Roman Viklenko, babban masanin aikin gona na gonar Kirby, Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan
Ƙasar Kyrgyzstan tana da kimanin kadada miliyan 20, wanda kadada miliyan 10,6 shine ƙasar noma, ciki har da kadada miliyan 1,2 na ƙasar noma tare da fadin kasa mai ban ruwa na 0,8 miliyan hectares.
Yawancin jama'a (fiye da 60%) suna zaune ne a yankunan karkara, kuma yanayin rayuwa a kasar ya dogara ne akan noma.
Yanayin babban yankin ƙasar yana da ƙaƙƙarfan nahiya, tare da lokacin zafi sosai da lokacin sanyi. A yankunan noman kwari, a lokacin rani zafin iska yana tashi zuwa 45-48 ° C, a lokacin hunturu wani lokaci yakan sauko ƙasa -30 ° C tare da ƙananan dusar ƙanƙara, kuma yanayin zafi na dare yakan kasance 12-15 ° C fiye da zafin rana.
Matsakaicin hazo na shekara-shekara bai wuce 500 mm ba, yana bambanta tsakanin shekaru da yankuna tare da fifikon hazo na farkon bazara. Banda matakin hazo shine a wasu yankuna, musamman yankin noma na kogin Issyk-Kul - saboda tasirin babban tafkin Issyk-Kul.
Yanayin yanayi da yanayin da ke cikin jamhuriyar yana da kyau ga noman amfanin gona da yawa, gami da kusan duk kayan lambu. Ana noman dankali kusan ko'ina a cikin jamhuriyar.
Tarihin noman dankalin turawa a kasar ya wuce fiye da karni daya.
Mai yiwuwa, dankali ya zo Kyrgyzstan a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19, amma ba su kai tsaye yaduwa ba: abinci na mazauna kasar a lokacin ya mamaye samfurori na asali na dabba (wanda ya dace da mutanen nomadic). Shahararrun dankalin turawa ya fara girma a zamanin Soviet, kuma an fara biyan mafi girman hankali ga amfanin gona a cikin 90s, lokacin da jamhuriyar ta zama mai zaman kanta. Tun daga shekarar 1992, noman dankalin turawa ya kusan ninka sau hudu, daga tan 360 zuwa tan miliyan 000 a shekarar 1,36 (FAO 2007).
A yau, ci gaban noman dankalin turawa a Kyrgyzstan yana fuskantar cikas saboda rashin ingantaccen kayan iri, iri masu amfani, kayan aiki da fasaha. A zahiri babu masana'antar sarrafa dankalin turawa, sabili da haka farashin kasuwa na samfurin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali.
A mahangar kungiya, a halin yanzu noma a Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan ya kasance mafi rinjaye na kananan gonaki masu zaman kansu wadanda suka taso sakamakon mayar da fili da kadarorin gonakin gama gari da na jihohi. Yawancin manoma ba su da isasshen kuɗin da za su gudanar da ayyuka masu inganci. Sakamakon kai tsaye na wannan shine ƙarancin aikin aiki, babban kaso na ƙayyadaddun farashi, manyan haɗarin samarwa, rashin kwanciyar hankali da ƙananan kuɗi a cikin samar da amfanin gona.
Amma akwai kuma gonakin da ke da gogewar shekaru masu yawa a cikin aikin nasara. Kamar yadda Uralbek Nogoibaev, Babban Darakta na Eurasia Group Kyrgyzstan ya lura (kamfanin yana samar da injunan noma daga John Deere, JCB, GRIMME, Väderstad, da sauransu zuwa Kyrgyzstan), ci gaban da suke da shi ya fi yawa saboda gabatar da fasahar zamani.
Farmakin manoma "Kirby"
Chui ( gundumar Alamedinsky ) da kuma yankunan Issyk-Kul ( gundumar Tyupsky )
Mafi girman sana'ar noman dankalin turawa da sarrafa dankali a cikin Jamhuriyar
An kafa kamfanin a cikin 1997 a Bishkek. Sunan "Kirby" ya bayyana a sakamakon ƙara kalmomin "Kyrgyzstan" da "Bishkek".
Yankin farko na aikin shine sarrafa dankalin turawa: kamfanin ya ƙaddamar da layin don samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Shekaru uku bayan haka, kamfanin kuma ya fara samar da albarkatun kasa, sannan ya fadada yawan amfanin gona.
Yanzu KH "Kirby" ita ce babban kamfani a Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan don samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta. An kera samfuran a ƙarƙashin alamar kasuwanci ta PIR.
Baya ga dankali, gonar tana noman alkama na hunturu da bazara, sha'ir na hunturu da bazara, tsaba na hunturu, sunflower, waken soya, gero, da gabatar da alfalfa a cikin jujjuyawar amfanin gona don samar da ciyawa da iri, da sainfoin.
Jimillar yawan noman amfanin gona a yankin Chui ya kai kadada 450; daga kadada 70 zuwa 100 na kasar noma ana kebewa kowace shekara don dankali. A yankin Issyk-Kul, yawan yanki ya kai kadada 310, an ware kadada 35-40 don dankali.
A cikin gonakin gona, dankalin turawa na marigayi iri ne ake nomawa, ana kuma samar da iri na farko don sarrafa su daga filin.
Matsakaicin yawan amfanin dankalin turawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a yankin Chui yana kan matakin 450 c/ha, jimillar yawan girbi ya kai tan 3700. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin dankalin iri a yankin Issyk-Kul shine 400-450 c/ha, babban adadin girbi shine ton 1000-1500.
Samar da iri. Gidan gona yana siyan nau'ikan iri na nau'ikan "elite" da "super-elite" a Jamus kuma suna yada shi a gundumar Tyup na yankin Issyk-Kul. Tun daga shekarar 2020, gonar tana gwada dankalin iri daga Rasha.
Nan gaba kadan, gonakin na shirin samun matsayin noman iri da kuma samar da ingantaccen iri ga manoman gida. Kamfanin ya riga ya ɗauki matakai don cimma wannan burin: alal misali, a bara an sayi dankalin tebur na zaɓin Solana don yaduwa.
Hanyar fasaha. John Deere 6195 M da 6135 B kayan aikin noman dankali ana amfani da su, ana yin shuka da shukar GRIMME GL430, ana yin girbi tare da layi ɗaya da layi biyu tare da GRIMME SE 75-40 da GRIMME SE 260.
Adanawa. A yankin gonar Kirby akwai wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa don iri da dankalin abinci. Ana sanya dankalin iri a cikin akwatunan ajiya na dogon lokaci guda shida tare da sanyaya aiki; ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin 3,2-3,8 ° C. Jimlar damar ajiyar iri shine ton 610. An ware akwatunan ajiya na dogon lokaci guda huɗu don dankalin ajiya, biyu daga cikinsu suna sanye take da tsarin samun iska mai aiki da biyu tare da tsarin sanyaya aiki. Ana adana zafin jiki a cikin 6-7 ° C. Jimlar ƙarfin wurin ajiyar dankalin turawa shine ton 2800.
A cikin 2020, a yankin gonar Kirby a gundumar Tyupsky, an gina sabon wurin ajiyar dankalin turawa wanda ya dace da ka'idodin zamani, kuma an sayi sabbin kayan ajiya na GRIMME da SKALS. Wurin ajiya yana da ɗakuna biyu masu ƙarfin tan 600 kowanne.
Ban ruwa. Ana shigar da yayyafa nau'in ganga daga alamar Nettuno akan wuraren da aka noma na gonar Kirby. Tun da akwai ƙarancin ruwan sama a ƙasar kuma yanayin zafi a lokacin rani ya ƙare, ya zama dole a ci gaba da ci gaba da ɗanɗano ƙasa. A nan gaba, kamfanin yana sa ran maye gurbin kayan aikin da ake da su (wanda ke buƙatar aiki mai yawa yayin aiki) tare da tsarin ban ruwa na madauwari, don haka yana sa ran zai ƙara yawan ingantaccen tsarin ban ruwa.
Ƙasa. Gidan gona yana aiki bisa tsari don inganta ƙasa. A kowace shekara, ana shuka koren taki a gonaki, wanda kamfanonin da kansu ke noman iri. Ana gwada fasahar ba sai an gwada ba, wanda hakan ya sa za a iya rage tsarin zaizayar kasa da rage tsadar ayyukan noma, sabili da haka rage tsadar kayayyaki.
A bana, gonakin ya kara yawan wuraren da aka shuka da dankali, saboda karuwar bukatar wadannan kayayyakin.
Muna fatan kakar mai zuwa za ta yi nasara ga duk masu noman dankalin turawa na Jamhuriyar.
K S