A ranar 26 ga Oktoba a Moscow, a Higher School of Economics, an gudanar da wani zagaye tebur a kan topic: "Abubuwan da ake sa ran kasuwa na samfuran kariyar shuka da takin mai magani a cikin Tarayyar Rasha" Evgenia Serova, babban mai ba da shawara ga darektan Cibiyar Zuba Jari ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta FAO, farfesa, shugaban sashen tattalin arziki na aikin gona a babbar makarantar tattalin arziki ta jami'ar bincike ta kasa ce ta jagoranci taron. Teburin zagaye ya sami halartar wakilan al'ummar kimiyya da ma'aikata na manyan kamfanonin agrotechnical a kasuwar Rasha. Babban maudu’in taron dai shi ne tattaunawa kan bunkasar albarkatun noma a fannin noma, da kuma bukatuwar bullo da ayyuka na zamani daga ilimomi masu alaka da su don ci gaban wannan fanni.
Nadezhda Orlova, shugaban sashen tattalin arziki na kirkire-kirkire a cikin rukunin masana'antu na Cibiyar Nazarin Agrarian na Babban Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Jami'ar Bincike ta Kasa, ta lura."Ko da a cikin mahallin ci gaba da takunkumi, kasuwar noma ta Rasha tana nuna sakamako mai kyau da ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin fitar da kayayyakin amfanin gona, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga ci gaban fasaha a cikin rukunin masana'antu na Rasha." Babban abin da ke faruwa a aikin noma na zamani shine ci gaba a tsaka-tsakin ɓangaren aikin gona da sauran fannonin fasaha, kamar: ilimin halittar ɗan adam, IT, fasaha na wucin gadi, robotics, da dai sauransu. Amma ana ɗaukar fasahar kere-kere ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawu a yau, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka haɓaka aiki. , inganta rayuwa da juriya ga cututtuka, inganta ingancin samfurori masu girma. "A halin yanzu, samfuran kariyar shukar halittu (BPPPs) sun mamaye kashi 10-12% na babban kasuwar hanyoyin fasahar kere kere a Rasha, duk da haka, dangane da haɓakawa da yuwuwar fitarwa, wannan shine ɗayan mahimman sassan."- in ji Nadezhda Orlova.
A cikin rahotonta na gabatarwa ta yi magana game da rarrabuwa da makasudin samfuran halittu Olga Maksimova, Shugaban Samfuran Halittu da Abincin Shuka a Syngenta"Kamfaninmu ya bambanta nau'ikan samfuran bioproducts guda uku, dangane da manufar amfani da su. Na farko shine biostimulants. Mun haɗa da abinci mai gina jiki na musamman a cikin rukuni na biyu - waɗannan su ne takin mai narkewa da ruwa, micro- da mesoelements. Nau'i na uku shine samfuran sarrafa kwayoyin halitta: biofungicides, bioinsecticides da sauran samfuran da suka dogara da abubuwan halitta waɗanda ke sarrafa damuwa ta ilimin halitta ta nau'in cututtukan amfanin gona daban-daban." A cewar kwararre, samfuran halittu ba za su iya maye gurbin samfuran kariyar shukar sinadarai gaba ɗaya ba: haɗa hanyoyin kariya guda biyu ya zama dole don samun sakamako mai dorewa. Yin amfani da haɗe-haɗe yana taimakawa adana kusan kashi 72% na yuwuwar halittar shukar.
«Babban fasalin hanyoyin kariya na halitta shine cewa suna iya yin tasiri a wuraren da sinadarai ba su da tasiri, - jaddada Pavel Mezentsev, shugaban reshen Moscow na Sibbiopharm. - Misali, kamfaninmu yana da samfur don yaƙar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Saboda haka, yawancin sarrafawa yana faruwa a kusa da jikunan ruwa, inda samfuran halitta suka fi tasiri kuma suna da aminci ga muhalli. Don haka, fasahar kere-kere wata hanya ce ta gaggawa ta warware matsaloli a wasu wuraren da ba a rufe su ta hanyar gargajiya, neman wanda ya zama babban aikin masana ilimin halitta.".
Ci gaba da tattaunawa game da ci gaban ci gaba Vakhtang Javakhia, shugaban kungiyar nazarin halittu na physiologically aiki abubuwa na Federal Research Cibiyar Biotechnology na Rasha Academy of Sciences. Mai magana da yawun ya yi magana dalla-dalla game da aikin da al'ummar kimiyyar Rasha ke aiwatarwa a cikin jagorancin samfuran bioproducts kuma ya lura da mahimman al'amuransu: "A yau muna mai da hankali sosai kan haɓaka samfuran bioproducts, amma muna ganin ci gaban su ba don maye gurbin hanyoyin kariya ba, amma a ƙirƙirar symbiosis a cikin amfani da su. Don haka, ci gaban halittunmu, idan aka yi amfani da su da sinadarai, suna cika su kuma suna ba mu damar rage adadin sinadarai da ake amfani da su, wanda ke ba mu damar yin amfani da hanyoyin kariya na inorganic na ci gaba, amma kuma suna komawa ga tsofaffi da hanyoyin kariya na inorganic, wanda ke raguwa sosai. farashin maganin shuka" Yanzu kayayyakin nazarin halittu na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Rasha sun yi nasarar cin nasarar duk gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma an fara amfani da su a wasu filayen noma. "Yanzu muna da shirye-shiryen gwada nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da nau'ikan tsire-tsire da ƙasa daban-daban, ciki har da a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi wahala, wanda zai iya tabbatar mana da tasirin ba wai kawai magungunan mu ba, har ma da hanyar da aka zaɓa," in ji masanin kimiyyar.
Bayan haka, masanan sun ci gaba da tattaunawa mai zurfi game da matsalolin da suka shafi ƙirƙirar da aiwatar da ma'aikatan kariya na halitta a Rasha. Daya daga cikinsu, a cewar Shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na PA Sibiopharm Alexander Krichevsky, akwai karancin ma'aikata. "Mafi girman fasahar samfuran kariya, mafi girman abubuwan da ake buƙata ga masana aikin gona da ke cikin kariyar shuka. A yau a Rasha horo da kammala karatun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ya ƙare kusan. Horar da ƙwararrun ƙwararru tare da horar da su a cikin manyan kamfanonin noma na ƙasar yana da matuƙar mahimmanci.", in ji Alexander Nikolaevich.
Ya yi magana dalla-dalla game da wannan batu Stanislav Aeynik, shugaban Jami'ar Agrarian na Jihar Belgorod: "Jami'ar yanzu ta mai da hankali kan yin aiki tare da wakilan kasuwanci don fara ci gaban mutum ɗaya da kuma damar ɗalibai don gwada ilimin su a aikace. Hakanan a cikin tsarin Jami'ar akwai sashen auna cibiyar kimiyya da aiki. A cikin wannan cibiya, tsawon shekaru 30, an yi tashoshi daban-daban guda 6, waɗanda ke ba da duk mahimman fasahohin samar da amfanin gona da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin zamani na duniya, waɗanda ke ba mu damar tantance samfuran kariya daga tsirrai na ci gaba, gami da na halittu.".
An yi hasashe matsala mai zuwa Tatyana Shulga, mai sarrafa ci gaba da bincike, Uralchem-Innovations. A cewar mai magana, gabatarwar hanyoyin kariya ta halittu kai tsaye ya dogara da buƙatun mutane. "A cikin duniyar zamani, buƙatun masu amfani da ƙarshen shine ke ƙayyade haɓakar samfuran bioproducts. Yin amfani da BSPPs a cikin kansa ya fi tsada ga kamfanonin noma, don haka amfani da su ya zama sananne a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe inda yawan jama'a ke da buƙatun samfurori tare da alamar da ta dace. Don haka, a yanzu kasuwannin kasashen da ke da ingancin rayuwa sun zama mafi fifikon fifikon fitar da kayayyakin da ake amfani da su"- kara Tatyana Nikolaevna.
Na yarda da ra'ayin wakilin kamfanin Uralchem Alexey Temichev, Mataimakin Darakta na Cibiyar Zabi da Samar da iri na Farko na EkoNiva-Semena LLC. Mai magana ya lura: “Yawancin al'ummar da ke sha'awar cinye kayayyakin da aka kayyade ta halitta suna cikin manyan birane. A cikin kasuwannin cikin gida, ana samar da buƙatun fasahohin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ta hannun jarin aikin gona da ke aiki tare da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa na megacities, birane-da miliyoyi ko haɓaka birane.".
Na kuma goyi bayan abubuwan Tatyana Shulga akan fitar da kaya zuwa kasashen waje Daraktan NVP "BashInkom" Vyacheslav Kuznetsov. A cewarsa, kamfanin yanzu ya mai da hankali kan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen CIS, saboda a can ne ake samun matsaloli na musamman da ke buƙatar haɓaka nau'ikan kariyar mutum, wanda ke haifar da buɗe ido ga masu kera samfuran kariya na halitta kuma suna ba da izinin rayayye. ci gaba ba kawai a kasuwannin kasashen da ake shigo da su ba, har ma a cikin Rasha.
"Don haɓakawa da aiwatar da aiwatar da ayyukan bioproducts, ana buƙatar yanayin da ya dace wanda zai taimaka ci gaban wannan yanki," in ji shi. Alexander Kerzhner, Mataimakin Babban Darakta na Ci gaba, Agroferment. - Don ƙirƙirar waɗannan yanayi, tallafi daga jihar ya zama dole. Da farko, ana iya yin hakan tare da taimakon kayan aikin samar da buƙatun gwamnati. Abu na biyu, ci gaban wannan fannin na tsaro yana buƙatar tallafin kuɗi ta hanyar bayar da tallafi don aikin bincike.”
An kuma tabo batun rashin tallafin raya kasa Alexei Temichev. Ya yi nuni da cewa, a yau tallafin da ake bayarwa a fannin fasahar kere-kere a fannin noma ya yi daidai da na kowane fannin noma, wanda hakan ke kawo koma baya ga ci gaban wannan fanni.
A yayin tattaunawar, masu jawabai sun cimma matsaya ta gaba daya cewa, duk da cewa akwai matsaloli da dama na tsarin da ke kawo cikas ga ci gaban da ake samu ta hanyar samar da kayayyaki, har yanzu wannan yanki na daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko da kuma yin alkawarin ci gaba da bunkasa masana'antun noma. . Don cimma sakamako mafi girma, a koyaushe musayar mafi kyawun ayyuka tsakanin al'ummar kimiyya da wakilan kasuwanci ya zama dole.