, kuna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa, tattara tarin takardu, sannan kawai ba za ku ba da kuɗi ba, - jihohi tare da nadama Egor Berezovsky. - Gaskiyar ita ce, lokacin da ake neman tallafi, ana nuna yanayin biyansa: “Idan akwai kuɗaɗen kasafin kuɗi.” Wato ba a ba ku garantin komai ba tukuna. Na ci karo da wannan da kaina, na tattauna wannan batu fiye da sau ɗaya tare da masu siyan kayan iri na mu. Ina tsammanin da yawa sun daina yin imani da tallafin jihohi, don haka ba sa neman sa.
- Yana ɗaukar ƙoƙari mai yawa don samun tallafi., - yarda Edward Oreshkin. - Ba duk batutuwa na Rasha ba ne a bayyane suke tsara yanayin samar da su, akwai shingen tsarin mulki. Tallafin jihohi a cikin tsarin FSTP ana samun kuɗaɗe ne daga kasafin kuɗi na yankuna, amma ba kowane ɗayansu ke da damar ware kudade don wannan shugabanci ba. Kamfaninmu, kasancewa memba na Shirin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Tarayya don Haɓaka Kiwon Dankali da Samar da iri don 2017-2030, yana ƙoƙarin taimakawa abokan ciniki su rage nauyin kuɗi. Yawancinsu sun yi nasarar amfani da yuwuwar tallafin, amma har yanzu ana buƙatar inganta tsarin sa.
- Irin wannan tallafin ya kamata ya zama abin ƙarfafawa ga masu noman dankalin turawa na gida., ya tabbata Shakir Suleymanov. - Kazalika da ba da kuɗaɗen sayan iri mai girma, wannan zai amfanar da masana'antar gaba ɗaya. Kuma, ban da haka, zai ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da aiwatar da manufofin maye gurbin shigo da kaya. Amma manoma suna jiran tallafin jihar don su yi aiki koyaushe a rayuwa ta gaske. rayuwa, ba kawai a kan takarda ba.
GA GIDA
Matakin tallafi na jihar, wanda aka tsara don haifar da karuwar sha'awar iri na gida, bai haifar da gagarumin canje-canje a kasuwa ba. Amma rabon shuka dankali na zaɓi na Rasha har yanzu yana girma.
- A kowace shekara muna rage tallace-tallace na iri abu na kasashen waje iri, ya tabbatar da yanayin Edward Oreshkin. - Yanzu shine kawai 35% na girman tallace-tallace, a matakin 10-12 dubu ton a kowace kakar. Canja zuwa nau'ikan gida, wanda ya cancanta ta hanyar buƙata daga manoma, shine dabarun kamfaninmu. Masu samar da dankalin turawa suna lura da sabbin nasarorin kiwo da ke fitowa a kasuwa, suna gwada su a gonakinsu. Shekaru da yawa mun lura da karuwar sha'awa a cikin nau'ikan Rasha, kuma a yau Firayim, Flamingo da Carmen sun mamaye manyan matsayi a cikin layin samfuran mu dangane da tallace-tallace.
- Tun daga 2018, muna haɓaka tsaba masu girma na tebur iri-iri Varyag, - Yana magana Egor Berezovsky, - Popular tsakanin Rasha masu sarrafawa. Saboda kaddarorinsa na musamman, ban da dalilai na abinci, ya dace da samar da fries na Faransa.
- Mun shafe fiye da shekara guda muna dashen Charoit da Gusar, in ji Boris Panteleev, - kuma a kan bangon nau'in kasashen waje, suna nuna kansu a gefen mai kyau. Amma a gaskiya, zan ce irin wannan zabin ya samo asali ne kawai don samun damar samun ƙarin tallafi daga jihar. Yin la'akari da diyya na wani ɓangare na farashi don siyan tsaba da kaddarorin mabukaci na iri, sun dace da ni sosai.
- Mun dade muna girma Sa'a, amma a cikin 'yan shekaru kadan bukatarsa ta ragu sosai, saboda naman tubers yana duhu idan an dafa shi., raba gwaninta Vladimir Shipiguzov. - A bara dole ne in watsar da shi, kodayake iri-iri yana da ban mamaki, Ina son shi, gami da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bukatar nau'ikan gida daga ƙarshen mabukaci ya kamata ya kasance mai girma, to, gonaki da yawa za su fi son shuka irin wannan dankali.
- Muna sha'awar shuka dankalin turawa sosai, - da'awar Shakir Suleymanov, - Ina tsammanin cewa shekara mai zuwa akalla 30-40% na kayan iri za su zama nau'in gida. Babban abu shi ne cewa suna da kyakkyawar sake dubawa daga wasu masana'antun, kuma dole ne su nuna kansu masu cancanta a cikin yanayin yanayin Siberian. Bari ba a sami yawan amfanin ƙasa ba tukuna, kamar nau'ikan ƙasashen waje, amma za mu iya kasancewa da tabbaci a nan gaba. Bukatar farfado da samar da iri na Rasha ya dade, masu noman dankalin turawa suna bukatar su mai da hankali kan nau'ikan da masu kiwon mu suka kirkira. Yana da mahimmanci ga Rasha ta sami kayan iri masu inganci don mu iya girbi amfanin gona, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin siyasa ba.
A cikin kaka muna ƙidaya
Ƙin masu shuka dankalin turawa daga siyan kayan iri na haifuwa mai girma ba zai sami sakamako mafi kyau akan ingancin amfanin gona na gaba ba. Amma mafi yawa, manoma sun damu game da yiwuwar sake maimaita halin da ake ciki a bara.
- Babu wani abu mai kyau da za a yi tsammani daga sabon kakar, - yana ba da shawara Egor Berezovsky, - saboda har yanzu ana samun yawaitar noman dankali a kasuwa.
Wadanda ba za su iya sayar da shi ba suna shirin fita zuwa rafin har 500, ko ma a karkashin ton dubu. Bugu da kari, suna ci gaba da shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen waje zuwa cikin kasar, alal misali, kwanan nan an sami isar da kayayyaki daga Masar. 2023 zai yi amfani, za a sake yin bala'i. Zai zama girbi mara kyau, halin da ake ciki tare da farashi zai ƙare, amma duk da haka ba za mu sami riba mai yawa a cikin masana'antu ba.
- Shekara biyu bushewa a jere, - magana Vladimir Shipiguzov, - Permian dankalin turawa growers samu yafi tubers ƙananan juzu'i. Noma yashi loamy ƙasashe, ba za mu iya girma mai kyau amfanin gona a cikin yanayi na danshi rashi, da kuma nesa daga ruwa kafofin ba ya ƙyale shirya ban ruwa. Sai dai itace cewa da ba za mu dasa wani haifuwa, ko da elite, ko da super-elite, sakamakon gaba daya ya dogara da yanayin.
- Haɓaka farashin noma tare da raguwar riba ba sa ƙyale manoma da yawa su gabatar da sabbin nau'ikan da sabunta kayan shuka kowace shekara, - bayanin kula Edward Oreshkin. - Wannan yana haifar da matsala da aka jinkirta na rage yawan amfanin gona da ingancin dankalin da za a iya kasuwa.
- Yana ƙara zama da wahala a yi aiki saboda kuɗin dinari na samfura da ƙarancin buƙata, - la'akari Boris Panteleev. - Hukumomin na ci gaba da matsawa manoma, suna cewa: "Ku zo, ku kara shuka!". Amma duk abin da ke nuna cewa ƙasar ba ta buƙatar irin wannan adadin dankalin, kuma babu wanda ke yin lissafin ainihin bukatun jama'a. Manufofin noman da ba su da tunani suna haifar da wuce gona da iri da faɗuwar darajar ribar masana'antar. Manoma nawa ne suka yi fatara a sakamakon haka, kuma nawa ne za su yi fatara a bana...