Lokacin rani yana zuwa ƙarshe, an fara girbi nau'in dankalin turawa na farko a yawancin yankuna na Rasha, kuma zamu iya taƙaita sakamakon farko na lokacin ba mai sauƙi ba, wanda aka bambanta da fari da zafi mai zafi a Siberiya da Urals, ruwan sama mai yawa. a cikin yankunan kudancin da sanyi mai tsanani a cikin rabi na biyu na Yuni, wanda ya shafi rabin kasar. Duk da haka, Dmitry Belov, shugaban sashen tallace-tallace na kamfanin na Agusta, wanda editocin mujallar dankalin turawa ya tambayi ya yi magana game da abubuwan da ke cikin shekara, ya tabbata cewa yawancin matsalolin da masu noma na Rasha ke fuskanta kullum a lokacin da suke fuskanta. noman dankali baya haifar da yanayin yanayi.
“Babban matsalar masana’antar zuwa yanzu ita ce rashin ingancin iri a kasuwa,” in ji shi, “ta hanyar tubers iri, musamman, ana yaɗuwar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, batun da ke da tsanani sosai a Rasha a yau.” A karkashin wadannan sharudda, a cewar kwararre, manoma ya kamata su dauki hanyar da ta fi dacewa wajen zabar masu samar da dankalin iri, da kyau su ziyarci filayen da ake noman kayan, su shiga aikin tono sannan su tabbatar sun tura tubers daga rukunin da aka zaba domin siya. don bincike, amincewa da sakamakon dakunan gwaje-gwajen da aka tabbatar kawai.
Hali mai tsanani ga zaɓin tsaba shine inshora mai kyau akan wani sanannen bala'i - nematode (sem) tuberous. Bisa ga lura da Dmitry Belov, wannan kwaro yanzu ya yadu a cikin dukan manyan dankalin turawa yankuna na kasar - a cikin Arewa-Yamma yankin, da kuma a tsakiyar Black Earth yankin, da kuma a wani ɓangare na Volga yankin. Kamar yadda kwararre ya jaddada, idan gurbacewar kasa ta faru, mai noma zai shafe shekaru don magance matsalar. Dmitry Belov ya ce: “Hanyoyin sinadarai na yaƙi da nematode a cikin arsenal na manoma suna taimakawa wajen samun dankalin da ba su da kyau, amma kusan ba ya shafar yawan kwarin,” in ji Dmitry Belov, “da shuka a wuraren da suka kamu da koren taki (mustard, rapeseed, da dai sauransu). ), ko da za'ayi bisa ga dukan dokoki , ba shi da tasiri a cikin gajeren lokaci. A cewar masanin, sabbin nematocides tare da tasirin rage yawan jama'a za su taimaka wajen rage yawan nematodes (duka tuberous da cyst-forming) a cikin ƙasa, amma har yanzu suna shirye-shiryen shiga kasuwa kawai. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwarewa yana tarawa a cikin yin amfani da shirye-shiryen nazarin halittu dangane da nau'in naman gwari na naman gwari, wanda kuma ya dace da kulawa da kulawa da sakamakon da aka samu tare da haɗin gwiwar kwararru a wannan fanni.
Babbar matsala ga masu noman dankalin turawa ta Rasha ta rage anthracnose. A cewar shugaban sashen tallace-tallace na kamfanin na “August”, a yau babu wani shiri a kasar da idan aka yi la’akari da shi za a iya magance wannan matsala ta yadda ya dace. Amma masu samar da noma za su iya hana farawa ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyoyin rigakafi, wanda, ban da maganin tubers a lokacin dasa shuki, har ila yau ya haɗa da maganin ciyayi tare da shirye-shiryen triazole da strobilurin.
Wannan kakar ta haifar da wasu lahani ga masu noman dankalin turawa da fzamara (yayin da muke magana game da yankunan kudanci: wasu gonaki da suke noman dankalin turawa sun yi ɓatanci daga shirye-shiryen kariya da amfanin gona da suka rasa).
A yankunan tsakiyar Rasha, Urals da Siberiya, an yi ruwan sama mai yawa a watan Yuli, amma masanin ya ba da shawara a wannan mataki don la'akari da wannan gaskiyar maimakon a matsayin mai kyau. Dmitry Belov ya tabbatar da cewa "Dankalanka amfanin gona ne da ba a shayar da shi gabaɗaya a Rasha, wasu nau'ikan suna amsawa akai-akai ga wannan, amma sau da yawa wannan yana haifar da asara." Daga ra'ayi na ƙwararrun ƙwararru, har ma da ruwan sama na guguwa da ya fado a yankin Omsk, mai yiwuwa, ba zai haifar da wani matsala ba - "idan babu lalatar ridges da masauki mai nauyi."
Gabaɗaya, idan masu samar da aikin noma sun sami nasarar cika wa'adin aiki na yau da kullun (wanda kusan tabbas za a yi ta hanyar gonaki ta hanyar amfani da hanyar fasaha a cikin aikinsu), ƙwararren ya yi hasashen, yanayin zai kasance ƙarƙashin kulawa. Ko da yake cikakken hoto na marigayi bullar cutar a kasar zai bayyana a fili kusa da kaka.
A cikin layi daban, Dmitry Belov ya haskaka alternariosis - cuta, ƙaddamar da abin da aka tsokane shi ta hanyar damuwa ( fari, sanyi, rashin abinci mai gina jiki mai ma'adinai, da dai sauransu). A cewar kwararen, an dade ba a ba da kulawar da ta dace ba wajen yaki da cutar alternariosis a kasarmu, amma a halin yanzu yana da illa ga yankuna da dama. Shugaban sashen tallace-tallace na kamfanin na Agusta ya bukaci masu gonakin da ke cikin hadarin da su hada da shirye-shirye na musamman a cikin tsare-tsaren kariya na dankalin turawa (mafi tasiri su ne wadanda suka dogara da triazoles da strobilurins), ba kawai dogara ga matakan rikitarwa ba.
Halaye masu kyau na wannan lokacin sun hada da cikakken samar da masu samar da noma tare da cikakkun kayan kariya na shuka. Kasuwar tana ba da nau'ikan magunguna na waje da na cikin gida. "Akwai matsaloli tare da dabaru na kayan aikin kariya na mutum, an magance su da wahala sosai, amma cikin sauri, ba tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin ba," Dmitry Belov ya raba bayanai, "da, kamfanonin Rasha, saboda wani dabarun da halin da ake ciki yanzu, sun mai da hankali ga amfanin gona masu karamin karfi kamar dankali, da rajistar magunguna na musamman, da kuma samar da su, ya karu a cikin gida. Ana iya faɗi da tabbaci cewa a zahiri babu wani matsayi da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba (a zahiri, dangane da tabbatar da amincin abinci, kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta, kwari da ciyawa).
Amma halin da ake ciki tare da farashin kayayyakin kariya na shuka, gami da samfuran gida, ya zama ƙasa da kyakkyawan fata ga manoma a tsakiyar watan Yuli fiye da farkon lokacin. "Ana samar da sinadarai masu amfani da magungunan a wajen kasarmu, kuma tattalin arzikin wadannan masana'antu ya dogara ne da sauyin yanayi a kasuwannin duniya," in ji masanin, "a farkon wannan shekarar, an rage farashin magunguna idan aka kwatanta da kakar bara. . Dalilin hakan shi ne wani “ciwon kai” a masana’antun kasar Sin sakamakon yawan hakowa kafin gasar Olympics ta Beijing da raguwar bukatu na wucin gadi yayin barkewar cutar. Yanzu bukatu ya koma matakin da ya gabata, kuma a baya-bayan nan, farashin ruble ya ragu sosai, don haka an riga an daidaita farashin magunguna a jerin farashin.”
Ba shi yiwuwa a hango ko nawa siyan kayan kariya na shuka don sabon kakar zai kashe. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu wasu sharuɗɗa don rage farashin.