A cikin yanayi biyun da suka gabata, farashin dankalin tebur a Rasha ya kasance a matakin ƙasa kaɗan. Me ya kamata manoman dankalin turawa su yi a wannan yanayin? Nemo damar samun karɓuwa mai ƙarfi.
"A matsayina na manajan gona, ina da aikin ƙaddamar da kwangilar samar da 90, ko mafi kyau duk da haka 99% na yawan girbi na gaba, kafin fara aikin filin bazara," in ji Dmitry Kabanov, darektan kamfanin. AgroAlliance-NN LLC. "Ba wata sana'a ɗaya a yau da za ta iya ba ku damar haɓaka samfuran ba tare da garantin dawowa kan saka hannun jari ba, "kawai don sa'a."
A cikin 2023, kamfanin ya gwada hannunsa wajen samar da dankali don sarrafawa, wanda babban kamfanin kera guntu a Rasha, Frito Lay Manufacturing LLC ya ba da izini. Aikin ya zama gwaji ga dukkan bangarorin: har zuwa wannan lokacin, gonar ba ta da kwarewa wajen yin aiki tare da nau'in guntu, kuma masana'antar sarrafa ba ta da masu samar da albarkatun kasa a yankin Nizhny Novgorod.
Har ila yau, gwajin ya sami goyan bayan kamfanin girma iri NORIKA-SLAVIA, mai ƙera kayan kariya na shuka LLC Firm "Agusta", mai ba da ingantaccen maganin noma LLC "Metos", mai ba da kayan aiki don girma da girbi dankali LLC Kamfanin "Agrotrade". "da kuma mai samar da kayan aikin ban ruwa LLC "mai yiwuwa". Mujallarmu ta riga ta yi magana game da matakan ci gaban wannan kwarewa a baya ("Tsarin dankalin turawa" No. 2 da 3, 2023). Lokacin kaka shine lokacin yin lissafi.
Bari mu tuna cewa gwajin mãkirci na girma iri don aiki shagaltar kawai shida hectares. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan guda shida: uku (Bonus, Kibitz da Pirol) NORIKA ne ya zaɓa, uku (BP 808, Newton, Lady Claire) kamfanin sarrafa ya samar.
Yanayin yanayi a yankin Perevozsky, inda gonakin gona yake, sun kasance masu kyau don samun girbi mai kyau. Shugaban kungiyar AgroAlliance-NN ya ce: “Lokacin ba shi da kyau, amma ba a sami babbar matsala ba.” Muna noman dankali a karkashin ban ruwa kuma muna shawo kan fari. An kuma kaucewa ambaliya. Nisan kilomita 100 daga gare mu, filayen sun yi ambaliya, amma abubuwan da ke kewaye sun wuce mu. Amma lamarin da kansa ya sa mu yi tunani game da bukatar yin aiki da garma na chisel duk bayan shekaru uku zuwa hudu don inganta yanayin tace kasa.”
Abokan hulɗarmu sun taimaka sosai wajen yin aikin. "Na ji daɗin cewa kowane mako biyu a lokacin kakar, wakilin abokin ciniki ya zo wurinmu, kuma tare da mu muna zagayawa cikin filaye, muna ba da hanyar samun sakamako mai kyau. Mun kalli yadda tsire-tsire suka girma, yadda girbi ya yi girma, "in ji Dmitry Kabanov. “Mai ba da shawararmu ya kula da dozin da yawa daga cikin masu noma iri ɗaya, ya san da kyau game da nau'ikan nau'ikan shuka a yanayi daban-daban - akan yashi ko a cikin ƙasa baki, a lokacin zafi ko lokacin damina - kuma da yardar rai ya raba mana wannan bayanin. Al'ada ce mai matukar amfani."
A karshen watan Yuli, gonar ta sami bayanin cewa shukar za ta karɓi dukan adadin albarkatun da ta girma nan da nan "daga filin." Dangane da shawarar mai sarrafa aikin noma na abokin ciniki, gonar ta aiwatar da ƙarin ban ruwa da yawa (15-20 mm kowannensu), wanda ya ba da gudummawar haɓakar juzu'in tuber. Don adana saman na dogon lokaci, wakilin Kamfanin na Agusta ya ƙara wani maganin fungicidal zuwa tsarin kariya.
An gudanar da tsaftacewa a farkon watan Satumba, a kusan yanayin yanayi mai kyau. Alamun yawan aiki, dangane da iri-iri, sun kasance daga 30 zuwa 52 t/ha.
An aika da dankalin turawa zuwa shuka kai tsaye daga filin, ton 60 a kowace rana. An aika jimlar tan 240 don sarrafawa. "Mun yi nasarar girbi da jigilar dankali tare da mafi ƙarancin lalacewa, saboda wannan mun sami farashi mai ƙima na dukkanin nau'ikan guda shida," in ji shugaban gonar.
Sakamakon ya kasance mai kyau, kodayake daga ra'ayi na Dmitry Kabanov, fasahar har yanzu yana buƙatar aiki mai tsanani. “Ga kowane furodusa, har ma da gogaggen gwani, sabon iri shine matakin farko na ilimi. Har sai kun gwada shi a aikace, ba za ku fahimci yadda ake samun sakamako mafi girma ba, "in ji masanin ya bayyana ra'ayinsa. - Kuna buƙatar fahimtar yawancin tubers don shuka a kowace hectare, a wane zurfin, yadda za a daidaita watering. Duk waɗannan nuances za su ɗauki shekara ɗaya ko biyu, sannan kawai za mu iya tsammanin cewa tare da taimakon ku iri-iri za su iya nuna cikakkiyar damar da mai kiwo ya shimfida. "
A shekara mai zuwa, AgroAlliance-NN LLC na shirin ware kadada 47 don noman albarkatun kasa don samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Wannan yanki na VR-808 iri-iri ne zai mamaye shi, wanda yanayin noma ya zama mafi dacewa. A sa'i daya kuma, gonar za ta ci gaba da bunkasa samar da iri, wanda ya kasance babbar sana'arsa.
Mai yuwuwa, gonar tana shirin sanya wani ɓangare na dankalin da aka samar don sarrafa su zuwa ajiya, kuma wannan babban aiki ne. “Ajiye guntun dankalin turawa wani labari ne daban; samfuran za su buƙaci a bi da su tare da masu hana haɓaka. Irin wannan dankalin turawa ba zai kasance a cikin daki ɗaya da dankalin iri ba, wanda ke nufin za a buƙaci wani wurin ajiya,” in ji manajan gonar, amma yana da tabbacin cewa jarin ya dace, tun da ɗanyen da ke isa shukar a lokacin sanyi da bazara. karba a farashi mafi girma.
"Samar da dankalin turawa don sarrafawa shine kwanciyar hankali, wanda ke da rashi sosai a kasuwa a yau," in ji Dmitry Kabanov. - Kuma ina fata masu samar da aikin gona su sami kwanciyar hankali: yin aiki akan takamaiman umarni tare da farashi mai fahimta, akan sharuddan da suka dace. Yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa kayayyakin da manoma ke samu da irin wannan wahala ana bukatar su, kuma masu samar da su su sami kudi mai kyau da kuma bunkasa da wadannan kudade."
Alexey Radkov, manajan aikin gona, Frito Lay Manufacturing LLC
- An kammala aikin noman dankalin turawa a cikin yankin Nizhny Novgorod bisa tushen gonar AgroAlliance-NN a cikin 2023.
Fasahar noman dankalin turawa ta ƙunshi yin jimillar ayyuka, da suka haɗa da shirye-shiryen ƙasa, hadi, dasa shuki, shayarwa, aikace-aikacen kariyar shuka, da girbi. Idan an bi duk waɗannan matakan, matsakaicin yawan amfanin dankalin turawa lokacin da aka aika daga filin don kowane nau'in aikin shine t/ha 41,6, kuma matsakaicin shine t/ha 52. Waɗannan alkalumman sun fi matsakaicin girma na ƙasa tsakanin masu samar da guntun dankalin turawa.
Matsakaicin ingancin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da aka samu ta hanyar sarrafa duk nau'ikan ya kasance sama da matsakaicin Rasha kuma ya kai 4,2%.
A taƙaice, zamu iya cewa da tabbaci cewa yankin Nizhny Novgorod yana da kyau don shuka dankali don sarrafa cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Kuna buƙatar bin duk ƙa'idodin aiki. Tsare-tsare na 2024 sun haɗa da haɓaka yankin shuka da jigilar dankali daga filin da kuma bayan ajiya.
Ina so in lura cewa shuka yana gayyatar sauran masu samar da dankalin turawa daga yankin Nizhny Novgorod da sauran yankuna na Rasha don yin aiki tare. Abubuwan buƙatun don ingancin samfur suna da girma, amma mai yuwuwa.
Kamfanin ya yarda da dankali na musamman iri tare da kwastomomi daga 40 zuwa 90 mm, ba tare da lalacewa ta hanzari ba, kore, a cikin wani tsari.
Samar da kayan da aka wanke yana da amfani, da farko, ga mai samar da noma da kansa: dankali mai datti yana da wuyar warwarewa, amma idan ƙasa ta wanke, matsala tubers ya zama sananne, suna da sauƙin ƙin yarda da mikawa ga sarrafa albarkatun kasa na mafi girman nau'in, wanda ake biyan kari.
Ana ba da samfuran ga shuka a duk shekara, kuma kowane lokaci yana da nasa farashin. Ana yin ajiyar dankalin turawa a karkashin kulawar kwararrun mu.
Kamfanin ya himmatu wajen samar da haɗin gwiwa mai amfani na dogon lokaci tare da masu samar da albarkatun ƙasa bisa sharuɗɗa masu fa'ida ga kowane ɓangare!
Alexander Sukhov, shugaban sashen agronomic na NORIKA-SLAVIA LLC
- Kamfaninmu ya shiga cikin aikin ta hanyar samar da kayan iri na nau'ikan NORIKA guda uku da ake amfani da su don sarrafa su zuwa chips: BONUS, KIBITS da PIROLE.
An san su a kasuwannin gida, an gwada su a yankuna daban-daban na kasar, suna nuna kyakkyawan aiki, ciki har da a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na Arewa maso yammacin Rasha da Siberiya (an yi amfani da dankalin turawa na wadannan nau'in don samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta a kamfanoni a cikin wadannan). yankuna). Ya kasance mai ban sha'awa don ganin yadda za su nuna halayen su a cikin yankin Nizhny Novgorod, suna fafatawa da nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa don sarrafawa daga sauran masu shayarwa.
A ra'ayi na, gwajin ya yi nasara, ko da nau'in mu ba su zama jagororin samar da amfanin gona ba. Bayan haka, yawan amfanin ƙasa ma'auni ɗaya ne na ƙima, na tabbata duk masu noman dankalin turawa sun fahimci wannan da kyau; ba daidai ba ne cewa gonaki yawanci suna da nau'ikan iri iri-iri a cikin layin su. Ga masu sarrafawa, yana da mahimmanci ba kawai yawan girbi ba, har ma da yiwuwar sarrafa shi zuwa kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu inganci, watau. Abubuwan busassun abu, rage sukari da sauran alamun inganci.
Nau'in KIBITS, alal misali, yana da kwanciyar hankali mai ban mamaki a cikin sukari a duk tsawon lokacin ajiya; tubers sun dace da sarrafa "ba tare da asarar ingancin samfur ba" har zuwa bazara mai zuwa.
Ina tsammanin zai zama da amfani sosai don gwada kowane nau'in ta hanyar soya a lokuta daban-daban: ba kawai nan da nan bayan girbi ba, amma har tsawon lokaci, a lokuta daban-daban na ajiyar dankalin turawa. Wannan zai ba da damar samun mafi kyawun halaye na kowane “batun gwaji”, kuma ga wasu, yana iya taimakawa wajen samar da isassun iri. Amma wannan shine fata na gaba; tsarin na yanzu bai samar da irin wannan aikin ba.
Zan iya cewa babban sakamakon wannan aikin shine gaskiyar cewa gonar ta sami girbi mai kyau, wanda ya sami babban yabo daga abokin ciniki.
Yana yiwuwa, dangane da wannan sakamakon, sauran masana'antu a yankin za su zabi wani alƙawari mai kyau don samar da dankali don sarrafawa.
Za mu yi farin cikin ba da shawara ga duk wanda ke son fara aiki da nau'ikan mu.
Dmitry Dergunov, manajan-fasaha na JSC Firm "Agusta"
- Kwararrun mu sun haɓaka tsarin kariya mai mahimmanci don wannan aikin ta amfani da samfurori daga kamfanin Agusta. Lokacin da muke tunani ta hanyar dabarun kariya, mun yi la'akari da manyan matsalolin da masu shuka dankalin turawa a tsakiyar Rasha sukan fuskanta, kuma ba shakka, la'akari da halaye na nau'in da aka girma (musamman, sanin cewa nau'in guntu suna kula da sakamakon da aka samu. metribuzin, mun haɗa a cikin makircin Kamelot herbicide, wanda yana da wani abu mai aiki daban-daban).
Shirin ya tanadi magunguna 12 (ciki har da maganin tubers tare da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta kafin dasa shuki), a zahiri an aiwatar da 11 (karin ƙarin magani tare da maganin fungicides, tunda an saita aikin don adana saman na tsawon lokaci, yayin da gonakin noma). watsi biyu jiyya tare da desiccants).
A lokacin kakar, ba mu rubuta wani matsala mai tsanani (alamomin cututtuka, kasancewar kwari) a cikin filayen gwaji; gonakin ya sami girbi mai kyau na samfurori masu kyau. Lokaci na gaba, muna ba da shawarar cewa kamfani ya dogara da wannan makirci (tare da ƙaramin gyare-gyare na ƙwararru).
Dmitry Nikiforov, Babban Daraktan Metos LLC
– Kamfanin Metos ya shiga aikin ne ta hanyar samar da gonakin AgroAlliance-NN tare da saitin tashoshin yanayi don lura da ma’aunin ruwa da danshin da ake samu a cikin kasa.
Abin baƙin cikin shine, an gayyace mu da mu shiga cikin latti; an shigar da tashar yanayi a gonar a ranar 27 ga Yuli kawai, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan aiki daga Mayu. Dama da yawa (alal misali, wajen ƙididdige aikace-aikacen takin gargajiya daidai, yanayin yin amfani da samfuran kariyar shuka, ƙayyadaddun yanayin da ya dace da faruwar cututtuka) an rasa.
Duk da haka, mun sami nasarar kammala wasu ayyukan sa ido.
Gabaɗaya, ina tsammanin cewa irin waɗannan ayyukan suna da matukar muhimmanci. Kamfanoni da ke ba da ayyuka daban-daban a cikin kasuwar noma suna buƙatar matsawa zuwa haɗa ƙoƙarin. Tare za mu iya nuna a fili yadda fasahohin zamani tare da tsarin yanayin yanayin ke ba da damar gonaki don cimma tabbataccen sakamako na tattalin arziki.