Dankali - abin da ka shuka, ka girbe. Abin da za a nema a lokacin da ake burodi na biyu don cin nasara sosai
A cikin 2018, an shuka irin dankali iri 28 a Yankin Vladimir, daga cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan sun hada da: Lady Claire (tan 1890,5), Brook (tan 1547), Luck (tan 1000), Newton (425 tan), Hamisa (Tan 373), Saturn (275 tan), Rosara (tan 249).
Istswararru daga gundumar da ɓangarorin tsakiya na FSBI Rosselkhoztsentr reshe a cikin Vladimir Yankin sun gwada tan 8107,4 na kayan dankalin turawa, wanda tan 6128,4 (76%) yanayin ne. Don kwatantawa, a daidai wannan lokacin a bara, 7135,3 tan na ƙwayoyin dankalin turawa da aka gwada, wanda kawai kashi 63% na sharadi ne.
Mafi yawan adadin kayan zuriya suna cikin Melenkovsky (tan 2872), Gus-Khrustalny (tan 1485), Murom (tan 1300). Gabaɗaya, an samar da yankin tare da dankali iri na 78% kuma m shine abu 1-2 na kayan haifuwa (RS1-RS2 4648 tan).
Kwararru na Cibiyar Aikin Noma na Rasha sun ƙayyade ingancin dankali ta amfani da bincike na tarin fuka, wanda ya haɗa da bincika tubers don kasancewar kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, da na mallakar wani nau'in iri daban-daban.
Hoton ya nuna nazarin tuber na Lady Claire dankali tare da cutar kwari ...
... da bushe bushe akan dankali.
A ranar hawan sabuwar shekara ta bazara, kwararrun Vladimir Rosselkhoztsentr suna tunatar da bukatar canji da iri-iri na sabunta kayan iri.
Canji iri-iri ana buƙatar yanayi na rashin gamsuwa da halaye iri-iri da ake amfani dashi. Misali, zai iya zama mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka, karancin kayan aiki da kuma halayen dandano, da sauransu. Amma idan da yawa sun cika sosai, to yakamata a sabunta shi lokaci-lokaci don guje wa alamu mara kyau da ke tasowa yayin tarawa. Don haka a farkon shekarun namowa, iri-iri suna da iyakar ƙarfin zuriya.
Koyaya, matsalar ƙarancin ƙarancin samfuri na iya tashi har ma da daidaitaccen zaɓi na iri da haifuwa. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci don bincika ƙasa don kasancewar cysts na dankalin dankalin turawa na zinari (lat.Globodera rostochiensis).
A cikin yankin Vladimir, an gano fono na dankalin turawa mai ƙyalli na zinari a cikin gundumomi 12 (Aleksandrovsky, Gus-Khrustalny, Kameshkovsky, Kirzhachsky, Kolchuginsky, Kovrovsky, Melenkovsky, Muromsky, Petushinsky, Sobinsky, Sudogodsky, Suzdalsky, V.) Bisa ga umarnin gwamnan lardin Vladimir an sanya keɓance cikin waɗannan yankuna.
Dankali na duniya shine ɗayan cututtukan cututtuka masu mahimmanci na wannan amfanin gona mai mahimmanci. A waje, alamomin cutar suna bayyana a cikin ragewa a cikin shuka girma riga a farkon matakai na ontogenesis, yellowing na fi tare da bushewa da ƙananan kuma withering na babba ganye, curvature na mai tushe. Tushen cututtukan tsire-tsire masu launin ruwan kasa launin ruwan hoda, ya fi guntu fiye da na al'ada kuma suna da tushen gewaye da yawa. Don haka, shuka tana fama da karancin ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki.
Lokacin bincika filayen, tushen ilimin glauberosis yawanci suna a cikin nau'i ɗaya ko fiye da tabo tare da tsire-tsire masu launin shuɗi. Tare da narkar da shekara-shekara na nau'in dankali mai saurin kamuwa daga farkon kamuwa da cuta har zuwa lokacin gano ɓarkewar ɓarna yana ɗaukar shekaru 5-6.
Tare da haɓaka matakin kamuwa da cuta, amfanin gona dankalin turawa ya ragu, ingancinsa ya ragu (adadinsu da nauyin tubers yana raguwa). Yawan sitaci da adadin bitamin C a cikin tubers an rage shi sosai. Karancin amfanin gona daga cutar dankalin turawa a duniya ya kai kimanin 10%, kuma a cikin cibiyoyin cutar lalacewar noman dankalin turawa ta hanyar nomatode, daga 30 zuwa 60% ko fiye. A cikin irin waɗannan halayen, mamaye bakin dankalin turawa ne yawancin lokuta yana ƙaruwa da aikin kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fungi.
Yaƙi da dankalin turawa nematode ke da wuya matuƙa saboda yanayin daidaitawar yanayin yanayin rayuwa, wato kunkuntar ƙwarewar globera (dan gidan dare), tsawon lokaci (shekaru 10-15) kasancewar saukin kamuwa da ɓacin ran shuka mai shuka.
Juyar da amfanin gona hanya ce mai matukar tasiri don magance nematodes na dankalin turawa. A kan kasa mai ɗauke da cutar, dankali ba su girma ba fiye da shekaru 4-5 ba. Yana da kyau don maye gurbin dankali da albarkatu waɗanda ba su da irin wannan nau'in nematodes (kabeji, Clover, perennial ganye, Dill, letas, Peas, wake, da sauransu).
Ingantaccen namo na farkon iri. A wannan yanayin, asarar amfanin gona yana raguwa, tunda yayin farkon girbi farkon abinci ba shi da lokacin kammala aikinsa da bada zuriya. Namo da nau'in dankalin turawa nematoderesistant na iya rage gurɓataccen ƙasa tare da ƙimar nematode da kashi 85-90%. (Parasitic nematodes na tsirrai da kwari / Edita na M.D. Sonin - M.: Nauka. 2004.)
A halin yanzu, akwai kusan 257 nematodeustivny, wadanda aka zage su a yankin Tsakiya (wanda ya haɗa da nau'in yankin Vladimir) (Rijistar ofasa na nasarorin, an yarda da amfani https://reestr.gossort.com/).
Daga cikinsu, nau'ikan da suka fi fice sune: Openwork, Barin, Breeze, Vectar Belorussky, Fasaha, Vineta, Gala, Impala, Labella, Latona, Lady Claire, Manifesto, Meteor, Ragneda, Red Scarlett, Saturn, Scarb, Luck, Uladar da sauransu.
(Mawallafi: Potapova Irina - jagorar masanin kimiyyar noma na sashen samar da iri, masaniyar hulda da jama'a ta reshen Hukumar Kula da Kasafin Kudi ta Tarayya "Rosselkhoztsentr" a cikin yankin Vladimir).
Karanta cikakke: https://www.agroxxi.ru/zhurnal-agromir-xxi/stati-rastenievodstvo/nazvany-samye-populjarnye-sorta-kartofelja-vo-vladimirskoi-oblasti.html