DAGA DANKUNA, KAMAR YADDA JARUMAR JARUMAR FIM DIN SOVIET SUKA YI LISSAFI, ZAKA IYA SHIRYA FIYE DA GUDA GOMA. KUMA HUKUNCE-HUKUNCEN SAMUN SANA’ANSA SUMA KAWAI NE. A GUDA DAYA SAMUN WASU KYAUTA A SHEKARU YAN UWA YANA K'ARUWA, KUMA SAMUN SAURAN YANA TSAYA A MATAKI DAYA, DUK DA SAMUN BUQATA.
ABIN DA NASARAR SAMUN KASUWA YA DOGARA A KAN, WANNE MATSALOLIN DA MASU HANA AKE FUSKANTA, SHUGABAN KASASHEN PROFILE ENTERPRISES DA WAKILI NA KUNGIYOYIN SANA'A, SUNA SHIGA CIKIN KUNGIYAR KUNGIYAR KUNGIYAR Dankali, DUNIYA.
STARCH. GIRMA NA BUKATAR KYAUTA DAN KYAUTA
Sitacin dankalin turawa wani samfur ne da Rasha ke samarwa shekaru da yawa a cikin ƙananan adadi fiye da yadda take cinyewa. A cewar kungiyar Soyuzkrakhmal na masana'antun sarrafa hatsi mai zurfi, tsire-tsire na cikin gida suna samar da kusan tan dubu 11 na sitaci a duk shekara, yayin da kasuwar cikin gida ke kusan tan dubu 30-32.
Da yake bayyana halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu, shugaban kungiyar Oleg Radin, ya bayyana cewa a halin yanzu akwai wasu kananan kamfanoni don samar da sitaci dankalin turawa a Rasha, ciki har da: Chuvashienkrakhmal LLC; Mglinsky Starch Plant LLC, Poretsky Starch OJSC, Syryatinsky Starch Plant LLC, SPPK Udacha, Pleshcheevsky Starch Shuka JSC, Sitaci Products JSC (Shablykinsky Starch Shuka).
Babban matsalar da ke hana ci gaban su ita ce rashin samun ribar albarkatun kasa a kasar. Kamar yadda Oleg Radin ya lura, ana tilasta wa kamfanonin Rasha su samar da sitaci daga samfuran da manoma ba za su iya sayar da su ba (a zahiri, daga sharar gida). A matsakaita, ana sarrafa ton goma na dankalin tebur zuwa ton ɗaya na sitaci.
Darektan Cibiyar Bincike ta Duk-Russian Bincike na Sitaci da Sarrafa Kayan Tauraro Mai Dauke da Raw Materials, reshe na Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kasafin Kuɗi ta Jihar Tarayya “Cibiyar Bincike ta Tarayya don Dankali mai suna bayan A.I. A.G. Lorch "Vasily Byzov. A lokaci guda, a cewar ƙwararrun, akwai shekaru da kamfanoni ke fuskantar ƙarancin samfuran wannan matakin (misali mai haske: lokacin 21/22). Bugu da ƙari, masu sarrafawa suna haifar da tsada mai yawa don siyan albarkatun ƙasa, wanda ke shafar ribar samarwa. Matsakaicin farashin noman dankalin Rasha, a cewar masanin, ya kai kashi 22% sama da na kasashen EU.
"An tabbatar da ingancin fasahar sarrafa dankalin turawa don sitaci yayin amfani da tubers tare da abun ciki na sitaci na akalla 19% (a wannan yanayin, ba a buƙatar fiye da ton biyar na albarkatun kasa don samar da tan ɗaya na sitaci). - ya bayyana Vasily Byzov, - kuma masana'antar sarrafa ya kamata a kasance a kusa da tushen albarkatun kasa, bisa ga lissafinmu, a cikin kilomita 50."
Masana sun yarda cewa ya zama dole a kafa samar da nau'in dankalin turawa na fasaha a cikin kasar, kodayake wannan ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba. Akwai batutuwa da yawa da ba a warware su ba, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine rashin nau'in nau'in Rasha tare da babban abun ciki na sitaci, masu shayarwa da masu shuka iri har yanzu suna aiki don magance wannan matsala.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a tada sha'awar masu sana'ar dankalin turawa na noman albarkatun kasa masu inganci don sarrafawa.
“A kasashen Turai, saboda yawan aiki na noma da adana bututun dankalin turawa, an kafa ka’idoji masu zuwa don karfafa samar da sitacin dankalin turawa., - Vasily Byzov yana raba bayanai, - masu samar da dankalin turawa (manoma, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar) masu hannun jari ne na masana'antar sarrafawa kuma suna sha'awar siyar da samfurin ƙarshe - sitaci da abubuwan da suka samo asali; kamfanoni sun shirya ayyukan noma waɗanda ke ba masu samarwa kayan iri da shawarwarin noman sa. Ana samun ribar samar da sitaci ta hanyar rage farashin noman dankali tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa da abun ciki mai yawa. A lokaci guda, ana rage yawan amfani da dankali a kowace ton 1 na sitaci zuwa ton 4,5, sabili da haka, takamaiman farashin makamashi don sarrafa shi yana raguwa.”
A cikin Rasha, akwai misalan lokacin da masu samar da noma suka girma nau'ikan dankalin turawa ta hanyar sitaci shuka, amma ya zuwa yanzu muna magana ne game da ƙaramin adadin. Ana iya canza halin da ake ciki ta bayyanar babban na'ura mai sarrafawa a kasuwa.
«Aƙalla babban kamfani na zamani don zurfin sarrafa dankali a Rasha yana buƙata, - in ji Oleg Radin, - dole ne ta sarrafa kusan ton dubu 100-120 na dankalin masana'antu, ta sami sitaci mai inganci, ta maye gurbin shigo da kayayyaki, da yuwuwar a aika da kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje."
Kaddamar da wani sabon kamfani kuma zai iya magance matsalar samar da sitaci da ake buƙata sosai. “Ana shigo da ɗimbin gyare-gyaren abinci cikin Rasha kowace shekara, wanda darajarsa ta haura dala miliyan 100, - ya bayyana shugaban kungiyar "Soyuzkrakhmal", - Tun da farko samfuran manyan masana'antun Turai ne, yanzu kasuwa ta fara sake fasalin zuwa China, Vietnam, Thailand. A Rasha, ana samar da gyare-gyaren abinci ta hanyar kamfanoni biyu kawai, kuma wannan shine kawai 20 ton na ton dubu 94 da masana'antunmu ke buƙata. Akwai bukatar wadannan kayayyakin, amma ana bukatar danyen kayan don samarwa, kuma wadannan ko dai nau’in masara ne da ba mu da su, ko kuma nau’in dankalin turawa na fasaha.”
SOYAYYAR FARANSA. SHIRIN FITOWA
Sama da shekaru shida na aiki, babban kamfanin kera daskararre na Faransa a Rasha, Vee Fry LLC, ya sami gogewa sosai wajen samar da albarkatun kasa don sarrafawa.
Muna Fray
Kamfanin yana cikin yankin Lipetsk. Yawan aiki - 240 dubu ton na dankali a kowace shekara. Yana samar da soyayyen Faransa miliyan 3,5 kowace rana.
A shekarar da ta gabata, an noma danyen kayan shuka a kan fadin hekta dubu 7, a cikin sabuwar shekara adadin ya karu da wani kadada dubu biyu.
«Muna aiki tare da manoma a ƙarƙashin kwangila biyu, - ya bayyana ci gaban darektan na sha'anin Sergey Marchenko, - da farko mukan sayar wa manoma
Abun halitta na ƙwararrun iri (kashi 85% na yana da endovatat), bisa ga na biyu - muna siyan gaba ɗaya daga ƙayyadadden farashi a ƙayyadadden farashi. Manoma suna biyan tsaba bayan girbi.
Kamfanin ya yi nasarar samun gagarumar nasara a fannin samar da iri. "A farkon aikin, mun shigo da dubban ton na iri daga kasashen waje, - ya tuna Sergey Marchenko, a wannan shekara sun sayi ton 100 kawai, sannan muna magana ne kawai game da sababbin iri. Burin mu - cikakken localize waɗanda daga cikin su da za su kasance sha'awar a gare mu".
Har ila yau, kamfanin yana shirye don yin aiki tare da nau'in Rasha waɗanda ke da kaddarorin da suka dace. Sharadi kawai shine samar da rukunin gwaji. "Muna ɗaukar kilogiram 30, soya, kimanta sakamakon, - sharhin Daraktan Ci gaban Vee Fry LLC, - idan kuna son komai, dankali ba
ya zama baki, muna tuƙi tare da layin gaba ɗaya (wannan yana buƙatar ton 40 riga). Muna samun samfur mai kyau, za mu iya ci gaba da aiki".
Da yake tsokaci game da abubuwan da za a iya samar da fries na Faransa daskararre, Sergey Marchenko ya jaddada cewa akwai bukatar a kasuwa don ƙara yawan yawan amfani da samfur. Don haka, sabbin sarƙoƙin abinci na Rasha sun sanar da ƙaddamar da gidajen abinci 70-100 a shekara. A cikin martani, kamfanin yana shirye-shiryen sanya layin samarwa na biyu cikin aiki. Amma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana kuma sa ran Rasha za ta bude wasu sabbin kamfanoni na wannan bayanin lokaci guda, wanda ke haifar da barazanar wuce gona da iri.
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Masu sarrafawa yanzu suna buƙatar yin tunani game da fitar da kaya zuwa waje. "Abubuwan tallace-tallace - matsala ce a fadin kasar, - Sergey Marchenko ya gamsu, - don kada masu noman dankalin turawa su sha wahala, ya zama dole a tuntubi yanayin da ke tabbatar da yiwuwar isar da kayayyaki zuwa kasuwannin waje. Muna sa ran taimakon jihar kan wadannan al’amura”.
KUNGIYAR DANKARANTA. AIKI A KASUWA MAI WUYA
Haka kuma masu samar da dankalin turawa suna danganta makomar sashinsu tare da haɓaka damar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare.
A cewar Alexandra Ponomarenko, Babban Darakta na Maxim Gorky Plus LLC, an samar da kasuwar cikin gida da irin wannan samfurin a cikin 2019. Kamfanonin sarrafawa sun yi ƙoƙari su nemo masu sayayya a ƙasashen waje, kodayake hakan ya kasance yana da wahala a koyaushe.
LLC "Maxim Gorky Plus"
Matsakaicin ƙarfin shekara-shekara na kamfani a halin yanzu shine ton dubu 29 na samfuran da aka gama. Yana sarrafa har zuwa ton dubu 200 na dankali a kowace kakar. Ya mamaye kashi 50% na kasuwar cikin gida. Ƙarfin samarwa yana ba da damar rufe har zuwa 80% na duk kasuwar hatsi.
«Abokan ciniki na waje suna da hankali sosai game da samfuran Rasha, kuma muna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari sosai don samun ƙayyadaddun da ake buƙata, amincewarsa, gwaji., - Alexander Ponomarenko ya raba kwarewarsa, - daga lokacin da ka fara hulɗa da abokin ciniki har sai an sauke akwati na farko, yana iya ɗaukar shekara guda."
A shekarar 2021, masu kera dankalin turawa sun tilastawa rage yawan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa mafi karanci, wannan ya faru ne saboda raguwar samar da albarkatun kasa da kuma hauhawar farashinsa. "A cikin lokacin 21/22, farashin dankalin da aka siya ya zarce matsakaicin matakin farashin shekara-shekara da sau huɗu, tare da gibin gabaɗaya da ƙarancin amfani ga masu sarrafawa, - in ji babban darektan Maxim Gorky Plus LLC, - wannan ya haifar da karuwar farashin dankalin turawa a Rasha zuwa 180 rubles / kg ba tare da VAT ba kuma, a sakamakon haka, raguwar buƙatun samfuran.".
A farkon 2022, samfuran kasashen waje sun mamaye kasuwar Rasha. "A cikin farkon watanni shida na 2022, kamfanonin Turai sun shigo cikin yankin
Rasha akalla ton dubu 5 na dankalin turawa flakes (wanda ya fi girma fiye da daidaitattun jimlar shekara-shekara)- ci gaba Alexandra Ponomarenko, - matsakaicin farashin abin da aka shigo da shi ya kasance kusan 115 rubles / kg ba tare da VAT ba. Irin wannan raguwar ya kuma shafi canjin kuɗi (daga 87 rubles zuwa 62 rubles da 1 Yuro a cikin lokacin da ake bita). A lokaci guda, farashin hatsin gida ya kai 200 rubles / kg, kuma masu kera gida sun sami matsala mai mahimmanci wajen siyar da samfuran su.".
Sakamakon wannan lokacin suna jin ta hanyar furodusoshi bayan shekara guda. A cewar mai magana, har yanzu kamfanin bai sami damar komawa zuwa yanayin girma ba
cinyewa a cikin ƙasar, da kuma hannun jari na kayayyakin da aka yi daga albarkatun ƙasa masu tsada ya kasance a cikin ɗakunan ajiya. Kamfanin yana bin manufar mai aiki na sauya shigo da kaya, yana ƙoƙarin daidaitawa tsakanin kiyaye farashi mai karɓuwa da samfuran inganci.
“A yau, sabbin ‘yan wasa na ci gaba da shiga kasuwa, saboda matsalar sake yin amfani da su na da matukar muhimmanci, - taƙaitaccen Alexandra Ponomarenko, - amma tunanin cewa ana iya amfani da dankali don samar da hatsi, wanda ke da tausayi a zubar, ya riga ya tsufa. Wannan sana’a ce mai sarkakiya, muna fama da matsalar sayar da kayayyaki, muna neman hanyoyin da za a bi wajen daidaita fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen ketare, amma har ya zuwa yanzu dole mu fuskanci matsaloli da kanmu.".
DANKUNAN KWANA (CHIPS). SAURARA A FILIN
Babban Daraktan Ozery JSC Sergey Pryamov ya fara jawabinsa da hujja mai ban sha'awa: a kowace shekara kamfanoni na yankin Moscow suna aiwatar da ton dubu 471 na albarkatun kasa zuwa dankalin turawa. Daga cikin wannan ƙarar, ton dubu 25 ne kawai ake noma a yankin (5,3% na buƙatun!), Sauran ana shigo da su daga waje. Wataƙila, ga wasu manoma na yankin Moscow, wannan zai zama dalili na tunani.
JSC "Ozyory"
Mafi yawan masu samar da dankali da kayan lambu a yankin Moscow. Yana da layi don samar da dankali mai laushi, yana samar da samfurori a ƙarƙashin
TM "Barin".
Da yake gabatar da hangen nesansa game da abubuwan da suka shafi bunkasa fannin sarrafa dankalin turawa, Sergey Pryamov ya lura cewa nan gaba kadan manyan kamfanonin sarrafa dankali za su yi asara ga kananan masana'antu.
"Muna tsammanin cewa masana'antar dankalin turawa za ta bunkasa ta hanyar yaduwar sabbin fasahohi, - Sergey Pryamov ya bayyana, - Yanzu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan frying na Sinawa da na Turkiyya da yawa a kasuwa, kuma kowane kasuwancin dankalin turawa na iya siyan layin kanana da kuma samar da ciyawar gida ba tare da barin filin ba."
A cewar masanin, sarrafa injin yana ba da dama don rage yawan zafin jiki da lokacin soya, rage yawan amfani da mai, fadada nau'in nau'in nau'i (ta hanyar dandano), wato, yana ba ku damar samun samfurin mai ban sha'awa mai inganci tare da riba mai kyau. .