Karancin ma'aikata ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin masu noma a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Tun lokacin da aka lalata makarantar Soviet don horar da ƙwararrun masana'antu na masana'antu agro-masana'antu, tsarin ilimi bai iya ba da maye gurbin da ya dace ba. Kuma a yau, ana tilasta manajojin HR yin gasa a cikin ƙirƙira don jawo hankalin albarkatun ɗan adam mai kima.
A cikin yanayin kasuwa
A halin yanzu, masu daukar ma'aikata ne ke gasa a kan da'awarsu akan ma'aikata, ba akasin haka ba. Lokacin daukar ma'aikata, da kuma farashin kamfanoni don zaɓin su, yana ƙaruwa, kuma jawo hankalin 'yan takara ya zama mafi wahala da tsayi. Kamar yadda shugaban sashen labarai na HeadHunter (hh.ru) Kudu ya lura Ekaterina Nikiforova, Ana la'akari da ma'auni a matsayin al'ada mai dadi ga kasuwar aiki, wanda akwai 5-7,9 sake dawowa a kowane matsayi. Darajar wannan fihirisar da ke ƙasa 4 ta riga ta nuna ƙarancin ma'aikata.
A cikin 2023, an ƙididdige madaidaicin ƙimar ƙima a cikin sashin aikin gona a cikin Janairu da Maris - 3,4 ya dawo kowane guraben aiki. Koyaya, a cikin Afrilu ya fara raguwa kuma a ƙarshen Mayu ya ragu zuwa 2,8. Irin waɗannan canje-canjen sun faru ne saboda babban gasa tare da sauran filayen ƙwararru da ƙarancin ayyukan masu nema. Sauran dalilan sun hada da karancin kwararrun ma’aikata da kuma rashin farin jinin sana’ar noma baki daya.
Noma filin wasa ne mai matukar fa'ida inda masu daukar ma'aikata ke aika sabbin ayyuka da yawa kuma da gaske gasa ga masu nema. Bisa lafazin Ekaterina Nikiforova, A yau, kamfanonin noma galibi suna ba da aiki ga masana aikin gona, masana fasahar sarrafa hatsi da ƙwararrun kiwo. Hakanan akwai babban buƙatu ga wakilan ƙwararrun ma'aikata a cikin rukunin masana'antar agro-masana'antu, kuma tare da haɓaka aikin sarrafa kansa a cikin masana'antar, adadin guraben guraben ƙwararrun IT shima yana ƙaruwa.
«Golden" Frames
Kwararre a kan manufofin ma'aikata na Ƙungiyar Dankali da Kasuwancin Kayan lambu na Rasha (Ƙungiyar Dankali) Svetlana Sonina Sana'ar injiniyan ruwa tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan buƙata kuma cikin ƙarancin wadata. Ana samun ci gaba a kan dandamali na bayanai sau da yawa, amma 90% na su na kwararru ne daga wasu masana'antu. Amma a cikin aikin noma, irin waɗannan ma'aikatan sun cancanci nauyin su da zinari, kowace gona da ke yin ban ruwa tana buƙatar su.
Yana da wuya a sami masanin aikin gona, don haka kamfanoni, ko da tare da cikakken ma'aikata, yawanci ba sa ƙin yarda da kammala karatun jami'a. Babban Darakta na LLC "VALMIX" Valentin Kozlov yana ganin ya zama dole a samar da ajiyar ma'aikata, wanda kamfaninsa zai yi nan gaba kadan. Idan gona tana bukatar masana noma guda biyu, sai a dauki masu aikin noma uku, a bar daya daga cikinsu ya zama karami, wanda zai biya fiye da kimarsa. Yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa shekaru shida don mafari ya zama ƙwararru, kuma yana da kyau a ɗaga ƙwararrun ƙwararru da kanku, la'akari da cancantar sa na gaba.
Har ila yau, masana'antar tana da ƙarancin masu sarrafa injin, waɗanda a cewarsu Svetlana Sonina, yau dubban gidaje daga Kaliningrad zuwa Vladivostok suna buƙatar shi. Ƙayyadaddun sana'a na sana'a shine yanayin yanayi, amma kowa yana sha'awar ajiye irin wannan ma'aikaci, koda kuwa yana aiki watanni uku zuwa biyar a shekara. Valentin Kozlov ya bayyana karancin ma’aikatan injina ta hanyar rufe yawancin makarantu da makarantun fasaha da aka horar da su. Daga cikin waɗanda za a iya samu a yau a cikin samarwa, akwai mutane kaɗan ne kawai a ƙarƙashin shekaru 40. Kuma lokacin da ƙwararren ya bayyana wanda ke shirye ya yi aiki, suna murna da shi, suna ba da duk yanayi kuma suna taimakawa wajen girma da ƙwarewa.
Aiki don magance wannan matsala, kungiyar dankalin turawa tana ba da haɗin kai tare da cibiyoyi da yawa na ilimin sana'a na sakandare. Alal misali, GBPOU MO "Lukhovitsky Agro-Industrial College", wanda aka shugabanta Vyacheslav Smirnovyana horar da kwararrun injiniyoyi, direbobin tarakta da masu aikin gona na masana'antu. Masu karatunsa sun riga sun kasance suna da shekaru 18-19 suna karɓar haƙƙin abubuwan da suka dace kuma suna da babban matakin horo. Shugabannin kamfanonin da ke cikin kungiyar sun yarda su ba su aikin gona a gonakinsu kuma sun amince da fasahar zamani.
Daga makaranta
Rukunin masana'antar agro-masana'antu yana buƙatar ma'aikata don aikin da ba ya buƙatar ilimi da ƙwarewa na musamman. Ta hanyar ɗaukar irin waɗannan ma'aikata, zaku iya nemo ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun nan gaba kuma ku tsara ƙarin horon su. Muna, ba shakka, muna magana ne game da matasa: 'yan makaranta da dalibai.
Svetlana Sonina yayi magana game da gogewar da kamfanoni na kungiyar ke da shi wajen jawo yara 'yan makaranta, masu neman karatu da kananan dalibai don girbi tsaba na albasa da kuma rarraba kayan lambu. A cikin irin waɗannan abubuwan - ta hanyar yanke shawara na darektan cibiyar ilimi Alexei Zinoviev - GBPOU MO "N.T. Kozlov Kolomna Agrarian College" yana shiga cikin al'ada. Mutanen sun koyi abubuwan da suka dace na sana'a na masanin aikin gona kuma, ba shakka, suna karɓar ladan aikinsu. A gare su, wannan babbar dama ce don gwada hali da ƙwarewar sadarwa a cikin ƙungiyar manya.
Wannan ba ita ce shekarar farko da mambobin kungiyar dankalin turawa ke yin hadin gwiwa tare da kungiyar jama'a "Russian Student Teams". Suna aiki akai-akai tare da ofishin yanki a yankin Moscow, wanda ke jagorantar su Pavel Kovalev. Babban Darakta na LLC SPK mai suna Lenin Andrey Grachkovsky A bara ya kafa tarihi na gaske ta hanyar daukar ma'aikata 52 aiki a kasuwancinsa. Manajan Abokin Hulɗa na Lesnye Dali LLC Vitaly Shtopel Hakanan yana amfani da ƙwaƙƙwaran ɗalibi a gonaki don aikin yanayi.
Ƙungiyar Dmitrovskie Vegetables na kamfanoni, musamman JSC Agrofirma Bunyatino, kuma yana da kwarewa wajen jawo dalibai suyi aiki. Babban daraktan kamfanin Sergey Schukin ya aza harsashin samar da guraben aikin yi daga cikin masu sarrafa injin nan gaba. Kamfanin har ma ya wuce yankin kuma ya gayyaci mutane daga yankuna masu nisa, alal misali, daga Siberiya. Bisa lafazin Svetlana Sonina, rukunin kamfanoni na Malino sun bi wannan hanya.
Abin takaici, wakilan sababbin tsara ba koyaushe suna so su haɗa rayuwarsu tare da aikin gona ba. A cewar lura Valentina Kozlova, Sau da yawa matasa ba sa nuna sha’awar sana’ar noma da su da kansu suka zaɓa. Dalibai daga makarantun fasaha kusa da Moscow, inda ake horar da injiniyoyi, suna zuwa VALMIX LLC don yin aikin share fage. Lokacin da aka tambaye su abin da ya kawo su nan, wasu samari sun yi magana da gaskiya game da sha'awar su na samun maki a kan takardar neman ilimi. Ayyukan gaske a cikin yanayin kasuwancin noma na zamani, damar koyon wani abu da samun kuɗi ba a haɗa su cikin tsare-tsaren su ba.
A kan hanyar zuwa 'yanci
A kasarmu, al'adar jawo mutane masu yanke hukunci a cibiyoyin gyarawa zuwa aikin noma yana yaduwa. Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata Svetlana Sonina, Daga rukunin da ke cikin masana'antu, ana zaɓar mutane don yin aiki a cikin tsaftacewa, rarrabuwa ko kayan marufi. A lokaci guda kuma, ana samun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru a cikin waɗanda aka yanke wa hukuncin. Sannan gonaki suna da damar samun ƙwararren injiniya, masanin fasaha, direba, kanikanci, da sauransu.
JSC "Ozyory", wanda ke cikin rukunin Kamfanoni na Malino, yana shiga cikin aikin ma'aikatan gidan yari na Rasha. Ta kokarin shugaban kasa Sergey Pryamov Don ɗaukar wannan rukunin ma'aikata, an gina wani wuri na musamman a Cibiyar Tarayya, wacce ke aiki a matsayin cibiyar gyarawa. Dangane da ta'aziyya da kayan aiki, ana kiran shi mafi kyau a yankin Moscow. Lokacin ɗaukar waɗanda aka yanke wa hukunci aiki, suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar yanayin da zai ba su damar bayyana damarsu.
Lesnye Dali LLC ya kuma rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Ma'aikatar Fursunoni ta Tarayya ta Rasha na yankin Moscow, kuma yanzu ma'aikata sun zo nan daga sassa daban-daban na kasar. Don samar musu da gidaje, an saya da gyara wani ginin dakunan kwanan dalibai. Vitaly Shtopel ya yi imanin cewa shiga cikin masu laifi yana ba da damar magance matsalolin ma'aikata yadda ya kamata. Kuma idan aka sami kwararar ma'aikata akai-akai, zaku iya tsara ci gaban kamfani cikin aminci cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Bugu da ƙari, taimakon mutanen da suka yi tuntuɓe don ɗaukar hanyar gyara abu ne mai kyau.
A cikin mafi kyawun hadisai
Bai isa ya ba ma'aikaci tsayayyiyar aiki ba kuma yana tsammanin za a yi masa aiki. Svetlana Sonina Na tabbata cewa a ɓangaren kasuwancin, bayyanar sha'awa ga ma'aikatanta yakamata ya ɗauki takamaiman nau'ikan.
Alal misali, idan dalibai sun zo yin aiki, ya zama dole don samar musu da rayuwa mai kyau: gidaje masu dadi, abinci mai kyau. Nuna ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kuma a gabaɗaya Nunawa, haɗa su cikin al'adun kamfanoni. Amma, mafi mahimmanci, matasa ya kamata a dauki su nan da nan a karkashin reshe na gogaggen mashawarta, wanda ya riga ya yi aiki a cikin sha'anin, yana da matukar kyawawa don farfado da ma'aikata na jagoranci a cikin gaskiya nau'i, kamar yadda yake a zamanin Soviet.
Ma'aikata na zamani suna ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin ma'aikata tare da albashi mai kyau. Ekaterina Nikiforovа tabbatar da wannan tare da bayanai daga gidan yanar gizon hh.ru. A cikin Rasha gaba ɗaya, matsakaicin albashin da aka bayar a watan Mayu na wannan shekara shine kusan 70 dubu rubles ga masanin aikin gona (19% fiye da na 2021), 68 dubu rubles ga masanin fasaha, 61 dubu rubles ga makaniki, 65 dubu . - ga ƙwararren dabbobi, 58 dubu rubles - ga likitan dabbobi.
A kan kwarewata a matsayin mai sarrafa Valentin Kozlov gamsu da cewa kara albashi don jawo hankalin sababbin ma'aikata da kuma rike ma'aikata bai isa ba. Sabili da haka, VALMIX LLC yana aiwatar da tsarin ƙarfafawa wanda ke ba da damar mutanen da suke so da sanin yadda ake samun kuɗi mai kyau. A nan ma, dole ne mu juya zuwa tsohuwar al'adar Soviet, lokacin da aka ba wa shugabannin albashin da ake kira 13th albashi a karshen shekara. A cikin yanayi na zamani, mai kasuwanci zai iya ba wa ma'aikata mafi kyawun kyauta tare da kari. Girman su ya kamata ya wuce matsakaicin albashi, idan zai yiwu sau da yawa, ta yadda mai karɓa ya fahimci mahimmancinsa kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya tabbatar da amana.
Vitaly Shtopel Na tabbata cewa ana buƙatar manufofin zamantakewa da aka yi tunani a hankali don jawo hankalin albarkatun ɗan adam. Hukumomin Lesnye Dali sun yanke shawarar siya da sake gina wani dakunan kwanan dalibai, wanda zai samar da kusan dozin guda-biyu gidaje ga ma'aikata na gaba. Haka kuma ana shirin aiwatar da aikin gina katafaren gida na gidaje 15 masu kyau tare da filayen gidaje don aiwatarwa. Ƙarshen gidaje ya kamata ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun matasa waɗanda suka yi nasarar fara iyalai daga yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar.
Daga masu sauraro zuwa fage
Ekaterina Nikiforova ya ce, tun daga farkon shekarar nan, kamfanonin kasar Rasha da ke da alaka da aikin noma sun sanya guraben aiki sama da dubu 48 a kan hh.ru. Wannan shine kusan kashi uku (+28%) fiye da na 2022, kuma 51% fiye da na 2021. An rubuta mafi girma bukatar sababbin ma'aikata a Moscow (9% na guraben aiki), Krasnodar Territory (8%) da yankin Voronezh (6%). A lokaci guda, adadin masu nema, akasin haka, yana nuna mummunan tasiri. Don haka, daga Janairu zuwa Mayu a cikin 2021, masu daukar ma'aikata sun buga kusan guraben aikin gona 1,1, kuma a cikin wannan lokacin a cikin 2023 akwai sama da dubu 2.
Mummunan aibi Valentin Kozlov ya kira mayar da hankali ga tsarin ilimi mai zurfi na kasa akan ba da takardun shaida ga masu ilimin tunani, ba a kan horar da kwararru ba. A ra'ayinsa, tushen matsalolin samar da kayayyaki suna cikin iliminmu, wanda ya ɓace kusan shekaru 30-40 da suka wuce. Sakamakon haka, matakinsa ya fado daga matakin duniya zuwa matsakaicin matsayi.
Maganin matsalar Svetlana Sonina yana ganin aiwatar da manufar ilimi da shugaban kungiyar dankalin turawa, Janar Darakta na Malino JSC ya gabatar Sergei Lupekhin. Tunanin yana ɗaukar fifikon aiki akan ka'idar, sake tsara jadawalin karatu ta yadda ɗalibai masu shekaru uku da huɗu ke ciyar da kashi 60% na lokacin karatunsu a masana'antu maimakon a ajujuwa. Dalibai a fannonin horar da “Agronomy”, “Agrochemistry”, “Agricultural Engineering” da dai sauransu yakamata su sami damar sanin injinan noma a jami’a da kuma samun ‘yancin sarrafa su.
Shirin ya sami goyon bayan abokan tarayya na Union - Cibiyar Agrobiotechnologies na Timiryazev Academy da Tula State Pedagogical University mai suna bayan L. N. Tolstoy. Alal misali, ta hanyar yanke shawara na rector na Tula Pedagogical University Konstantin Podrezov, daga Satumba 1, 2023, na uku da hudu shekara dalibai na Faculty of Natural Sciences, yankunan horo "Agronomy", "Biology", "Biotechnology", "Biotechnology". da Faculty of Technology da Business, yankunan horo "Vehicle Service", "Tsarin fasaha a agribusiness", za su fara horo a Bogoroditsky Alliance LLC a kan 50/50 jadawalin (50% na horo lokaci a aikace, 50% a karatu).
Kayan aikin horo mai tasiri Svetlana Sonina yayi la'akari da aikin tarayya "Sana'a", a cikin tsarin da JSC "Ozyory" da Kolomna Agricultural College, tare da sauran mahalarta gina wani ilimi da kuma samar da "Agrocluster" a cikin Moscow yankin. Daliban da ke ciki suna girma akan mafi kyawun kayan ilimi - shiga cikin ayyukan samarwa na agribusiness.
Irina Berg