Babu irin wannan farashin dankali a Rasha na dogon lokaci. Da dadewa cewa batun tashin farashin kayayyaki ya kasance mai zafi ga yawancin kafofin watsa labarai tun faduwar. Ko da yake, yin hukunci da gaske, karuwar farashi bai sa dankali ba zai iya isa ba ko ma kawai samfurin tsada. Amma a karon farko a cikin akalla shekaru biyar, masana'antun da yawa sun sami damar yin numfashi kadan cikin 'yanci. Gaskiya, rashin alheri, ba ga kowa ba.
Bugu da ƙari a kuɗin da aka rage
Kamar yadda Sergei Filippov, shugaban kamfanin noma na Moscow Dmitrov kayan lambu, bayanin kula, 2020 ba shekarar dankalin turawa ba ce ga kasuwancinsa: “Akwai yankuna a kasar da fari ya shafa, amma ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye mu. Karancin girbin dankalin turawa a kamfaninmu ya kai daga kashi 40 zuwa 50 na adadin da aka tsara.”
A cikin duka, a cikin Tarayyar Rasha (a cikin masana'antu), bisa ga bayanan hukuma, an girbe tan miliyan 6,6 na dankali, wanda kusan tan miliyan kasa da shekara guda a baya.
Bala'i na yanayi yana da tasiri mai girma ba kawai akan yawan ba, har ma da girman samfurin: a cikin gonaki da yawa, wani muhimmin sashi na girbi ya kasance da dankali mai juzu'i 35+ (ƙananan don siyarwa ta hanyar sarƙoƙi).
Dankali ajin tattalin arziki
Matsalar ta bayyana a cikin watan Satumba. Manyan kamfanonin noma (kuma ga wasu daga cikinsu adadin kananan dankali ya kai kashi 50% na girbi) sun fuskanci barazanar rashin cika kwangiloli kuma sun yi kokarin samun mafita: sun ba da shawarar cewa dillalai - domin kauce wa ƙarancin dankali a kan ɗakunan ajiya - rage abubuwan da ake buƙata don wannan siga, yana nufin GOST na yanzu don dankalin abinci, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙaramin adadin tubers wanda ya dace da siyar da nau'in zagaye shine 35 mm, don nau'in oval - 30 mm. Masu sana'ar noma sun so ba da shaguna tare da dankalin da ba a daidaita ba (ciki har da kanana) a cikin tarun mai nauyin kilogiram 2,5 kuma suna shirye don yin rangwame kan farashin waɗannan samfuran.
Ya zuwa watan Disamba, lokacin da aka riga aka tayar da batun farashin kayan masarufi a matakin gwamnati, kungiyar dankalin turawa ta gabatar da wannan shawara don tattaunawa ga ma’aikatar noma, kuma sashen ya goyi bayan shirin. Gaskiya ne, ba a taɓa yanke shawara gabaɗaya ba.
Sergey Filippov ya ce "Kamfanin mu ya yi nasarar yarda da wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa kan samar da dankalin turawa na 45+, tare da wasu - 50+," in ji Sergey Filippov, "amma waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin sirri ne, da aka yi niyya waɗanda ba su shafi masana'antar ba."
"A daya bangaren kuma," in ji shugaban Kamfanin Dmitrov Vegetables Group of Companies, "yanzu wannan bai dace ba, ba ma ganin manyan kayayyaki na 35...45+ a kasuwa."
A sakamakon haka, an sayar da ƙananan dankalin ta hanyar wasu tashoshi, ana ƙetare sarƙoƙi na tallace-tallace, wani ɓangare na zubar da su, kuma masu sana'a sun ƙara yawan asarar da aka yi a cikin jimlar farashin samarwa. Ko da yake ko da ba tare da su ba, farashin dankali ya fi girma.
farashi mai kyau
A tsakiyar Fabrairu, lokacin da aka shirya wannan kayan, farashin dankalin dankali (dangane da yankin da ingancin samfurin) ya kai daga 15 zuwa 22 rubles / kg. Wannan babban matakin ne, idan kun tuna cewa a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata yawancin jigilar kayayyaki sun kai 6-8 rubles / kg. Vladimir Denisov, babban darektan kamfanin Scorpion na Samara ya ce: “Mutumin da ba shi da hankali zai iya jin cewa masu sana’ar noma suna tara kuɗi a wannan shekara, “hakika, kafin wannan shekarar, mun yi hasarar da yawa na shekaru da yawa a jere. Ba na ma yanke hukuncin cewa hauhawar farashin dankalin turawa a bana ya samo asali ne sakamakon hakurin masu noman dankalin turawa ya kare: a wani lokaci, mutane sun yanke shawarar cewa suna bukatar samun riba ko kuma su yi watsi da noman noman gaba daya.”
Vladimir Denisov ya ci gaba da cewa: "Farashin tallace-tallace na dankalin turawa yana farawa daga 12 rubles / kg, kuma idan muna magana ne game da samfurin da ya dace da bukatun cibiyar sadarwa (caliber 55+), to 15 rubles / kg bai isa ba, gonakin yana da irin waɗannan samfurori , a matsayin mai mulkin, ba fiye da 40% ba, sauran dole ne a jefar da su. Anan, 20 rubles/kg ya riga ya zama farashin da ya dace da ma'amala da dankali.
Irin wannan ra'ayi ne aka raba da shugaban na Bryansk dankalin turawa, masana'antu (manoman gona Dovgalev M.M.) Mikhail Dovgalev. Ya lura cewa farashin dankalin turawa a gonarsa a ƙarshen hunturu shine 15-16 rubles / kg (la'akari da karuwar farashin ajiya kowane wata), don haka matsakaicin farashin siyarwa (22 rubles / kg) ba za a iya la'akari da rashin hankali ba.
Za a sami riba?
Ya yi da wuri don taƙaita sakamakon kakar wasa, amma duk da haka, tsammanin cewa farashin yana kula da haɓakar haɓakarsu a duk lokacin bazara, yawancin masu shuka dankalin turawa za su sami kudin shiga mai kyau. Ko kawai damar da za a "faci ramuka a cikin kasafin kudin"?
Vladimir Denisov ya yi imanin cewa yana da wuya a yi magana game da babban riba na masana'antu: "Idan muka tattauna sakamakon kudi a cikin kasuwancin dankalin turawa, kwanan nan, hudu daga cikin shekaru biyar sun zama kasawa ga mutane da yawa. Farashin dankalin turawa ya yi ƙasa, kuma gonaki suna buƙatar ci gaba da aiki; dole ne su saka hannun jari a cikin iri, samfuran kariya na shuka, da kayan gyara. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarar waɗannan kudade ya karu a kowace shekara, saboda farashin "kayan amfani" kai tsaye ya dogara da farashin musayar. Mun tsira da ranmu a kan lamuni, kuma a yau matakin basussuka a harkar noma ya yi yawa.”
Nasarar da aka samu a wannan shekara, a cewar Denisov, zai ba manoma damar sassauta yanayin kadan, "don sauka daga wuka kadan kadan."
Viktor Solenkov, mataimakin babban darektan Tambov Vesta gona, ya dubi halin da ake ciki a dan karin fata: "Hakika, ribar da kayan lambu girma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ba sosai high. Na dogon lokaci, ba za mu iya kula da aikin gona kawai ba, amma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, za mu iya fara sabunta kayan aiki da gina wuraren ajiyar kaya."
Duk da haka, da yawa har yanzu na iya canzawa. "Muna cikin tsarin tsarin jari-hujja," in ji Viktor Solenkov. Idan suka sayi dankalin turawa mai yawa daga kasashen waje, farashin zai fadi kuma babu wanda zai iya taimaka mana.”
Kuma tunani game da makomar nan da nan ya juya zuwa tattaunawa game da makomar sabuwar kakar, wanda ke haifar da damuwa ga kowa da kowa.
A jajibirin sabuwar kakar
"Yanayin wannan shekara yana da ban tsoro," in ji Viktor Solenkov, "mun lura da karuwar bukatar iri a kasuwa, kuma akwai jin cewa yawan masu noman dankalin turawa zai karu sosai nan gaba. Za a sami mutane da yawa waɗanda, bisa ga farashin yanzu, za su ce: "Oh, me yasa ban san yadda ake shuka dankali ba?"
"A bara," in ji shi, "a yankinmu, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin dankali ya ragu da kashi 34%, yanayin ya yi nisa da busassun girbi. Sakamakon shine ƙarancin ƙarancin dankali a yankin kuma farashin siye shine 15-20 rubles / kg. A gefe guda, suna sa mu farin ciki sosai, a daya bangaren kuma, suna jawo sabbin 'yan wasa zuwa kasuwa. Idan yanayin yanayi ya dan fi dacewa a kakar wasa mai zuwa, za mu sake fuskantar matsalar yawan noma.”
Sergei Filippov kuma ya yi imanin cewa yankin dankali a cikin sabon kakar, a kalla, ba za a rage ba: "Masu samarwa da yankuna daban-daban sun sami kuɗi mai kyau a wannan shekara kuma ba za su rage shuka ba. Su ma wadanda ba su samu kudi ba, ba su yi shirin rage yawan kayayyakin da ake nomawa ba.”
"An daɗe da sanin cewa idan dankali yana cikin farashi a wannan shekara, bai kamata ku yi wasa da su a shekara mai zuwa ba," in ji Vladimir Denisov. – Mun riga mun shiga cikin wannan sau da yawa. Mutane suna ruga a hanya guda da fatan samun riba mai sauri, sannan su huce su bar kasuwa. Muna buƙatar yin aiki bisa tsari, haɓaka nau'ikan samfuran shida, bakwai ko takwas, waɗanda rabinsu koyaushe suna da farashi mai kyau, sauran rabin kuma suna da ƙarancin farashi. Ta haka ne harkar noma za ta samu daidaito.”
Amma wasu hanyoyin da za a karfafa kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki kuma suna yiwuwa: alal misali, samar da albarkatun kasa don sarrafawa. Viktor Solenkov ya yi la'akari da wannan shugabanci a matsayin mai ban sha'awa: "Mun yi girma da albasarta don Belaya Dacha Traating shekaru biyar yanzu, farashin ya kasance iri ɗaya duk wannan lokacin, kuma hakan ya dace da mu. Tabbas, a kan lokaci, riba yana raguwa kaɗan, amma muna da cikakkiyar ra'ayi game da abin da za mu samu a ƙarshe. Idan muka girma ta amfani da fasahar zamani, tare da ban ruwa, farashin ba ya bambanta da yawa, kuma muna da inshora daga hadarurruka na kasuwa. Ba da dadewa ba sun fara gwaji tare da shuka dankali don sarrafa su zuwa soyayyen Faransa, kuma cikin nasara sosai. Ee, wannan kakar mun ba da na'ura tare da samfur a farashi mai rahusa fiye da farashin kasuwa. Amma a cikin 2019, an sayar da dankali "daga filin" don 9-10 rubles / kg (la'akari da ƙimar ingancin). Yin irin wannan aiki yana da riba a gare mu, amma kuma saboda gonarmu tana kusa da sana’ar kwastomomi, kuma muna da ban ruwa.”
Kada mu manta game da buƙatar yin aiki don inganta ingancin samfurori masu girma. Ko da yake a cikin wannan al'amari ba duk abin da ya dogara da masana'anta. Kamar yadda Sergey Filippov ya lura, masu noman dankalin turawa a yau suna fuskantar matsaloli biyu. Na farko: karancin tsaba masu kyau. Na biyu: ci gaba da hauhawar farashin takin zamani, kayayyakin kariya na shuka, kayan aiki da duk wani abu da ake bukata don samarwa - babu wanda ke kokarin daidaita wannan tsari, wanda ba za a iya cewa farashin dankalin turawa ba.
Ko masu kera suna da isassun albarkatu da damar da za su haɓaka samfurin daidai da fasahar samarwa za a nuna su ta sakamakon sabon kakar.