A cikin gundumar Pavlovsky na Kuban, an gudanar da taron gundumomi game da amfani da iskar gas a harkar noma da aiyukan gama gari. Tattaunawa game da canzawar tractor da kuma haɗuwa daga dizal zuwa gas mai ruwa ya ci gaba a cikin shekaru sama da shekara guda. Dalilin a bayyane yake: farashin man fetur da man lubricants yana haɓaka koyaushe, yana rushe abin da ya riga ya zama ba babbar riba ba. Amma, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, ba tare da saka hannun jari na gwamnati a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa ba, ba shi yiwuwa a canza kayan aiki zuwa gas. Shin jihar a shirye take ta taimakawa masu aikin gona kuma shin ta fuskar tattalin arziki ce?
- A yau litar man dizal ta fi man fetur 92 tsada. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan kuɗaɗe a fagen! - wani manomi daga yankin Rostov, Roman Aleinikov, yana yin isharar mara taimako. Amma a lokaci guda, baya son tura kayan aikinsa zuwa gas. Ya ce yana da tsada sosai, saboda za a canza duka 'kayan' tarakta. Kuma don zuwa tashar mai mafi kusa fiye da kilomita 20. Don haka, ya zama dole, sanya wasu irin ganga na musamman a farfajiyar kuma lokaci-lokaci a kai shi gidan mai don samun mai. A sakamakon haka, ra'ayin ba zai taba biya ba, dan kasuwar ya yanke shawara. Gaskiya ne, bai san yawan kuɗin da ake kashewa don sauya jigilar kayan gona zuwa gas, da kuma irin shirye-shiryen taimakon ƙasa ba.
Shugaban Associationungiyar Manoma na Don, Vadim Bandurin, ya lura cewa ra'ayin yin amfani da iskar gas yana da tabbas tabbas kuma an riga an tabbatar da shi sosai. Amma ya kuma yi imanin cewa sauya mafi yawan fasahar a kudu zuwa madadin mai a shekaru masu zuwa kusan ba zai yuwu ba.
- Tabbas, manoma suna son adanawa akan mai da mai, kuma wannan shine muhimmiyar rawar gani. Amma akwai manyan matsaloli game da aiwatar da ra'ayin, in ji masanin. - Da farko, a yau babu kayan aikin gona da ke amfani da iskar gas, ba babban taro mai yawa ba ne ke samarwa. Babu tsarin sabis don irin wannan kayan aiki a ɓangaren aikin gona. Ba a san yadda injuna masu ƙarfi za su yi aiki a kan tractors da haɗuwa ba. Mafi mahimmanci, a yau tsarin samar da mai don kayan aikin gona yana buƙatar ikon da ya cancanta don ƙara farashin kai tsaye a farfajiyar injin da kuma filin. Dangane da haka, muna magana ne game da gina tasoshin gas kai tsaye a cikin ƙungiyoyin aikin gona tare da kunshin takaddun takardu, dacewa da sauransu.
Dangane da bayanan hukuma, kashi 4,4 bisa ɗari na kayan aiki a cikin Don a yau ke gudana akan gas, kuma a cikin yankin Krasnodar da ke makwabtaka - tuni ya kasance 38. Manoma sun bayyana wannan ta dalili ɗaya, kayayyakin more rayuwa. A cikin yankin Rostov akwai gidajen mai guda 11 kawai, a cikin Kuban tuni akwai 18. A zahiri, akwai da yawa da yawa (kuma suna aiki iya aiki). Amma har ma wannan ya isa don sakamakon ya zama kwatankwacinsa. Hukumomin Don suna da masaniya kan wannan kuma sun yi alkawarin cewa nan da shekarar 2022 cibiyar sadarwar ciko mai za ta bunkasa zuwa 39. A cewar gwamnatin yankin, masu saka hannun jari 10 masu zaman kansu tuni sun shagala da gina kayayyakin samar da iskar gas a cikin yankin Rostov, wadanda suka sanar da shirin gina wurare 13. Kuma a cikin Kalmykia makwabta, ta hanyar, suma sun yanke shawarar gina cibiyar sadarwar mai. Mai saka jari yayi niyyar bude gidajen mai guda bakwai masu aiki da methane. Da yawa ga irin wannan ƙaramin yanki.
Wata matsala: a cikin yankunan karkara, har ma tashoshin gas ɗin da suke yanzu suna da nisa daga wuraren da kayan aiki ke. Sabili da haka, manoma da yawa za su gina matattarar su da tashoshin gas. Amma, kamar yadda al'adar ta nuna, ko da wannan kuskuren za'a iya juya shi ta zama mai kyau: idan manoma a ƙauyen da kansu suna son buɗe tasoshin gas, zasu iya samun kuɗi mai kyau. Akwai irin wannan kwarewar noma a Kuban. A cewar gwamnatin yankin, wannan ita ce rukunin yanar gizo na farko a cikin Rasha inda aka shigar da tashar samar da iskar gas ta kai tsaye a gonar. Tuni dai, ba wai harkar sufurin manomi kadai ba, har ma motocin masu wucewa suna matatun mai a nan. Thearfin tashar yayin isa cikakkiyar ƙarfin zai zama motoci 200 a kowace rana.
A cewar Viktor Zubkov, shugaban kwamitin zartarwa na Gazprom, cibiyar tashoshin gas a kasar a yau tana da wuraren aiki 446. - Tabbas, wannan bai isa ba. Amma gwamnatin Rasha ta yanke shawarar ware kudade don gina tashoshin da kuma kayan aikin sufuri. A wannan shekara, yankuna 17 za su sami tallafi, a shekara mai zuwa - 27, in ji shi a wurin taron. Hakanan akwai hane-hane na majalisa. Yanzu matatun mai na gona an yarda da su kawai a kan tsauri. Dangane da ka'idodin data kasance, har ma da tankokin kera masana'antu na “hukuma” ba za su iya yin wannan dama ba. A cewar gwamnan yankin Krasnodar Territory Veniamin Kondratiev, wannan yana daya daga cikin abubuwanda ke hana amfani da matatun mai da yawa. A wurin taron, ya ba da shawarar gyara ka'idojin fasaha da kuma ba da damar sake amfani da injunan aikin gona a cikin filin. Sun yi alkawarin aiki da wannan batun.
Nazari
Dmitry Belyaev, editan Hukumar Agaji ta kasa
Gabaɗaya, manoma sun yi aiki mai kyau game da sauyawa zuwa gas, sun koyi ƙidayar kuɗi. Amma wannan yana buƙatar dalilai biyu: ingantaccen tsarin samar da mai da taimakon gwamnati. Tambayar ita ce wa zai biya kudin gina katafariyar hanyoyin sadarwa a kasar. Yankuna har ma fiye da haka ƙananan hukumomi ba za su sami kuɗi don wannan ba. Idan Gazprom ya ɗauki duk manyan abubuwan kashewa, zai haɓaka aikin sosai. Amma ga taimako. A yau, akwai shirye-shiryen jihohi waɗanda ke motsa sauyawa zuwa "injin gas", alal misali, fa'idodi ga manoma lokacin siyan irin waɗannan kayan aikin, kuma tun daga shekara ta 2019, tallafi don sayan tashoshin mai cike da wayoyin hannu. Amma waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna buƙatar faɗaɗa. Misali, tallafi ga masana'antun irin waɗannan kayan aikin gona a cikin Rasha na iya haɓaka ci gaban sabbin samfura da samar da ɗimbin yawa. Sannan kowa zai ga cewa yana da ma'anar saka jari a masana'antar, kananan kamfanoni zasu kara himma wajen gina kananan gidajen mai a yankunan karkara, da sauransu.