Shirye-shiryen kayan shuka na farko don shuka yana da tasirin gaske akan ci gaba da ci gaban shuke-shuke a lokacinda suke girma, akan juriyarsu ga mummunar tasirin waje. Pre-shuka dumama da germination na tubers yana hanzarta fitowar shuke-shuke, yana haɓaka saurin ci gaba da balaga da amfanin gona. A lokacin girbi, irin waɗannan tubers suna da bawo cikakke, wanda ke rage raunin su sosai.
Shirye-shiryen shuki na tubers sun hada da babban gini, hanyoyi daban-daban na dumama da dasa shuki, jiyya mai motsa jiki da sanya sutura da magungunan kashe kwari.
Idan ba a sanya tubers bayan an girbe dankali a cikin kaka ba, ana yin wannan kafin dasa shuki. Daga jimlar yawan dankalin turawa, da cuta da kuma rashin daidaitaccen (ƙaramin canji har zuwa 25 g kuma babba - sama da 80 g) ya kamata a cire tubers. Lokacin daidaitawa, dole ne a raba tubers zuwa kashi 30-50 g, 50-80. Kowane sashi dole ne a dasa shi daban. Wannan zai baku damar lissafin dasa daidai, don tabbatar da daidaiton tsire-tsire.
Air dumama da cika fuska qara yawan amfanin ƙasa dankali. Germination, ko vernalization, na tubers yana samar da harbi da sauri da kuma daidaito, yana ƙaruwa da yawan tushe, yana hanzarta ci gaba da bunƙasa shuke-shuke. Wannan dabarar tana da daraja musamman lokacin da ake shuka dankali da dankali.
A cikin kwanakin dumi, ana cire tubers daga shagon ko zazzabi a ciki ya tashi. Idan 'yan uwan ba su da fure, zazzabi daga + 2-4 ° C yana ƙaruwa zuwa + 15 ° C. Da zaran farkawarsu ta fara, zazzabi ya ragu zuwa + 20-10 ° C kuma an kunna wutar zuwa ga ƙarancin harbe da ƙarfi.
Sau da yawa tubers na fitar da fure guda ɗaya na filamentous, wanda ba a so. A irin waɗannan halayen, don ƙara adadin ƙwayar ƙwayar itaciya, ana cire kwayoyi guda ɗaya. Idan yawancin gajere masu yawa sun bayyana a kan tubers, irin waɗannan an shirya tubers don dasawa.
Idan an jinkirta dasawa saboda yanayi, zazzabin ajiya yana ragu. Bayan dumamar yanayi, an rarrabe iri, cire tubers da ya shafa. Cutar da zafin jiki na motsa bayyanar cututtukan latent, cututtuka kuma yana inganta zabar lafiyayyun tubers.
Hakanan ana iya aiwatar da Germination a cikin akwatuna marasa zurfi, raga da jakankunan filastik (girman 135 x 28 cm, wanda ake yin ramuka tare da tsawon), a cikin yawa a ƙarƙashin fim, ko kuma a cikin gidan haya. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a lura da manyan sharuɗɗa: raƙuman ruwa dole ne ya zama ƙasa, kuma dole ne a yada hasken; lokacin da ya kewaya yanayin ɗaki a yanayin zafin jiki na + 15-20 ° C, dole ne a dasa tubers lokaci-lokaci.
Hakanan yana da matukar mahimmanci a juya su lokaci-lokaci don duk tsiron da sukai ƙusoshin ya ƙarfafa kuma yayi kore a cikin haske. Za'a iya samun narkakken haske ta hanyar rufe kwalaye, fakiti ko tuddai tare da kowane haske ko farin kyalle ko takarda. Lokacin sanya tubers a wuraren da aka kiyaye daga hasken rana kai tsaye, ba a buƙatar murfin. Ana yin danshi na tubers bayan kwanaki 5-6, ana fesa su da ruwa ko kuma wani rauni mai ƙarfi na ruwan hoda mai sarƙar.
Sai ya faru da tare da tsawan ajiya da babban zazzabi, da tubers rasa turgor da kuma kafa dogon harbe. A irin waɗannan halayen, ba a ba da shawarar fitar da sprouts, yana da kyau a yi ƙoƙarin yin tsayayya da tubers na kwanaki 7-10 a ƙarancin zafin jiki.
A wuraren shuka abinci, ana iya yanka dankali iri, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da manyan tubers da rage yawan kayan iri. Don yankan, an fara shuka tsiro na farko domin samun ganyen 2-3 a kowane yanki na tuber don haka rage tsirarwar ofan itacen. Babban taro shine yakamata ya kasance akalla 25-30 g.
Bayan yankan, ana samarda tubers iri da yanayi don karfafa samuwar mai kariya ta suberin a saman da aka sare (karin danshi cikin iska da zafin jiki na 15 ° C da zagayen aiki). Lokacin yankan ya dogara da yanayin ƙasa. Idan yanayi ya dace (ƙasa tana da laima, zazzabi 10-18 ° C), yanke kafin dasa shuki. Warkewar farcen da aka yanke yana faruwa a cikin ƙasa. Idan kasar ta bushe ko tayi damshi mai yawa kuma zafin yayi yawa ko yayi kadan, yanke kwanaki 5-8 kafin a dasa.
Don kara juriya na tsire-tsire zuwa ƙarshen bugun jini yayin lokacin tsiro, yana da kyau a bi da tubers sau biyu tare da maganin 0,02% na jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe: a karo na farko - kwanaki 7-10 bayan fara shukawa, na biyu - kwanaki 7 kafin a dasa.
Ana samun sakamako mai kyau a cikin yaƙar kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar haɓaka germination tare da ƙwayar pre-iri na ƙwayayen iri tare da itacen ash, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu yawa waɗanda suka wajaba don haɓakar shuka da ci gaba. Tsutsawa tare da toka a cikin nauyin 1 kilogiram na ash a kilogiram na 50 na kayan dasa yana ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, abun sitaci kuma yana inganta ɗanɗano dankali.
A cikin rashin ash, ana iya fesa tubers tare da cakuda microelements (2 g na sulfate da 10 g na potassium permanganate da 10 l na ruwa) ko kuma sulfate jan karfe (2 g da 10 l na ruwa) da boric acid (har zuwa 10 g a 10 l na ruwa) kafin dasa shuki. Don 100 kilogiram na tubers ciyar 2 l na bayani.
source: http://krassever.ru