Samar da kayayyakin dankalin turawa na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke magance matsalar cikkaken wadatar da jama'a da abinci, don haka ba wani kwai ba ne a ce a yawancin kasashen da suka ci gaba na duniya ana samun raguwar cin dankali da karuwa. a cikin cin abincin da aka sarrafa.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, dankalin turawa kiwo da aka za'ayi tare da musamman da hankali ga irin bukatun kamar yadda ake nufi da amfani da amfanin gona, inganta inganci da nazarin halittu darajar tubers, la'akari da al'amurra na masana'antu sarrafa a cikin hadaddun na dankalin turawa kayayyakin, daga cikinsu akwai. kintsattse dankali ya mamaye matsayi na gaba wajen samar da girma. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya, ana yin la'akari da yanayin haɓakar samar da dankalin turawa da aka shirya a kamfanoni na musamman. Dangane da haka, ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan da nau'ikan dankalin da suka dace da sarrafa masana'antu wani yanki ne mai mahimmanci na binciken kimiyya.
Iri-iri shine mafi mahimmancin al'amari don haɓaka yawan aiki da kuma babban ɓangarorin sabbin fasahohi a cikin noman dankalin turawa. Ba wai kawai mafi mahimmancin tattalin arziki da kaddarorin mabukaci na samfurin sun dogara da kayan tushe ba, har ma da jagorancin amfani da tallan kayan amfanin gona. Kowane lokaci a cikin ci gaban masana'antu yana buƙatar isassun dabarun zaɓin zaɓi.
Ayyukan kiwo na duniya ya nuna cewa, ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa tare da babban damar daidaitawa yana samar da ci gaba na gaske wajen haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin samfur wajen canza yanayin girmar yanayi tare da rage nauyin magungunan kashe qwari da inganta yanayin yanayin muhalli.
Dangane da haka, haɓakar haɓakawa da tallata nau'ikan kiwo na cikin gida masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda ba su yi ƙasa da mafi kyawun kwatancen ƙasashen waje ba, shine muhimmin kashi na sabbin fasahar samar da dankalin turawa. Koyaya, haɓaka sabbin nasarorin kiwo da aka haɗa a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Tarayyar Rasha ana aiwatar da shi cikin sauri sosai, duk da cewa yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi na yankuna da yawa na ƙasarmu suna ba mu damar yin la'akari da su azaman alƙawarin shiryawa. samar da dankalin iri. A saboda wannan dalili, manyan masu samar da kayayyaki suna ci gaba da siyan babban adadin kayan kasashen waje na nau'ikan kasashen waje, da farko daga Turai kiwo ta Turai, don ƙarin haifuwarsu a Rasha. Cin galaba a kan ribar da ake samu a cikin rabon nau'in dankalin turawa na gida da kuma dogaro da shigo da iri yana yiwuwa idan gogayya na sabbin nau'ikan da aka ƙirƙira ya ƙaru kuma samar da ingantaccen iri ya ƙaru.
Tare da ci gaban aiki masana'antu, matsala ta tashi a cikin rashin albarkatun ƙasa tare da mahimman kayan aiki - akwai wasu iri na musamman, kuma waɗanda suka bada shawarar samar da abinci ba a isasshen nazari ba. Yankin girma kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan, alal misali, ingancin dankalin turawa. Har zuwa mafi girma, halayen tattalin arziki masu mahimmanci na dankali sun dogara da yanayin lokacin girma.
Abubuwan buƙatun ingancin tubers don sarrafawa sun bambanta bisa ga samfurin da aka yi niyya. Babban mahimmanci sune alamun anatomical, morphological, biochemical, da alamomin organoleptic. Saboda haka, ci gaban iri na musamman iri waɗanda suka fi dacewa don ƙirƙirar Semi-da ƙofofin da-cin abinci, da kuma don amfani don dalilai na fasaha, ya dace.
Lokacin da ake yin kiwo na musamman don sarrafa samfuran dankalin turawa, ana sanya buƙatu na musamman akan abun ciki na busassun busassun (20-25%) da rage sukari (0,2-0,5%), wanda ke ƙayyade ingancin samfurin da aka gama.
Don sarrafa masana'antu, tubers mafi dacewa sune zagaye, zagaye da zagaye zuwa oblong-oval, saboda wannan yana sauƙaƙe rarraba dankali, yana rage sharar gida a lokacin tsaftacewa da lalacewar injiniya, kuma yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Don samar da dankalin turawa (kwakwalwa), dankali mai girma tare da busassun abun ciki na akalla 17% ana buƙatar daga Agusta zuwa Satumba, aƙalla 20 ... 24% na sauran shekara, yawa - 720 kg / m3 . Abubuwan da ke cikin rage sukari ba su wuce 0,25% ba, rarraba su uniform cikin girman tuber. Bai kamata dankalin turawa da kyau ya tara rage sukari a lokacin ajiya ba kuma da sauri rage matakin rage sukari zuwa matakan da za a iya amfani da shi yayin sake yin sanyi bayan adana ƙarancin zafin jiki. Ana buƙatar manyan dankali don samar da soyayyen faransa. Siffar tubers ne oblong, zagaye-oval, leveled tare da m ocelli. Tsawon - 50 mm ko fiye. Abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi - daga 20 zuwa 24%, rage sukari - iri ɗaya kamar na dankalin turawa, mai yawa - 720 kg / m3. Ana amfani da nau'in dankalin turawa, tubers waɗanda ba su da duhun duhun enzymatic na ɓangaren litattafan almara bayan kwasfa, gasa, lokacin daskarewa da bayan narke. Dankali bai kamata ya lura da tattara raguwa (rage) sugars yayin ajiya ba kuma da sauri ya rage matakin su zuwa ƙimar karɓuwa yayin sake daidaitawa bayan ajiyar ƙananan zafin jiki.
Babban mahimmanci a cikin samar da samfuran dankalin turawa shine abun ciki na rage sukari a cikin tubers, waɗanda ke da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma, yayin hulɗa tare da mahadi amino, ammonia ko peptides masu sauƙi, suna samar da mahaɗan melanoidin mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da tint na ruby , yana shafar ingancin samfuran da aka samu. Abun ciki na rage sugars a cikin tubers ne varietal hali, duk da haka, wannan nuna alama ba ya zama m da kuma bambanta dangane da yanayin girma, ajiya da kuma balaga da tubers.
Jerin tushen wallafe-wallafen da aka yi amfani da su:
1. Zhevora, S.V. Dankali: matsaloli da al'amura / S.V. Zhevora, B.V. Anisimov, E.A. Simakov, E.V. Ruwa, S.N. Zebrin // Dankali da kayan lambu. - 2019. - Na 7. - p. 13-17.
2. Zemtsova, M.A. Ƙimar fasaha na nau'in dankalin turawa don dacewa don sarrafawa zuwa dankali mai laushi da soyayyen faransa / M.A. Zemtsova, I.I. Timofeeva // Kariyar dankali. - 2011. - Na 1. - S. 17-20.
3. Pshechenkov, K.A. Mabukaci halaye na tubers da crispy dankali dangane da iri-iri, girma yanayi da kuma ajiya / K.A. Pshechenkov, O.N. Davydenkova // Batun girma dankali. Kimiyya tr. VNIKH. - M., 2003. - S. 90-99.