Alexey Egorov, Shugaban Kayayyakin Kariyar Shuke-shuke, Kamfanin Agrotrade
Ina so in fara labarin a cikin taken kaka da jaridar tare da taya murna ga daukacin masu samar da kayan gona a ranar Ma'aikatar Noma da cin nasarar aikin gona. Lokaci na 2018 ya zama na musamman, tare da halaye da wahala. Za muyi magana game da su, har ma da hanyoyin magance matsaloli a wannan kayan.
KUNGIYAR RUFE: RAGE KASHE DA CUTUTTUKA GABA
Kamar yadda kuke tunawa, lokacin bazara 2018 ya zama bushe da sanyi, wanda ya haifar da jinkirin tsire-tsire, jinkirin girma da ci gaban dankali. Bugu da kari, yayin sanya ido kan dasa-kashen abokan huldar mu, a ko ina munyi rubuce-rubucen kayen Rhizoctonia solani - duka a yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Rasha, da Tsakiya, da Kudu, da kuma Urals. Muna jaddada cewa yaduwar cutar ta samo asali ne daga wasu dalilai masu sarkakiya, wadanda suka hada da lalata kayan iri, yanayin yanayi, rashin juyawar amfanin gona da kuma aiki tare da ragowar amfanin gona na amfanin gona na baya.
Kamar yadda kuka sani, don bazuwar amfanin gona sharan gona wasu yanayi sun zama dole: kasancewar danshi, microorganisms, nitrogen kyauta. Ta hanyar fasaha, an warware matsalar ta hanyar magance gonar da aka girbe tare da tankin tanki na nau'ikan ruwa na nitrogen da shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da trichodermin (Trichoderma harzianum). Abubuwan ƙwayoyi na ƙwayoyi sun dogara da ƙirƙirar da aka zaɓa ko takamaiman masana'antun. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan aikin ba kawai a cikin kaka ba, har ma a lokacin bazara lokacin aiki tare da tururi mai tsabta ko kafin dasa shukokin koren taki a cikin ƙasa.
Yadda za a magance ƙwayar cuta da kamuwa da ƙasa? Hanyar duniya ba ta wanzu, ba duk gonaki ne ke da damar shirya jujin amfanin gona na 4-5 ba, don siyan tsaba na reproduan girma kawai. Amma zamu iya bayar da shawarar cewa manoma sun hada da nau'i-nau'i (ta amfani da kayan masarufi ko kayan girke-girke) a cikin tsarin aikin gona, da haɓaka tsarin kariya na tsirrai ɗaya wanda ya haɗa duka shirye-shiryen sunadarai da abubuwan halitta. Kuma hakika, biya kulawa ta musamman ga ingancin tsaba da aka saya.
Amfani mai kyau na samfurori don maganin ƙwayoyi da ƙasan furrow yayin dasawa zasu ba ku damar magance nagarta da ƙwayar cuta, kuma cakuda fasahohin dabarun gona da aka bayyana a sama zasu rage nauyin da ke tattare da shuka.
A TAFE: YAKI DA CUTUTUKA DA KUDI
Shuwanin dankalin turawa da girbi a wannan shekara ya faru kusan a cikin ƙasar a cikin bushewa da yanayin zafi tare da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci, wanda bai hana ci gaban yanayin bazara da yanayin ba: bayyanar su a cikin filayen ba su da mahimmanci kamar a kakar 2017, amma tasirinsu mara kyau cutar lalle ne ya kasance. Abinda ya shafi yawancin gidaje waɗanda ke aiki akan "alamun" cutar, ba kan tsarin da aka riga aka tsara ba. Jinkirtawa cikin aiki na kwanaki 1-2 ya haifar da asara a duka adadi da ingancin amfanin gona. Sakamakon guda ɗaya ya faru ne ta hanyar magani tare da ƙididdigar ƙwayoyi marasa ƙima, kurakurai a zaɓi na samfuran da ƙayyade matsayin su a cikin tsarin kariya na shuka. Misali da yawa gonaki, alal misali, “sami ceto” kan jiyya ta ƙarshe ta shuka a ranar girbi.
A halin yanzu, magani na ƙarshe tare da shiri mai dauke da fluazinam, haɗe shi tare da lalata ko kuma bayan an cire shi ta saman inji, yana da mahimmiyar rawa wajen samun samfur mai inganci, yana ba da damar rage matakin sake kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka tare da cutar fungal a ƙasa yayin girbi da lokacin ajiya.
Dangane da karuwar bukatun kasuwa don ingancin dankalin turawa, ɗayan manyan wuraren shine yaƙi da kwari da ƙasa ke ɗauka, musamman, tsutsa na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa ko wireworm. Ba a iya magance wannan matsalar ba, musamman a gonaki waɗanda ke tsiro dankali bisa ga magabata na asali, inda ake amfani da ƙaramin fasahar girbi lokacin noma.
Matsalar wireworm (da sauran kwarin kwari) koyaushe ana tsananta ta ta hanyar gwajin masu kera amfanin gona ta hanyar amfani da maganin kwari da na kwari na ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Sakamakon wannan "dabarar kirkirar" yana da sauƙin hango hangen nesa - ƙananan kasuwancin dankali. Kodayake sakamakon zai iya zama mafi tsanani: ƙananan ƙwayoyi suna haifar da fitowar yawancin kwari waɗanda ke da tsayayya ga abu mai aiki na samfuran da aka yi amfani da su.
Na dabam, Ina so in zauna a kan batun nematodes: kuma sau da yawa dole ne mu magance wannan kwaro. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin shine keɓance wuraren da cutar ta keɓance: ban da yankuna daga juyawar amfanin gona dankalin turawa na wasu shekaru. Wata hanya ta daban don amfani da nematicides, musamman, magungunan Nematofagin, wanda Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Virology da Biotechnology "Vector" ta haɓaka. Shirye-shiryen ya dogara ne akan ƙwayoyin naman gwari na nematophagous. A cewar masu haɓaka, Nematofagin ya dace da kayayyakin maganin iri - Albit da Trichodermin. Ci gaban yana da ban sha'awa ƙwarai, tare da tabbatar da dacewa tare da kayan kwari na kwari, ana iya amfani dashi don gabatarwa cikin ƙasa lokacin dasa dankali.
KUMA KYAU KA SAME tsarin
A cikin labaran da suka gabata, an ambace shi akai-akai cewa asirin nasarar dankalin turawa ya dogara ne akan riko da fasaha da ingantacciyar riko da tsarin kariya na shuka.
Yana da kyau a san cewa ba a kirkiro irin wannan tsarin ba tsawon ƙarni, dole ne a daidaita shi kowace shekara don la'akari da sababbin yanayi: canje-canje a cikin saitin cututtuka, gabatarwar ƙarin samfurori masu tasowa akan kasuwa don hana juriya ga wani abu mai aiki, lokacin canza ƙwarewar kasuwancin. Idan tattalin arzikin ya sauya zuwa samar da dankali da ya dace da wanki, ƙimar ingancin yana ƙaruwa sosai. Babu shakka, tsarin samfuran cikin tsarin aiki dole ne ya canza.
Muna muku fatan alkairi da amfani. Kuma babban girbi na kaka mai zuwa!