Sayar da amfanin gona akan farashi mai kyau ba ƙarancin wahalar shi ba ne. Zai yiwu har ma fiye, saboda babu shirye-shiryen shirye shirye na duniya a cikin wannan lamarin. Tabbatar da wannan shine ƙarshen lokacin 2017/18, watannin ƙarshe waɗanda ba kwata-kwata ba kamar yadda ake tsammani ba.
DAGA CIKIN GASKIYA
Kaka ta 2017 ta kawo kyakkyawan fata ga masu noman dankalin turawa. Lokacin yana da ƙalubale kuma girbi bai kai na shekarun rikodin da suka gabata ba. Yanayin ya dace da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da aka daɗe ana jira. Bugu da kari, manazarta, ‘yan jarida da jami’ai sun“ dumi ”yanayin (sun tuna da rahoton na Rukunin Lissafi, bisa ga yadda wadatar kai ta Tarayyar Rasha a cikin dankali a shekarar 2017 ya kai kashi 90,7%, tare da darajar mashigar da Doctrine na Tsaron Abinci na Tarayyar Rasha a kalla 95%). Daga dukkan wuraren tsayawa suna busawa: "Ingancin dankali ya yi karanci, har zuwa ƙarshen kakar ba zai isa ba, farashi zai haɓaka da ƙarfi ..." Farashin farashi sun tashi, a farkon bazara akwai ma lokacin da kusan ba zai yuwu a yarda da samar da babban tsari ba, masana'antun suna jiran ƙarin abubuwa masu fa'ida.
Sannan kuma sabon amfanin gona dankali daga Misira ya shiga Rasha. Ya shiga ciki: a watan Fabrairu, an sayi tan 30 na kayayyaki (a cikin 545, a lokaci guda - tan 2017, sau 765 ƙasa!), A watan Maris yawan sayayya ya wuce tan dubu 40, a cikin Afrilu
wani an sa ƙafa 117. Wannan adadin samfurin da aka shigo da shi a cikin bazara - a zahiri, a tsawan tallan dankalin turawa na cikin gida - bai kasance a Rasha ba.
Dankalin Misira ya mamaye dukkan ɗakunan ajiya a cikin shaguna, kuma manyan sarƙoƙi na sayarwa sun iyakance ƙwarai (a zahiri, an soke su) sayan dankalin cikin gida na ajin "tattalin arziƙi" (wanda ba a wanke ba), suna jayayya da shawarar da suka yanke don samarwa masu siye da kaya mafi kyau (karanta: shigo da su).
A lokaci guda, kamar yadda Babban Daraktan kungiyar Dankali ta Tarayyar Rasha Alexei Krasilnikov ya bayyana, cibiyoyin ba za su iya jimre da wadatar kayayyaki ba kuma, yayin da suka cika alkawurran kwangila ga masu samar da kayan masarufi, an tilasta musu su bayar da wani yanki na dankali don sayar wa masu noman dankalin Russia. Manoma sun mamaye samfurin akan kayan aikin su kuma suka aika don sarrafawa da siyarwa ta hanyar tashoshin kansu.
Ba a rage yanayin ba ta hanyar shigar da Rosselkhoznadzor, wanda ya dakatar da samar da dankalin turawa daga yankuna takwas na Masar tun daga tsakiyar Maris saboda gano kwayar cutar Pseudomonas (Ralstonia) solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. An ɗaga haramcin ne kawai a farkon watan Yuni.
Ya zuwa watan Afrilu, kasuwar ta durkushe, farashin kayayyaki ya fadi da 4050%, sharuɗɗan tallace-tallace sun tsawaita ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu. Da yawa daga cikin gidaje na Rasha ba za su iya yin wani muhimmin yanki na girbin su ba. Idan kayi nazarin bayanai kan ragowar dankalin Turawa a yankuna a ƙarshen Mayu da Yuni, lambobin suna da ban mamaki. Kimanin tan dubu 130,5 na dankali ya juya ya bayyana a watan Yuni.
Yankunan "tsirar dankalin Turawa da aka bunƙasa" sun sha wahala fiye da sauran: waɗanda aka samar da ingantacciyar samfuran ana ba su da shagunan kayan lambu na zamani zuwa mafi girma. Manoma suna cikin ja, da yawa basu da isassun kudaden da zasu sayi sabbin lokacin da ake bukata, ana amfani da wani ɓangaren dankalin turawa da ba a girka ba kamar iri.
Hakanan hanyoyin sadarwar ciniki ba su sami ribar da ake so ba. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa yawancin kifin dankali na Rasha sun kasance a kasuwa, an riga an rage farashin shigo da kayayyaki a watan Fabrairu daga ango 60 na fara / kg zuwa cents 33-36. A wannan matakin, farashin ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen wadatar.
Buarshen mai siye na ƙarshe ne kawai ya ci nasara, ko da yake a gaskiya mutane sun rasa 'yancin zaɓin kaya: ba shi yiwuwa a sayi dankalin Turawa da aka yi araha mai araha a cikin shagunan.
An yada lamarin sosai a kafafen yada labarai.
WANE NE GASKIYA?
Abin baƙin ciki, masu gyara ba su sami damar yin tsokaci ba game da wannan batun daga wakilan sarkar dillalai, don haka kawai zamu iya tsammani ta yaya kuma me yasa aka yanke shawarar game da sayan dankali da aka shigo da shi.
Tabbas ne kawai cewa an kawo ƙarshen ƙaddamar da wadatar ba daga ƙarshe ba Disamba 2017: farawa na farko na dankali na Masar ya isa kan shelves har zuwa farkon Janairu (kuma galibi ana shigo da dankalin farko daga tsakiyar Fabrairu).
Sakamakon haka, ba a aika da kira ga masu ba da kayan waje ba saboda ainihin matsalolin da ke tattare da ingancin kayan cikin gida.
Wataƙila farashi mai ƙanƙani don dankali na Masar ya zama mai haɓaka aikin (akwai jita-jita a cikin kasuwar cewa da farko ya kamata a aika da yawa zuwa Jamus, amma sayan bai faru ba, kuma an miƙa kaya ga masu siyen Rasha a ragi mai yawa).
Duk wannan ana iya danganta shi da daidaituwa. Amma rikicin da manoma suka fada a ƙarshen bara yana da dalilai masu zurfi.
Don farawa, sarkar ma'ana "dankali na Rasha a cikin bazara = samfurin ƙarancin inganci" ya zama ba mahimmanci a yau. Tabbas, akwai, akwai, kuma tabbas tabbas koyaushe zai zama misalai na ƙoƙarin sayar da kayan ƙazanta akan kasuwa. Amma gaba ɗaya, gonakin Rasha (yawancin waɗanda ke aiki tare da cibiyoyin sadarwa) sun sami damar adana dankali.
Bari mu ba da misali mai kyau: a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, a dandalin aikin gona "Dankali da kayan lambu", wanda aka shirya ta hanyar gudanar da aikin gona "Dmitrovskie Kayan lambu" tare da tallafin ofungiyar Dankali ta Tarayyar Rasha, an yi Sadarwar Sadarwa, wanda ya sami halartar wakilan manyan sarƙoƙi da yawa A yayin wannan taron, an nemi mahalarta taron su tantance "a wani kallo" wanne ne daga cikin kwantenan guda uku da ke dauke da dankalin da aka shigo da shi daga noman 2018, kuma wadanne ne na gida, wanda aka bunkasa a shekarar 2017 da 2018. Masanan sun gano samfurin da aka shigo da shi ta hanyar takamaiman fasalin tubers. Amma game da na gida, tattaunawa ta tashi: gabatar da dankalin a cikin kwantenan biyu ba shi da kyau, "tsoho" bai fi na yara kyau ba, kuma wannan ya kasance a tsakiyar watan Agusta!
Mu kuma tuna cewa samar da wuraren adana abubuwa a cikin kasar a farkon 2016 ya kai 74%. Af, a cewar masana, halin da ake ciki a kasuwar dankalin a daminar shekarar 2018 babban sakamako ne kai tsaye na nasarar aiwatar da shirin jihar don tallafawa gina da sake gina kayayyakin lambu da dankalin turawa. Kamfanonin Rasha sun taka rawa a ciki, suna fatan iya siyar da dankali a cikin mafi karancin lokaci.
A yau a kasar isasshen masana'antu zasu iya ba da dankali mai inganci har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, amma ya juya cewa babu wanda yake buƙatarta. Babu buƙatar yin magana game da saurin biyan kuɗi na ayyukan ajiya masu tsada, saurin dawo da kudaden bashi don la'akari da sakamakon kakar.
Kamar yadda shugaban Dmitrovsky Ovoshchi agroholding, Sergey Filippov, bayanin kula, masu samar da dankalin turawa na Rasha (tare da tallafin jihohi) suna shirye a cikin shekaru masu zuwa don isa ga matakin da kasar zata iya yi ba tare da sayan dankalin turawa da wuri ba.
A gefe guda, a cikin aikin gona ba zai yiwu a kawar da tasirin abubuwan yanayi. A cewar Filippov, masana'antun aikin gona har zuwa lokacin kammala girbin basu da bayanai game da nawa zasu karɓi samfuran kuma wane irin inganci. Tare da wannan a zuciya, yana da wuya a tabbatar da wani abu ga sarkar dillalai.
kuma me zaiyi?
Daga mahangar masana, ya kamata bangarorin su koyi yin sulhu. A cewar Svetlana Belova, mataimakiyar darekta ta kungiyar 'Ya'yan itaciya da kayan lambu ta kasa, daidai ne rashin fahimta da aka samu a tsakanin masu kera kayan gona da kuma sarkar dillalai, gami da rashin ingantaccen bayani kan kasuwar da ya haifar da irin wannan mummunan sakamako.
Kamfanonin masana'antu su zama ƙasa buɗe, kuma an riga an ɗauki wasu matakai ta wannan hanyar. A yanzu haka, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, tare da ƙungiyoyin masana'antu, suna haɓaka tsarin dandamali wanda akan duk bayanai game da adadin da ingancin samfuran kayan aikin gona a takamaiman gonaki, farashin siyar da ake so, da kuma yiwuwar jigilar kayayyaki. Za'a tsara wannan bayanan don taimakawa cibiyoyin sadarwa don gina manufofin siyarwa wanda ke yin la'akari da bukatun duk bangarorin. Zai yi wuya a faɗi abin da zai faru da wannan a aikace. Har yanzu ba a bincika hanyar sosai kuma yana yin tambayoyi da yawa.
Aleksey Krasilnikov ya nanata cewa bayanan da aka gabatar da za a wallafa su ne sirrin kasuwanci, kuma ba kowane gona bane a shirye don irin wannan talla. Amma Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na Tarayyar Rasha yana haɓaka zaɓuɓɓuka don algorithms na sha'awar masu samar da aikin gona a cikin samar da wannan bayanin.
Koyaya, masana harkar noma da kansu sun nuna shakku kan cewa sarƙoƙin tallace-tallace a wannan matakin a shirye suke da gaske don ganin su a matsayin abokan haɗin kai, saurari ra'ayin su da yin sassauci. Kai tsaye, sarkokin da kansu ne suka tabbatar da shakkunsu: misali, a karshen watan Agusta, kamfanin sayar da kayan abinci mai yawa na Rasha X5 Retail Group, wanda ya hada da irin sarkokin kamar Pyaterochka, Perekrestok da Karusel, sun sanar da manema labarai game da shirinta na karawa yawan shigo da kaya daga 3% zuwa 10%. A cewar Igor Shekhterman, Shugaba na kamfanin X5, "shigo da kayayyaki kai tsaye zai inganta yanayin sayayya, inganta ingancin kayayyaki da rage kasadar katsewar samar da kayayyaki."
Ana kan hanyar neman sauran hanyoyin kafa hadin gwiwa;
A halin yanzu, za a iya lura da cewa tattaunawa kan halin da ake ciki da kuma sakamakonsa da wuya ya haifar da takunkumi mai tsanani kan shigo da kaya. Su kansu manoma ba su da sha'awar wannan. Kamar yadda Sergey Filippov ya bayyana, "duk wani haramci ba kasuwa bane."
Amma a lokaci guda, wakilan masana'antu suna fatan cewa sarkar dillalai ba za ta maimaita kwarewar kakar wasan da ta gabata ba, kuma suna dogaro da jihar don kula da yanayin a koyaushe. A cewar Aleksey Krasilnikov, al'adar idan cibiyar sadarwa ta rarraba a matsayin mai shigo da kayayyaki tana haifar da kunkuntar dangantakar kasuwa kuma ya kamata ta kasance mai kula da ayyukan antimonopoly.
Amma ga shawarwari ga takamaiman masana'antun, yana da wuya a kira su ba tsammani. Matsayin Kungiyar Dankali a kan wannan lamari ya kasance bai canza ba tsawon shekaru: kamfanonin masana'antu ya kamata su mayar da hankali sosai ga ingancin samfurin da aka shuka kuma suyi la'akari da yuwuwar wadatar da gonaki tare da layi don shirin sayarwa da sarrafa dankali, tunda makomar masana'antar babu shakka mallakar waɗannan yankuna.
Bugu da ƙari, zaɓin dabarun kasuwanci don kowane takamaiman shekara, kamar baya, ya kasance tare da kasuwancin kansa.