Kasuwancin samfuran sitaci a yau yana da alƙawarin ba kawai ga ƴan wasan da ke wanzu ba, har ma ga masu saka hannun jari.
A duniya, shekara-shekara amfani da 'yan qasar sitaci an kiyasta a 35 miliyan tons, syrups (ciki har da GFS) - 50 miliyan ton, modified starches - 10 miliyan ton. Abubuwan amfanin gona guda huɗu sun kasance babban tushen hakar sitaci: masara, alkama, rogo da dankali.
Kasuwar Rasha don samfura da yawa kamar sitaci na asali, nau'ikan molasses iri-iri da syrups-fructose suna da tsayi sosai. A cikin 2016 da 2017, samar da kundin sitaci na asali ya kasance kusan tan dubu 230, molasses sitaci - ton dubu 499 da GFS - kusan tan dubu 165.
A lokaci guda, samar da gyare-gyaren sitaci yana karuwa. A cikin 2017, an samar da tan dubu 20,5, kuma a cikin watanni 9 na wannan shekara an riga an sami tan dubu 27. Bugu da kari, tun da Gulkevichsky sitaci shuka fara samar da high quality-maltodextrin ga aikace-aikace da yawa, a nan gaba za mu ga wani kaifi karuwa a cikin wannan nuna alama.
A cikin ƙasashen Tarayyar Turai, babban alkiblar ci gaban masana'antu shine samfuran abinci masu aiki, kore hanyoyin samarwa, ceton makamashi da maido da albarkatun ƙasa. A cikin ƙasashen Gabashin Turai akwai babban sha'awar haɓaka samfuran sitaci da saka hannun jari a sabbin layin samarwa.
Gabaɗaya, ana iya gano ƙarin abubuwan da ke faruwa a ƙasa ta ƙasa. Kasashen Asiya na ci gaba da kara yawan rogo da karfin sarrafawa. Tsayayyen kasuwa, kafaffen kasuwa tare da manyan 'yan wasa ya riga ya samo asali a Arewacin Amurka. A cikin kasashen Latin Amurka, Brazil ce ta fi kowacce kasa girma a yankin. Afirka har yanzu tana samar da kasuwa, amma duk da yawan kasuwancin kasuwanci, haɗarin siyasa a cikin wannan yanki ma yana da yawa.
Alkawari masu albarka
Ana iya samar da samfurori masu yawa daga hatsi. Misali, bayan sarrafa sitaci, ana iya samun kusan sinadaran abinci 70. Kazalika da amino acid da Organic acid, samfuran samfuran: gluten/gluten, samfuran abinci.
Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa an shagaltar da mafi kyawun niches don sarrafa sitaci a Rasha. Kamfanonin ko dai sun riga sun sami nasarar aiki da haɓaka iya aiki, ko kuma ana ba su izini nan gaba kaɗan.
Duk da haka, kada mu manta game da karami, ba kasa alamar kasuwa segments, misali, samar da abinci modified starches E-1412, E-1422 da sauransu. Kasuwar kowane ba ta isa ba, amma an haɗa shi tare yana da ƙarfi da riba. Bugu da ƙari, kwanciyar hankali na kuɗi na kamfani ya dogara ba kawai akan samar da babban samfurin ba, har ma a kan ingancin samfurori.
A lokaci guda kuma, aiwatar da ayyukan don zurfin sarrafa albarkatun noma yana da alaƙa da haɗarin haɗari waɗanda dole ne a sarrafa su. Kamfanonin farawa kada su manta da yin amfani da hanyoyin tallafi na gwamnati da aka gindaya cikin ka'idoji. Alal misali, don shiga cikin gasa a karkashin Dokar Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha No. 1312 - don rama farashin R & D a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin zuba jari mai zurfi.
Har ila yau, zai zama da amfani don zama wani ɓangare na gungu na masana'antu, ko ƙirƙirar gungu kuma shiga cikin gasa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha No. 41 - don rama wani ɓangare na farashi (ciki har da R & D, takaddun shaida, horarwa). ) a cikin tsarin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa tare da mahalarta taron. Ƙirƙirar wurin shakatawa na masana'antu (masana'antu) daidai da Dokar Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha No. 1119 - don rama farashin kayan aiki da sufuri.
Samar da sitacin dankalin turawa
Shugabannin Turai a cikin samar da sitaci dankalin turawa sune Sweden, Netherlands, da Jamus. Ƙarfin aiki na noman dankali da adana dankali a waɗannan ƙasashe yana da yawa, don haka gwamnati na ƙoƙarin tallafawa da ƙarfafa masu noman Turai.
Misali, gonakin dankalin turawa da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar masu hannun jari a masana'antar sarrafa. Wato kamfanoni suna sha'awar siyar da samfuran ƙarshe na sitaci da abubuwan da suka samo asali. Kamfanoni kuma suna da sabis na agronomic na musamman waɗanda ke ba su kayan iri masu inganci don samar da dankali tare da abun ciki na sitaci na aƙalla 20% kuma gabaɗaya suna ba da shawara kan noman su. Bugu da kari, masu sana'ar dankalin turawa suna karbar lamuni don siyan iri, takin zamani da mai da man shafawa, wanda aka kayyade a kwangilar samar da kayayyaki a nan gaba.
Don haka, kamfanoni suna rage farashin noman dankali. Ribar kasuwancin yana da karko, tunda yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da yawa, kuma abun cikin sitaci a cikin dankali ya kai 25%. A lokaci guda, amfani da dankali a kowace ton 1 na sitaci yana raguwa zuwa ton 4,5, kuma takamaiman farashin makamashi don sarrafa shi yana raguwa.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran sitaci na asali, sitaci dankalin turawa yana da ƙananan adadin kuzari da babban abun ciki na ma'adanai. Ƙimar makamashi na 100 g na sitaci dankalin turawa (a cikin kcal / kJ) shine 299/1251 (don kwatanta, sitaci masara shine 329/1377). Ana amfani da sitacin dankalin turawa ne musamman don dalilai na abinci (92,6%), kuma ana siyar da shi a dillali (49,4%). An haɗa sitacin dankalin turawa a cikin kayan tsiran alade (18,2%) da 'ya'yan itace da jelly na Berry (12,3%).
Don dalilai na fasaha, masana'antun takarda (3,7%), masana'antu daban-daban na musamman (1,6%), da kuma samar da dextrin (1%) ba za su iya yin ba tare da sitaci dankalin turawa ba. A cikin masana'antar sinadarai da magunguna, ana amfani da sitaci dankalin turawa a cikin allunan da foda.
Daga cikin manyan masu samar da sitacin dankalin turawa a cikin Tarayyar Turai, ana iya bambanta kamfanoni da yawa. Kungiyar AVEBE Potato Growers Cooperative (1919) ita ce kan gaba a duniya wajen samar da sitaci, tare da siyar da Yuro miliyan 560 da ribar da ta samu na Yuro miliyan 11,8 a shekarar 2014. Haɗin gwiwar masu noman dankalin turawa, KMC KARTOFFELMELCENTRALEN (1933) ta samar da tallace-tallace na Yuro miliyan 127 da ribar da ta kai Yuro miliyan 18,8 a shekarar 2014. Manyan ukun wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa EMSLAND GROUP (1928), wanda shine mafi girman samar da sitaci a Jamus tare da siyar da Yuro miliyan 520 a cikin 2014.
Me ke hana kamfanonin Rasha?
A halin yanzu, masu samar da sitacin dankalin turawa na Rasha suna bayan kamfanonin Turai. Kuma a zahiri akwai isassun dalilai. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙarancin ƙwararrun ma'aikata, ƙarancin kayan aikin samarwa da ake buƙata, ƙarancin kuɗaɗen rance daga cibiyoyin rance, ƙarancin ƙima, sarkar ƙima, ƙarancin tallan tallace-tallace da magudin farashi daga 'yan wasan duniya, haɗarin kasuwanci da ƙari mai yawa. .
Yau, matsakaicin lokacin biya don samarwa a Rasha shine shekaru 10, mafi ƙarancin saka hannun jari a cikin wannan yanayin shine daga 15 biliyan rubles. Abin takaici, mutane kaɗan ne suke shirye su saka irin wannan "kuɗin dogon lokaci" a cikin aikin noma.
Sai dai kuma, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda takunkumi da sauran matsalolin tattalin arziki, kasuwa ta fi mayar da hankali ga masu sana'a na cikin gida. Shin wannan ba dama ce ta tabbatar da kanku ba yayin da kusan babu gasa da zubar da jini daga kamfanonin waje? Lokaci zai nuna yadda kasuwannin cikin gida za su bunkasa, amma bai kamata mutum ya rangwame kyawawan halaye da karuwar yawan kayan aiki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ba.
source: https://agrovesti.net