Ta yaya za a iya samun nasara (kawai a samu, ba a samu daga sayar da kayayyaki ba) Yuro 2000 a kowace kadada? Shin gaskiya ne a sami yuro 2000 / ha akan albarkatun gona? "Gaskiya ne," in ji Sergei Samonenko, darektan Vimal.
Abun sitaci - ceto domin dankalin dankalin turawa
Kwanan nan kamfanin Vimal ya ƙaddamar da mafi girma tsiro a Gabashin Turai a Chernigov. Kayan aikin da aka sanya a ciki na iya sarrafa dankali 1440 na dankali kowace rana. Mataki na farko, wanda ke iya sarrafa 700 t / rana, ya riga ya fara aiki. Sitarin da ake samarwa a nan ya hadu da dukkan ƙa'idodin ingancin duniya kuma an riga an fitar dashi zuwa Turkiyya, China da ma Holland - cibiyar samar da sitaci a duniya. “Kuma wannan a bayyane yake ba don sake siyarwa ba. Saboda 'yan kasuwar Dutch da ke fatauci a duk duniya ba sa karbar sitaci daga gare mu, sai dai su kawo jakankuna na musamman, su shirya sitarin mu a ciki a masana'antarmu sannan su aika da shi kai tsaye zuwa China, "in ji Sergei Samonenko. Bayan ƙirƙirar wannan ingantaccen samarwa, Vimal yanzu yana kirkirar ƙungiyar masu kaya. A lokaci guda, tsire-tsire baya buƙatar kowane dankali, amma tare da babban abun ciki na sitaci. Misali, idan abun da ke cikin sitaci ya kai kashi 20%, shuka a shirye take ta biya Yuro 0,09 / kg. S. Samonenko ya ce "Muna biyan dankali 30% fiye da yadda suke biya a Tarayyar Turai." Matsayi na sitaci na musamman ne kawai zai iya ba da babban sitaci. Da kyau, wataƙila ma kwakwalwan - idan samfurin saboda wasu dalilai bai gamsar da mai kera kwakwalwan ba, ko kuma, kamar yadda yake a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, yanayin yanayi ya haɓaka don maimakon 16% da aka nuna a cikin ƙayyadaddun nau'ikan, abun da ke cikin sitaci ya kasance duka 20%, kuma ya ba da wannan dankalin turawa wani lokacin yakan zama mafi fa'ida ga tsiron sitaci fiye da na kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
Daraktan kamfanin "Vimal" Sergey Samonenko
Noman irin sitaci na musamman, kamar yadda S. Samonenko ya ce, ana gabatar da shi ne kawai a cikin Ukraine. Yanzu rabon irin waɗannan nau'ikan ba su wuce 10% na jimlar yawan kayan albarkatun da aka kawo su Vimal. Sauran kayayyakin da basu dace ba na nau'ikan gunta (abun da ke cikin sitaci 14-16%) ko kuma irin na tebur (abun da ke cikin sitaci 10-12%). Tabbas, tare da irin wannan sarautar, farashin shiga baya bada izinin ƙididdigar duk wata ribar da aka samu: idan kawai don taimakawa aƙalla wani abu don dankali mara kyau, idan babu yawan aladun da zasu ciyar dasu da waɗannan dankalin.
A yau, kamfanin Vimal yana karɓar dankali a farashin mai zuwa: tare da abun cikin sitaci na 10-13% - 0,03-0,04 euro / kg; 13-15% - 0,05-0,06 euro / kg; 15-18% - 0,06-0,07 euro / kg; fiye da 18% - daga 0,07 EUR / kg. Amma gonakin dankalin turawa da yawa sun riga sun fara sha'awar nau'ikan sitaci. Halin kasuwa ya tura su zuwa ga wannan: yawan kayan da ake samu na dankalin turawa ya haifar da irin wannan farashin na karshen wanda gonakin suka dauki zabin daina dankalin turawa, sayar da kayan aiki na musamman da mai da hankali kan masara da sunflower. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan halin, noman iri na sitaci na iya zama ceto ga gonakin dankalin turawa na tsawon lokacin da ƙarnin da har yanzu ya san yadda ake noman dankali da kansa yake raye.
Sergey Samonenko ya ba da cikakken lissafin tattalin arziki. Misali, idan kuka tara 50 t / ha na dankalin turawa, ana iya siyar dasu akan yuro 4. Babu sharar gida a nan, ya bambanta da dankalin turawa: kowa zai yi kyau don sarrafawa. S. Samonenko ya kara da cewa: "Idan da a ce gonar za ta bar kasar a filin, kuma ba za ta kawo ga shukar ba." Wannan matakin yawan amfanin ƙasa abu ne mai yuwuwa. Misali, a tsakanin abokan haɗin shuka Vimal akwai gona daga yankin Chernihiv, wanda a cikin 650 ya kai matakin 2018 t / ha. Amma farashin noman dankali, a cewar S. Samonenko, yanzu a Ukraine bai wuce euro 63 / ha ba. Kuma wannan yana tare da manyan fasahohi, waɗanda ke buƙatar noman dankalin kasuwanci. Amma, kamar yadda darekta na kamfanin Vimal ya tunatar, dankalin turawa baya buƙatar adana shi, sanya shi ko kunshi shi. Babu buƙatar kulawa da gabatarwa yayin aikin noman, kuma wannan aƙalla kaɗan ya rage farashin kayan gwari da magungunan kwari. Misali, an iyakance maganin kwari a cikin tubers picking akan Colorado dankalin turawa, kuma hakan ya isa. Lissafin Vimal ya nuna cewa ta hanyar shuka iri na sitaci a maimakon na teburin, zaku iya ajiyewa a kowace kadada: akan tsari - Yuro 2790 (euro 124 / t); don maganin fungicidal biyu - Yuro 2,79;
a kan grid kayan lambu - Yuro 86;
ta hanyar rage adadin takin da ake amfani da shi - kusan Euro 48;
maye gurbin magunguna na asali tare da kyawawan dabi'u - 54 euro. Gabaɗaya, adadin ajiyar ya kai kusan 412 € / ha, wanda ke kawo farashin kowace kadada ƙasa da 2378 €. Don haka, zaku iya samun yuro 2000 a kowace kadada. Tabbas, akwai gonakin da aka girbe t / ha 15, inda suke amfani da kayan shuka na haifuwa da ba a sani ba, sun girma da hannayensu, kuma ba cikin gonakin iri dake ƙarƙashin ikon kamfanonin zaɓi ba; inda dabarar ta tsufa kuma ba ta yankewa, kuma mai hakowa ya bar rabin amfanin a cikin ƙasa. Amma koda a wannan yanayin, a cewar S. Samonenko, mai noman dankalin na iya samun kudi. Don haka, wata gonar da aka san shi da shi ta ajiye akan fasaha kuma an kashe euro 1744 / ha, saboda abin da aka samu ya kai 30 t / ha. A lokaci guda, abun da ke cikin sitaci ya kasance 19,5%, wanda ya baiwa gonar damar samun Euro 951 a kowace kadada.
Kwarewar dabbobi-Agro: asirin yana cikin abubuwa masu ban tsoro
Vimal ya wuce mai tace mai kawai wanda ke jan hankalin mutane a gaban masu kaya. Kamfani ne daban daban wanda ke aikin sarrafa dankalin turawa, gini da aikin gona. Musamman, kamfanin "Vimal" ya hada da kamfanin "Vimal-Agro" na aikin gona, wanda ke cikin kauye. Gundumar Vybli Kulikovsky, yankin Chernihiv. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, kamfanin aikin gona a cikin 2018 ya shuka dankalin turawa - Susanna da Eurostarch (duka na zaɓin Europlant) da Kuras na zaɓi na Agrico. A cewar Yuriy Dyak, darektan Record Agro, keɓaɓɓen mai rarraba nau'ikan Europlant a cikin Ukraine, Eurostarch iri-iri ne masu tsaka-tsakin yanayi (lokacin ciyayi - kwanaki 85-95), mai tsayayya da ƙarshen ɓarkewar kwayar cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, baƙar fata, nematode, mai buƙata zuwa daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki, tare da yuwuwar abun cikin sitaci na 20-21% da yawan amfanin ƙasa har zuwa 50 t / ha. Amma iri-iri na Susanna yana tsakiyar-farkon, tare da irin wadatar yawan amfanin gona har ma mafi girma (22,5%) sitaci, mai tsayayya da metribuzin da cututtuka da yawa. Kamfanin noman ya mamaye kadada 100 tare da dankalin turawa. Yawan dankalin turawa ya kasance 35 t / ha a farkon fara haƙa, kuma 40 t / ha a ƙarshen. Kamar yadda S. Samonenko ya tabbatar, wannan ba shine iyakar da al'adar zata iya bayarwa ba: an hako dankalin ne daga watan Agusta zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba, yayin da ake bayar da mafi yawan amfanin gona lokacin da aka haƙa a ƙarshen Satumba-a cikin shekaru 1 na Oktoba. Don haka, kamfanin noman "Vimal-Agro" ya nuna misali game da nasarar noman dankali mai sitaci. “Mun so gabatar da wani aiki na noman dankalin turawa a shekarar 2014 - don shuka hekta 5-10 don ganin sakamakon, lissafin ingancin tattalin arziki. Koyaya, to yakin ya hana. Amma a cikin 2018, akwai sake farfado da sha'awar aikin: layin gaba ya daidaita, a lokaci guda halin da ake ciki a kasuwar dankalin turawa ya taɓarɓare, wanda ya tilasta wa masu kera neman sababbin hanyoyi. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin haɓakar nau'ikan sitaci, gwargwadon ƙididdigar kamfanin "Vimal", yana da alamar raɗaɗi:
Abinci | Sitaci (sitaci 20%) | Chipsy | |
Yawan aiki, t / ha | 45 | 45 | 38 |
Kasuwanci,% | 85 | 100 | 80 |
Farashin tallace-tallace na dankali mai kasuwa, Yuro / Kg | 0,1 | 0,095 | 0,12 |
Kayan cinikin dankalin turawa wadanda ba kasuwanci ba, Euro / Kg | 0,06 | 0,06 | |
Babban kudin shiga, dubu Yuro / ha: jimla | 4,26 | 4.28 | 4.11 |
daga sayar da kayayyakin kasuwa | 3,88 | 3,67 | |
daga cinikin kayayyakin masarufi zuwa sitaci | 0,38 | 0,44 | |
Farashi, dubu Yuro / ha | 3,22 | 2,34 | 2,98 |
Riba, dubu Euro / ha | 1,51 | 1,92 | 1,13 |
Da yake tsokaci a kan lissafin, S. Samonenko ya lura cewa mai nuna alamun kasuwa zuwa 80-85%, musamman ma dankalin turawa, yana da kyakkyawan fata, saboda a aikace wannan matakin sau da yawa 75 ne har ma da 50%. A taƙaita sakamakon farkon kakar farko ta girma iri iri na dankalin Turawa a manyan kundin, S. Samonenko ya gano manyan asirin biyu. Na farkon da ya tsara kamar haka: "kashi 70% na yawan amfanin ƙasa shine seedsa seedsan da ke daidai." Ta hanyar ingantattun tsaba, yana nufin dasa kayan abu mai girma wanda ya dace da bukatun mizanin kwayar cuta, da dai sauransu. Misali, idan kuna amfani da kayan shuka ba na 1 ba, amma na 2 ne, zaku iya rage kudin sa daga 383 zuwa Euro 255 / kilogiram Koyaya, saboda wannan, 15% na girbi ya ɓace, wanda ke biyan gonar euros 636.942 euro / ha. Don haka, '' tanadi '' akan kayan dasawa ya zama asarar kuɗi na euro 8100 / ha. Sigogi na biyu na nau'ikan sitaci shine cewa suna samar da yawancin yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin makonni 3 da suka gabata ko ma makonni 2 na lokacin girma, wato, a watan Satumba. “A watan Yuli, idan aka shafe kwanaki da yawa na filin dankalin turawa, iri iri na rashin kyan gani: tubers har yanzu kanana ne. Amma a cikin makonni 2-3 da suka gabata, babban ƙaruwar yawan amfanin ƙasa yana faruwa, "in ji S. Samonenko.
Dangane da haka, nau'ikan sitaci, fiye da kowane, na buƙatar adana koren ɗumi yayin bazara. Samonenko ya ce: "Adana kayan lambu a duk lokacin bazara, har zuwa Satumba, shi ne sirri na biyu na noman iri na sitaci," in ji shi. Kuma wannan, a cewarsa, da ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da amfani da kayan gwari masu inganci ba, waɗanda suka ceci yawan ciyayi daga cututtuka, da farko daga Alternaria da ƙarshen cutar. Kamfanin "Vimal-Agro" ya kula da dankalin sa na sitaci sau daya tare da Propulse akan Alternaria kuma sau uku tare da Ditan akan cutar mara. Wannan ya ba da damar adana yawan ciyawar dankali a lokacin bazara har zuwa watan Satumba mai zuwa. Kuma ba tare da wannan ba, da kamfanin noma ba zai sami albarkar nau'ikan sitaci wanda zai ba shi damar samun shi ba.
Sirri na uku na noman iri na sitaci, ya kira hadi dankali da potassium sulfate maimakon maganin gargajiya na chloride. S. Samonenko ya bayyana "Amfani da sulfate maimakon potassium chloride na kara sitaci," in ji S. Samonenko. Masu kiwo na kamfanin Europlant sun lura cewa an ba da izinin amfani da potassium chloride, amma a iyakantattun allurai: a cikin bazara - bai fi 80 kg / ha ba. Amma ƙimar aikace-aikacen K2Shawarar a matakin 190-250 kg / ha. Hakanan, bai kamata ku ƙara mai yawa na nitrogen ba, saboda wannan yana rage sitaci. Kamar yadda Yuri Dyak ya fada, yawan aikace-aikacen nitrogen kada ya wuce kilogiram 100 / ha, kuma gabatar da wannan sashi ya kamata a tsaya kafin matakin buduwa. Mafi kyawun adadin phosphorus, a cewarsa, kilogiram 120 ne / ha. Hakanan, nau'in sitaci yana buƙatar gabatarwar magnesium a cikin nauyin 80 kg / ha a allurai biyu.
Don haka, farashin girma 1 ha na nau'ikan dankalin turawa shine: don kayan shuka na nabi na 1 a yawan shuka dubu 42 / ha na ƙarshen iri da dubu 44 / ha na farkon - 1146.49 euro / ha; don takin mai magani - Yuro 500 / ha; don kayayyakin kare tsire-tsire - Yuro 350 / ha; don mai - Yuro 200 / ha; sauran kashe kuɗi (albashi, haya, ragi, da sauransu) - Yuro 574 / ha. Gabaɗaya, a cewar S. Samonenko, fasahar aikin gona ta irin itaciyar dankalin turawa tana mai tuno da fasahar noma ta dankalin turawa. Wannan yana baiwa masu noman dankalin turawa damar canzawa zuwa nau'ikan sitaci kuma, gwargwadon bullo da manyan fasahohin aikin gona, suna samun yuro 2000 / ha - kamar yadda babu wani amfanin gona da yake bayarwa.