Svetlana Konstantinova, Shugaban kungiyar Kiwon Dankali da iri, Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta Chuvash - reshe na FGBNU FARC na Arewa maso Gabas.
Masana kimiyya na Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta Chuvash suna gudanar da bincike na kimiya a fannin kiwo da samar da iri na hatsi da kayan amfanin gona na leguminous, ciyawa na perennials, waken soya, hops da dankali.
Cibiyar ta fara shiga cikin kiwo dankalin turawa a cikin 2010, wannan yanki ne mai ƙarancin aiki don ƙungiyar kimiyyarmu da Chuvashia gabaɗaya. Ana gudanar da aikin ne tare da kwararru daga Cibiyar Binciken Dankali ta Tarayya mai suna V.I. A.G. Lorkha: a kan odarmu, suna aika matasan tuber guda ɗaya tare da wasu halaye iri-iri zuwa Cibiyar Bincike na Aikin Noma.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, muna buƙatar nau'in farko da farkon farkon, tun lokacin tsakiyar kakar a cikin yankin Volga-Vyatka ba zai iya gane yiwuwar su ba saboda yanayin yanayi, akwai sanyi na farko.
Idan muka yi magana game da makoma, muna ba da fifiko ga nau'in tebur, kodayake kasuwa yana canzawa a hankali, masu amfani sun fara sha'awar nau'ikan don aiki mai zurfi, marufi. Muna la'akari da launi na kwasfa da ɓangaren litattafan almara, zurfin idanu. Yanzu nau'in fata mai launin fari da rawaya sun fi buƙata, amma shekaru uku ko hudu da suka gabata nau'in masu launin ja da fari sun fi shahara. Har ila yau, babban mahimmanci shine juriya ga cututtuka na marigayi, Alternaria da sauran cututtuka na kowa.
Daga sakamakon hybrids, za mu zabi mafi alamar rahama ga yankin mu. Daga shekara ta biyu na noma, muna zaɓar samfurori don gwaji na farko (ana yin zaɓin bisa ga ma'auni fiye da 50: muna kula da ƙananan daji, yawan tubers, da dai sauransu). Bugu da ari, jagororin wannan mataki suna tafiya zuwa manyan gwaje-gwaje, sannan zuwa ga masu gasa. Waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda a ƙarshe ke nuna kyakkyawan sakamako idan aka kwatanta da ƙa'idodin da ke akwai a yankinmu, mun ƙaddamar da gwajin iri-iri na jihohi. Wannan aiki ne mai tsayi kuma mai tsananin wahala.
A cikin bankin alade na masu shayarwa na Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta Chuvash, ya zuwa yanzu akwai nau'ikan dankalin turawa guda ɗaya kawai - Avan (an karɓi takardar shaidar cin nasarar kiwo a cikin 2020). Avan daga Chuvash yana nufin mai kyau, lafiya. Tsakanin farkon iri-iri, don amfanin tebur. Yana da kyakkyawar gabatarwa: fata yana da ruwan hoda, nama yana da fari. A cikin gida, a matsakaita, daga 8 zuwa 12 manyan tubers (ƙananan, nauyin ƙasa da 30 g, bazai zama ba).
A iri-iri ba whimsical ga yanayin yanayi, yana ba da girbi mai kyau duka biyu a bushe shekaru da yanayi tare da babban zafi. Mai jure wa phytophthora (ciki har da saman), saboda fata mai yawa wanda ya dace da girbi na inji.
Amma ba mu daina. A cikin 2021, bisa ga sakamakon gwajin gasa, an zaɓi lambobi 14. A karshen hunturu mu masana za su kimanta yadda accessions tsira da ajiya lokacin: waɗanda cewa germinated da wuri za a ƙi (irin wannan iri-iri na iya zama mai yiwuwa ga sakandare tuberization).
Baya ga aikin kiwo, Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Noma ta Chuvash ta tsunduma cikin samar da iri na farko na nau'ikan dankali guda bakwai: Zhukovsky farkon, Avan, Vineta, Jajircewa, Irbitsky, Vympel, Reggi.
Muna samar da kayan iri (yankakken nau'in dankalin turawa ana siyarwa) galibi don gonakin dankalin turawa na Jamhuriyar Chuvash, akwai kuma abokan ciniki na yau da kullun a yankin Samara da Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan. Daga cikin masu siyan akwai masu zaman kansu (LPH).
Ya zuwa yanzu, akwai isasshen adadin samarwa ga kowa da kowa, ko da a yanzu, lokacin da babu sauran yawa har sai bazara, muna da takamaiman tanadi. Amma yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da cewa shekaru da yawa a jere farashin dankalin tebur a duka Rasha da Kazakhstan sun kasance a matakin ƙasa kaɗan, kuma mutane kaɗan ne suke so su magance wannan amfanin gona. A bara, farashin dankali ya hauhawa, kuma buƙatun iri nan da nan ya karu.
A nan gaba, ina tsammanin, jagorar za ta ci gaba da gaske, akwai duk damar da za a shuka dankalin iri a cikin jamhuriyar.