A wani zamani ne yafi kyau saya dankali na iri don shuka a cikin sabon kakar?
Tabbas, kowane kamfani yana kayyade mafi kyawun sharuɗɗa ta hanyarsa, gwargwadon ayyukansa da ƙarfinsa. Amma, a matsayinka na doka, koyaushe akwai masu siyarwa waɗanda ke jinkirta wannan lokacin har zuwa Maris har ma har zuwa Afrilu, kuma akwai da yawa daga cikinsu: wayoyin kamfanonin iri a farkon bazara sun zama mai zafi.
SIYAR DASUKON DASU?
A wannan shekara, sanannun sanannun masu samarwa da masu ba da kayayyaki sun lura tun lokacin bazara. Wasu kamfanoni sun sami nasarar siyar da masu sayayya don shuka kusan kafin fara girbin. Menene dalilin wannan kuma ya kamata mu tsammaci ƙarancin kasuwa?
BAYANSA DAGA EUROPE
Bari mu fara da mafi girman sashi na batun: wadatar zuriya daga Turai. A wannan shekara, tsare-tsaren sayan sa ga masana'antun Rasha da yawa an daidaita su ta hanyar fari mai tsauri wanda ya shafi kusan dukkanin ƙasashe da ke da hannu a cikin samar da iri na dankalin turawa, ciki har da masu samar da iri zuwa Rasha: Netherlands, Finland da Jamus (wasu yankuna). A cewar kafofin daban-daban, masu shuka iri na wadannan kasashe sun sami kasa da kashi 20-30% na adadin samarwa.
Dangane da wannan, an tilasta wa masu kera rage yawan ƙuri'a da aka shirya wa ƙasashe - masu saye. Yana da wahala a iya tantance takamaiman alkaluman da wannan ragin zai haifar ga Rasha (a ƙarshen Oktoba 2018). Ka tuna: a farkon bazarar 2018, an shigo da kimanin tan 14 da rabi na dankali iri zuwa Rasha, wanda sama da tan 12 daga ƙasashen EU suke. A yau, wasu kamfanonin samar da kayayyaki suna tsammanin za a yanke adadin kayan aiki da kashi uku.
A kan haka, kamfanoni da dama sun riga sun sanar da karin farashin dankalin dankali na kayan kasashen waje. Wasu - game da mahimmanci. Yana da kyau a lura cewa masana'antun sun hada da cikin sabon kudin kayayyakin Turai ba wai kawai diyyar asarar da kayayyakin suka yi asara ba, har ma, misali, kudin mai da mai, wanda ya karu sosai a wannan shekarar.
A lokaci guda, kusan dukkanin masu samar da dankalin Turawa na Turawa (a cikin waɗanda mujallar ta bincika) sun lura cewa a farkon farkon kaka suna da aikace-aikace daga masana'antun aikin gona na Rasha don siyan kayan ƙwaya a cikin adadin wanda a fili ya wuce ƙarar da wadatattun kayayyaki. A takaice dai, ba kowa bane zai iya siyan diyan dankali da aka shigo da wasu nau'ikan a wannan shekarar.
Koyaya, wasu masu riƙe da kayan aikin gona na Rasha sun ce sun yanke shawarar ƙin sayen kayan ƙwaya don lokacin 2018 daga ƙasashen waje, suna tsoron cewa ƙwayayen da aka shuka cikin mawuyacin yanayin yanayi na iya samun ingantattun matsaloli.
GANYANKUNAN DASKUNAN SAURARA
Amma mafi yawan kayan shuka (na adadin tan dubu 900 da aka dasa a shekara a cikin ƙasar) har yanzu dankali ne wanda aka shuka a Rasha. Me za a ce game da shi?
A wannan shekara, gonakin iri a yawancin yankuna na ƙasar suma sun fuskanci matsalar yanayi. Wani dogon lokacin bazara ya ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar Rhizoctonia. Wani lokacin rani mai zafi, bushe ya haifar da raguwar samuwar tuber; an lura da ƙarancin tubers a gonakin manyan yankuna masu shuka iri, duka a Arewa maso Yamma da Tsakiyar Rasha. Rana mai bushewa daidai ta baiwa manoma jarabawa game da ikon girbi a cikin ƙasa mai duwatsu. Ba kowa ya cancanci alamun kirki ba: a cikin gonaki da yawa, babban adadin dankali ya sami lalacewar inji, wanda ke nufin cewa ana iya faɗin matsalolin ajiya.
Tabbas, a yau, lokacin da aka gama girbin girki, yayi zamani ne domin yin hukunci da ingancin dankali iri a kasuwa. Halin zai zama ɗan ƙara haske a watan Disamba, lokacin da masu samarwa masu karɓa suka karɓi sakamakon nazarin tubers don kasancewar cututtuka; mafi cikakken hoto zai haɓaka a cikin bazara, bisa ga sakamakon ajiya, kuma za a iya yanke hukunci na ƙarshe kawai a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta gaba. Koyaya, abubuwan da aka ambata a sama sun ba da shawarar cewa yawan kayan iri masu inganci a kasuwa na iya zama ƙasa da yadda aka saba, farashinsa kuma ya yi girma.
A lokaci guda, masu kera dankali irin na cikin gida kansu basu yarda cewa yanayin kasuwa a wannan shekara ya banbanta da na shekarun baya ba kuma yana bukatar tsari na musamman na aiki. "Babu wani tashin hankali," in ji Anastasia Borovkova, shugabar sashen dankalin turawa a kungiyar 'German Seed Alliance Russ', "Muna aiki ne a yanayin kaka. Kamar koyaushe, gonaki daga yankunan kudu sun riga sun rattaba hannu kan kwangila kuma suna biyan umarni. Masana'antu a Rasha ta Tsakiya suna ci gaba da kimanta sakamakon girbin, suna tantance yawan irin da za su buƙata a shekara mai zuwa. "
Kodayake babu wanda ya musanta cewa dankali na mafi mashahuri iri kuma mafi kyau quality ana sayar da shi a farkon.
"Dankalin shahararrun nau'ikan ana rarrabe shi koyaushe kafin sabuwar shekara," ya tabbatar da Anastasia Borovkova, "a wannan shekarar, zuwa karshen watan Oktoba, mun riga mun sayar da adadin nau'ikan Red Lady da Rasha ta kera".
"Duk wanda ke son samun kyawawan iri ya kamata ya kula da su a gaba," in ji Oleg Martyshin, mataimakin daraktan kamfanin Slava Dankali, "mun sanya hannu kan kwantiragin farko na samar da iri a bana a watan Agusta".
Kuma a cewar Vladimir Molyanov, Babban Darakta na Molyanov Agro Group LLC, sayan kayan abu yanzu don lokacin 2019 yana nufin yin aiki a makare, a wannan lokacin ya kamata kuyi tunani game da bazara na shekarar 2020: “Masu samar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke da hannu dumu-dumu a cikin girma da dankali sun sani tun da wuri kan wane yanki zasu shuka dankalin turawa a cikin shekara ɗaya, waɗanne irin za su buƙata. Sun bar aikace-aikace ga kamfanin iri, suna binciken shukar a lokacin bazara, kuma a lokacin bazara, idan komai ya dace da su, sai su sayi kuri'a da ta dace. Wannan shine shekara ta uku a jere da muke yin rikodin yadda ake gudanar da wannan kasuwancin. "
HUKUMAR JIHO: GABATAR DA AYYUKAN BAYANIN
Wannan batun ba shi da alaƙa kai tsaye da batun labarin kuma, wataƙila, har ya zuwa yanzu an fi damuwa da ƙungiyoyin da ke yin aikin kiwo ko inganta nasarorin shayarwa. Kodayake, a nan gaba, yana iya yin tasiri mai mahimmanci a kasuwar iri na Rasha. Muna magana ne game da Umurnin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Rasha wanda aka sanya a watan Agusta 31.08.2018, 143 A'a XNUMX "A kan yarda da tanadin da hukumar kula da kasafin kudi ta jihohi ta yi" Kwamitin Jiha na Russianungiyar Rasha don Gwadawa da Kariya ga Ayyukan Cigaba "na ayyukan da suka shafi manyan ayyukanta don biyan kuɗi".
Yanke shawarar gabatar da kudade ga ayyukan hukumar ta Jiha ”ya haifar da tattaunawa mai zafi a cikin kwararrun al'umma. A lokaci guda, kusan ba wanda ke musun buƙatar wannan gwargwado; da yawa sun lura cewa a yau Rabaren ofabi'a na Barikar Allowarshe na Jiha don Ba da Amfani ya haɗa da nau'ikan iri iri, kuma ba dukansu ke cikin buƙatun masu siye ba. Gabatar da kudin zai iyakance yawan mutanen da suke son neman yin gwaji iri-iri tare da rage yawan aikin da zai fadi a kan ma’aikatan Hukumar Kula da Kasa. Kodayake a yanzu muna magana ne game da adadin da ba zai iya iyakance ba, amma yanke wani muhimmin ɓangare na mahalarta kasuwar.
A cewar Vladimir Molyanov, gwada nau'in dankalin turawa iri daya a yankuna uku zai yiwa kamfanin sa kusan 800 rubles. Amma wani lokacin karatu na kaddarorin iri ana aiwatar da su tsawon shekaru. Ba kowace ƙungiyar kiwo ba ce ke da irin wannan kuɗin, musamman idan ta haƙiƙanin hukuma ce.
Amma babbar matsalar ba ita ce hanya ba. Masana sun ce tsarin gwaji iri-iri da ake da su a Rasha na bukatar gyara sosai.
Wakilan Nationalungiyar ofasa na Masara da Sunan Tsarin Sunflower a cikin takaddar buɗe takarda ga Ministan Noma na Tarayyar Rasha Dmitry Patrushev tare da neman a dakatar da Umurnin A'a 143 (an buga aikin ne a shafin yanar gizon na SRO NAPSKiP) cewa: "Kusan dukkanin mahalarta masana'antu sun lura da rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙungiyar gwajin iri daban-daban a matsayin hanya aiwatarwarsa, kazalika da fasahar zamani (masana'antu) na ci gaban amfanin gona, wanda ke sanya shakku kan sakamakon jihar ortho gwaje-gwaje ”.
Masu girbi dankalin turawa za su iya bayyana irin wannan tunanin. A yau, mai siyar da iri, zaɓi iri-iri, kusan ba ya yin la’akari da sakamakon gwaji iri-iri, tun da yanayin girma dankali a ɓangaren fannoni kuma a fagen takamaiman gona galibi ba su da yawa.
Canje-canje ya zama dole, kuma aiki akan ingancin samar da sabis, daga hangen al'ummomin ƙwararrun da suka shiga tattaunawar, yakamata a gabatar da ƙimar kuɗi a kansa. Tambayar ita ce ko za a ji ra'ayinsu yayin da yake bayyane.
Hakanan wasu maganganun suma ana haifar dasu ne ta hanyar yanke shawara akan karin iri-iri a Rijistar Jiha. Misali, masu kiwo suna korafin cewa an ba da fifiko ga nau'ikan da ke samar da abubuwa masu yawa, yayin da a cikin yanayin zamani mai samar da noma zai iya samun babbar riba ba daga yawan samfurin ba, amma daga halayensa na musamman: kasuwa tana buƙatar dankalin turawa wanda yake da launi na fata wanda ba na al'ada ba, gabatarwa mai kyau, dacewa mai wanki, babban ajiyar lokaci ...