Ga duk wanda ke da hannu sosai a aikin noma, a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata rayuwa a fili ta bi tsarin zagayowar shekaru biyu: kowace shekara mai ban sha'awa a cikin Nuwamba, masu samar da noma suna taruwa a Hannover don baje kolin Agritechnica.
Nunin Agritechnica-2013 an nuna ta hanya mafi mahimmanci game da haɓaka mahimmancin noma da fasahar noma. A bana ya ƙunshi masu baje koli 2898, kimanin mutane dubu 450 ne suka ziyarce ta, wanda dubu 112 daga ƙasashen waje ne, kuma ta haka ta sake zarce adadin na shekarar da ta gabata. Babban jami’in kula da harkokin noma na Jamus Dr. Reinhard Grandke ya bayyana haka a ranar karshe ta baje kolin. Halin da ke tsakanin masu nuni da baƙi yana da kyakkyawan fata. Alamar wannan ita ce babban hali ga zuba jari.
"A cewar wani bincike mai zaman kansa na baƙi, fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na masu samar da noma suna tantance halin da ake ciki a kasuwancin su da kyau kuma suna da niyyar saka hannun jari a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa," in ji Dokta Grandke.
Nasarorin da aka samu a baje kolin:
- Kusan masu baje kolin 2900 daga kasashe 47 sun nuna cikakken kewayon injunan noma na zamani, da kuma kayan aiki da kayan gyara (Systems & Components).
Yawan masu baje kolin na kasashen waje ya karu, wanda ya kai 1500. Wannan adadi ya karu a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata daga kashi 33 zuwa kashi 52 cikin dari a bana.
2. Tare da sabon sashen a cikin "Tsarin & Abubuwan da aka gyara" Pavilion, a karo na farko a cikin ra'ayi na nunin Agritechnica 2013, an gudanar da rarraba tsakanin masu samar da tsarin, kayayyaki, kayan aiki da kayan gyara. Wannan ra'ayi ya tabbatar da ƙimarsa kuma za a ƙara haɓakawa a Agritechnica 2015.
3. Maziyarta dubu 450! Agritechnica ta sake samun halartar rikodin rikodi. Wannan ya haura kashi bakwai bisa na 2011 kuma yana nuna babban sha'awar manoma, 'yan kwangila da kungiyoyin kasuwanci a cikin sabbin fasahohi da kuma ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa na gaba.
4. Kimanin maziyarta dubu 338 ne suka zo daga Jamus - kashi shida fiye da na 2011. Kamar yadda wani bincike na maziyarta ya nuna, masu noman noma daga dukkan yankuna na Jamus sun sami wakilci sosai. Kashi 38 cikin 50 sun fito ne daga kudu da kudu maso yammacin Jamus, kashi 12 daga arewa da yammacin Jamus, kashi XNUMX kuma sun fito ne daga gabashin kasar.
5. 112 dubu baƙi baƙi zuwa nunin - wannan sabon rikodin ne! Kowane baƙo na huɗu ya fito daga ƙasashen waje, yawancin su daga Switzerland (fiye da 11,5 baƙi), Netherlands (dubu 10), Austria (dubu 8,7), Faransa (dubu 7,5), Ireland (dubu 5,8 .5,2), Denmark (dubu 5). ), Burtaniya (dubu 4,5), Belgium (dubu 4,3), Finland (dubu 3,7) da Italiya (dubu XNUMX).
Daga cikin mahalarta baje kolin, kimanin dubu 19 ne masu saka hannun jari da masu yanke shawara daga manyan masana'antu a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai. Yawancin masu zuba jari sun fito ne daga Jamhuriyar Czech (dubu 3,6), Poland (dubu 2,9), Rasha (dubu 2,4) da Ukraine (dubu 1,9).
An tabbatar da halayen babban baje-kolin duniya a cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa musamman ta hanyar karuwar halartar manyan ƙasashen da ke cikin teku. Misali, adadin masu ziyara daga Arewa, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka ya karu zuwa dubu 8,9, daga Oceania zuwa dubu 2, daga Indiya da kasashen Afirka zuwa mutane 1350.
6. Ci gaba a fagen na'urorin lantarki da fasahar firikwensin yanzu galibi suna ƙayyade matakin ƙirƙira na kayan aiki da tsarin tare da manufar tsara matakai har ma da inganci, daidai, abokantaka da muhalli da farashi mai inganci. Ci gaba a nunin Agritechnica ya kasance sananne, musamman, a fannin ƙirƙirar tsarin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin tsarin daban-daban. A cikin yankin "Smart Farming" an gabatar da mafita, alal misali, a kan batun sarrafa bayanai, fasahar kewayawa / firikwensin, ingantaccen kayan aikin kwamfuta, da tsarin atomatik da fasahar sarrafawa.
7. Sabbin ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu na Afirka da Asiya suna buƙatar aiwatar da aikin sanin ya kamata.
Masu samar da noma a waɗannan ƙasashe, baya ga canja wurin ilimi da ƙwarewa, suna buƙatar ingantattun fasahohin.
Sabbin jerin abubuwan sun ƙunshi ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙasashen duniya waɗanda ke nuna yuwuwar kasuwa da samun dama, da kuma tsarin ba da kuɗi da buƙatun kayan aiki ga China, Indiya da Kudancin Afirka. Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru sun jawo sha'awa sosai. Sakamakonsa zai taimaka wajen hanzarta mika ilimin ga wadannan kasashe. Hakan kuma ya sami sauƙaƙa ta wurin babban taron noman shinkafa. Baƙi da yawa sun sami bayanai game da sarrafa ruwa, shirya ƙasa, shuka, hadi, kariyar shuka, da girbi.
8. Sama da matasa dubu 20 masu sana'ar noma, ƴan makaranta da ɗalibai daga Jamus da ƙasashen waje sun sami cikakkun bayanai a tarurrukan ƙwararru masu yawa, daga "Bita na Rayuwa" zuwa shawarwarin mutum game da haɓaka sana'a. A lokaci guda, bayanai daga masana'antun da yawa game da wuraren ayyuka masu ban sha'awa a masana'antar su sun kasance masu ban sha'awa musamman ga baƙi baƙi.
Ciyar da mutane - Haɓaka inganci - Ajiye albarkatu
An san cewa a cikin 2050 zai zama dole a samar da abinci ga mutane biliyan 9 a duniya. A lokaci guda kuma, buƙatar albarkatun ƙasa na asalin aikin gona don samar da makamashi za su ƙaru. Wadannan manyan ayyuka ne da manoma ya kamata su warware. Ga yankunan noma a duniya, wannan na nufin bukatar kara inganta yadda ya kamata. A fannin noman amfanin gona ne har yanzu akwai babban tasiri a nan, musamman godiya ga ci gaban da aka samu a cikin na'urorin lantarki da sabbin ma'auni na aikin injin. Misali, Fasahar Noma ta Smart tana yin yuwuwar sauye-sauye da yawa a ƙungiyar masana'antu da fasahar samarwa.
A lokaci guda, godiya ga fasaha na fasaha, samar da albarkatun kasa za a iya aiwatar da shi fiye da tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Wani misali daga Jamus ya nuna yadda manoma ke tafiyar da yadda za su shawo kan ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa. Anan, manyan gonaki daga 1984 zuwa 2011 sun sami damar haɓaka amfanin gona da kashi 30% kuma a lokaci guda rage amfani da albarkatun.
A daidai wannan lokacin, amfani da makamashi, da kuma amfani da kayayyakin kariya na shuka da takin zamani, ya ragu da kashi 60% (binciken da ofishin tattalin arzikin Göttingen Betriebswirtschaftliches Buros Guttingen ya yi).
Yanayin kasuwanci da ci gaban kasuwanci
Kyakkyawan matsakaici da dogon lokaci ana hasashen za a yi noma. Duk masu kera injinan noma da manoma da kansu suna yin fare akan hakan. Bisa la’akari da farashin madara da alkama a halin yanzu, ana ganin an shawo kan tashe-tashen hankulan farashin da suka yi kamari a baya-bayan nan. Mazaunan Turai suna tantance yanayin kasuwanci na yanzu da kuma tsammaninsu don ƙarin ci gaban kasuwanci, kamar yadda yake a baya, a matsayi mai tsayi. Wannan yana nuna sakamakon sakamakon sa ido na yanayin da DLG ke aiwatarwa tare da babbar cibiyar binciken kasuwar noma ta Turai Kleffmann Group (Lüdingshausen, Vestafalia) a Jamus, Faransa, Burtaniya da Poland. Manoman Jamus sun yi la'akari da yanayin kasuwanci na yanzu yana da inganci sosai, yayin da takwarorinsu na Faransa da Poland sun fi keɓe wajen tantancewar. Manoman Burtaniya sun kimanta halin da suke ciki yanzu fiye da na 2012. Wannan kuma ya shafi tsammanin game da ƙarin ci gaban halin da ake ciki. Ana iya ƙarasa da cewa manoman Burtaniya sun riga sun shawo kan raguwa saboda wahalar girbi da yanayin shuka a cikin 2012. Yanzu sun fi kallon nan gaba da kyau. Manoman Jamus na kallon ci gaban kasuwanci da ake sa ran nan da watanni 12 masu zuwa a matsayin mai kyau. Shugabannin gonakin Faransa suna tsammanin matsakaicin ci gaba a yanayin kasuwa a cikin watanni masu zuwa. Abubuwan da ake tsammani na manoman Poland sun fi kamewa fiye da lokacin bazara na 2013.
Shirye-shiryen zuba jari
Shirye-shiryen zuba jari na manoma a Jamus, Faransa, Burtaniya da Poland ya bambanta. Saka idanu na halin yanzu yana nuna babban shiri don saka hannun jari a Jamus (52%) da Poland (50%) - kowane sakan na biyu na manoman da aka bincika a waɗannan ƙasashe suna shirin saka hannun jari a cikin watanni 12 masu zuwa. A Faransa, shirye-shiryen saka hannun jari a halin yanzu yana kusa da 30%, wanda kusan daidai yake da nunin da ya gabata a 2011. Gonakin Faransa na da niyyar jagorantar kashi 67% na jarin da aka shirya don noman amfanin gona.
Kyaututtuka da masu nasara
Kwamitin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru na tsaka-tsaki wanda DLG ya nada daidai da tsauri sharuddan da aka ba da sabbin kayayyaki hudu tare da lambobin zinare da sabbin kayayyaki 33 tare da lambobin azurfa.
Littafin namu yana jin daɗin ganin nasarar abokin aikinmu na dogon lokaci, kamfanin Grimme. Injiniyoyin kamfanin sun yi nasarar ba kowa mamaki da sabon ci gaban da suka samu. Lokacin girbi dankali, ana amfani da tsarin injina galibi don ware ƙazanta masu siffar tuber, kamar duwatsu da dunƙulewar ƙasa. Duk da haka, yawan amfanin su yana da iyaka, wanda ke haifar da wasu rashin jin daɗi yayin aiki tare da na'urorin girbi da yawa a lokaci guda.
Na'urar rabuwa da huhu AirSep, Grimme Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG, Damme, Jamus (Hall 25, tsaya F11).
Ta hanyar haɗuwa da iskar ƙasa mai raɗaɗi da iskar da aka kawo daga ƙasa, a karon farko a cikin fasahar girbi dankalin turawa, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri na'urar rarraba pneumatic wanda jagorar motsi na tudun kuma ta haka ana kiyaye takamaiman kayan aiki ba tare da hani ba. Yayin da suke wucewa ta sashin rabuwa, tubers kusan suna shawagi a hankali sama da mai ɗaukar ƙasa mai girgiza, yayin da duwatsu masu nauyi da dunƙule suka faɗo kuma ana tura su ta wata ƙofa mai ɓarna zuwa mai jigilar kaya. Za'a iya daidaita inganci da aikin rarrabuwa zuwa abun da ke cikin amfanin gona kuma a canza shi kai tsaye daga tarakta (marasa iyaka) ta hanyar canza haɗuwar juzu'i na iska, karkata da mitar girgiza mai ɗaukar ƙasa. Tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa yayin da lokaci guda rage farashin don rarrabuwar hannu na gaba, kuma yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da wuraren da a baya dankali za a iya girma bayan rabuwar ƙasa mai tsada a cikin bazara.
Lokacin aiki tare da masu girbi-jere biyu, yawan aikin na'urorin raba goga shine 2 t/h. Tare da AirSep, yawan aiki yana ƙaruwa zuwa 30 t / h kuma ana samun daidaito mai girma. A Agritechnica 60, da AirSep SEPARATOR aka gabatar a kan SV 2013 2-jere trailed masu girbi.
Na'urar kwaikwayo ta kan layi don sarrafa injin girbi da tarakta (CLAS Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, Harsewinkel, Jamus). Zaure 13, tsayawa B05.
A karon farko, na'urar kwaikwayo ta kan layi don injin girbi da tarakta daga CLAS yana ba da damar yin nuni da ƙarfi akan nunin kwamfuta gabaɗayan halayen injin ɗin ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban. Don haka, direbobin taraktoci da masu sarrafa injin za su iya horar da kansu cikin tsarin sadarwar kan layi a kwamfuta a cikin lokacinsu na kyauta daga aikin fage. Godiya ga irin wannan horarwa, ana iya amfani da ƙarfin fasaha na kayan aikin girbi da kyau daga kwanakin farko na girbi, kuma an rage yawan kurakurai da raguwa, wanda ke adana lokaci da farashi mai mahimmanci.
Mai ɗaukar hoto na telescopic tare da ƙwararrun ƙwanƙwasa Merlo Hybrid telehandler - Turbofarmer 40.7 Hybrid (Merlo SpA, Cervasca, Italiya). Zaure 6, tsayawa C15.
A karon farko a cikin aikin noma, akwai abin hawa haɗaɗɗen toshe, wanda a cikinsa za ku iya zaɓar tsakanin injin lantarki da na diesel. A cikin yanayin lantarki, mai ɗaukar kaya yana aiki da baturin lithium na 30 kWh - yana aiki a hankali kuma ba tare da hayaki ba, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da shi a cikin wuraren da aka rufe. A cikin yanayin gauraye, injin dizal mai saurin gaske yana samar da makamashi don sarrafa cokali mai yatsu kuma yana cajin baturi a lokaci guda. Ana samun ƙarin raguwar farashin samarwa ta hanyar yin cajin baturi daga ma'aunin wutar lantarki ko daga hasken rana.
AKHMAT: cikakken shigarwa mai sarrafa kansa na watsa bakan akan mai shimfida taki mai dumbin yawa (RAUCH Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH, Sinzheim, Jamus). Zaure 15, tsayawa D30.
Kuma kamfanin MSO Messtechnik und Ortung GmbH (Bad Münstereifel, Jamus). Zaure 17, tsayawa A26
AXMAT daga Rauch shine tsarin farko mai sarrafa kansa na farko a duniya don kimanta rarraba taki akan layi da daidaitawa ta atomatik na mai watsa taki gwargwadon nau'in taki da ƙayyadadden faɗin aiki. Yin amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin microwave da cikakken tsarin daidaitawar watsawa ta atomatik, ana samun ingantaccen rarraba taki. Ƙwaƙwalwar da ke jujjuyawa a kusa da diski mai yaduwa, sanye take da na'urori masu auna firikwensin microwave, yana gano bakan bakan ba tare da lamba ba. Tare da taimakon hopper mai juyawa da rami na dosing, ana daidaita shimfidawa ta atomatik daidai da ƙayyadadden nisa na aiki. A lokacin aiki, ana lura da tsarin yadawa akai-akai kuma, idan ya cancanta, wurin da taki ya buga diski mai yadawa yana daidaitawa ta atomatik. Sabuwar, cikakkiyar daidaitawar kai tsaye na mai watsa taki zuwa wani nisa na aiki, idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin daidaitawa na al'ada, yana ba da damar samun daidaito mafi girma, ba tare da gwada yaduwa a cikin filin ba.
Ikon sarrafawa ta atomatik yana ba da damar, lokacin canza takin mai magani ko canza yanayin yanayi, don daidaita na'ura ta atomatik zuwa faɗin aikin da aka bayar a ainihin lokacin (kan layi). Tsarin yana inganta ingantaccen amfani da taki, yana rage hayaki da farashin taki, kuma yana inganta tabbatar da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sakamakon farko na gwaji ta Cibiyar Faransa IRESTEA da ikon tabbatar da fa'idodin da aka ambata a sama na tsarin.